Chiphunzitso
Anthu a zaka anayesa kupeza mayankho okhudzana ndi kapangidwe kalengedwe, anayang'ana nyenyezi zodabwitsa ndipo analakalaka kugonjetsa kosmos. Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky adabweretsa umunthu wogonjetsa Airspoce.
Ntchito zake zinali zolimbikitsa kuti apange zotupa zamphamvu, ndege ndi ma gerbital. Malingaliro opita patsogolo komanso atsopano a woganiza nthawi zambiri samagwirizana ndi malingaliro aboma, koma wasayansi sanataye mtima. Kukayika kwanzeru kwa Tsiolkovsky adalemekeza sayansi ya Russian padziko lonse lapansi.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
M'dzinja la 1857, mnyamatayo anabadwira ku banja la Tsiolkovsky. Makolo a mwana wa mwanayo ankakhala m'mudzi wa Izhevsk Ryazan. Khanda la Konstantin linatchedwa wansembe pamene abatizidwa. Eduard Innatievich (abambo) amawerengedwa kuti ndi abale olemekezeka, omwe mizu yake idapita ku Poland. A Maria Yumafav (Amayi) - Titarda pochokera, anali ophunzira ku masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuti athe kudzitsogolera ndi dipuloma.
Amayi anaphunzitsa mwana wake polemba ndi kuwerenga. Kalata ya Konstantine imakhala "nthano ya nthano" ya Afonasyev. Pa bukuli, mwana wanzeru amakuluma makalata ndi mawu. Popeza anali wodziwa kuwerenga, mwana wofunsayo anakumana ndi mabuku ambiri omwe anali m'nyumba. Abale ndi alongo a Tsiolkovsky adaganiza za mwana wakhama komanso duwan ndipo sanafune kumvera "ana" a ". Chifukwa chake, Kostya adauzira modzidzimutsa adadziwuza kuti ali ndi mchimwene wake.
Ali ndi zaka 9, mwana watenga kachilomboka. Matenda opweteka adapereka zovuta kwa mphekesera. Kutsikira Kumanidwa Konstantin ambiri mwa zomwe ana amalingalira, koma sanataye mtima ndikutengedwa mwaluso. Dulani ndi zojambula zamakatona kuchokera pamakatoni ndi nkhuni. Kuchokera pansi pa manja a mwana wakhanda, owonda amatuluka, amayang'anira nyumba ndi zovala zazing'ono. Ndinalenga woyendayenda yemwe adalimbana ndi mphepo, chifukwa cha kasupe ndi mphero.
Mu 1868, banjali limakakamizidwa kusamukira ku Kirov vyatal vyata, monga momwe Atate anasiya ntchito yake ndipo anatsogolera abale ake. Achibale anathandiza munthu yemwe ali ndi ntchito, ophatikizidwa ndi nkhalango. Tsiolkovsky adapeza wogulitsa - yemwe kale anali wa Shuhavin. Patatha chaka chimodzi, mnyamatayo pamodzi wachinyamata wake amalowa "vyatka masewera olimbitsa thupi" a Vyatk ". Aphunzitsi adapezeka kuti anali zinthu zokhwima komanso zovuta. Kuphunzira kumaperekedwa ndi Konstantin molimbika.
Mu 1869, M'bale wamkulu amwalira, omwe ankaphunzira mu Sukulu ya Martime. Amayi, osapulumuka mwanayo, chaka chimodzi adamwalira. Kostya, amayi okondedwa kwambiri, amalira pachisoni. Nthawi zowopsa za Biography yasokoneza wophunzirayo, yemwe samawala ndi zilembo. Gulu la giredi 2 chifukwa chosatsimikizika chatsala chaka chachiwiri, ndipo anzanuwo amaseka mwankhanza.
Mwa kalasi 3 ya ana asukulu olowererapo adathamangitsidwa. Pambuyo pake, Tsiolkovsky adakakamizidwa kuti azichita maphunziro. Kukhala kunyumba, wachinyamatayo anachezera kuti awerenge kwambiri. Mabuku adapereka chidziwitso chofunikira ndipo sichinanyoze munthuyu, mosiyana ndi aphunzitsi. Pa library ya makolo, konstantin adapeza amagwira ntchito ndi asayansi otchuka komanso odzipereka kwambiri.
Pofika zaka 14, mnyamata wa mphatsoyo amayamba luso lake. Kudziyimira pawokha kwa nyumba, mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zomwe sizinthu zakuthengo: oyendayenda, oyendetsa mphepo, homocotame komanso ngakhale Astrolabe. Cholinga chachikulu chomwe chimapangidwira kwa nthawi yanthawi yanthawi ya "Matsenga" amatsenga ndi mabokosi, momwe zinthuzo "zidasowa" njira yachinsinsi.
Maphunziro
Abambo, oyesedwa, amakhulupirira talente ya Mwana wake. Eduard Ignatievievich amatumiza talente yaying'ono ku Moscow, komwe amayenera kulowa sukulu yapamwamba. Idakonzekera kukhala ndi mnzake wa abambo omwe adalemba kalata. Podula, konstantin adaponya pepalalo ndi adilesi, ndikukumbukira dzina la msewu. Kufika ku Germany (Baumansy) gawo, kuchotsa chipindacho ndikupitiliza maphunziro.
Chifukwa cha mabodza achilengedwe, mnyamatayo sanasankhe kulowa, koma anakhalabe mumzinda. Abambo adatumiza mwana ma ruble 15 pamwezi, koma ndalamazi zidasowa.
Mnyamatayo adapulumutsidwa pachakudya, monga momwe amagwiritsira ntchito ndalama pamabuku ndi ma reagents. Kuchokera pazithunzi zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndimatha kukhala pa 60 kopecks pamwezi, kudya mkate ndi madzi.
Tsiku ndi tsiku kuyambira 10:00 mpaka 16:00 amakhala mulaibulale ya Chertkovskaya, komwe amaphunzira masamu, sayansi, mabuku, zamaketember. Apa konstantin amadziwana ndi woyambitsa matenda a ku Russia - Fedorov. Mwa zokambirana ndi woganiza, mnyamatayo adalandira zambiri kuposa momwe angaphunzirire kuchokera ku zochokera m'mautufesa ndi aphunzitsi. Zaka zitatu zinafunika talente yang'ono kuti ithe kudziwa bwino pulogalamu ya masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Mu 1876, bambo a Tsiolkovsky adadwala kwambiri ndipo adapangitsa Mwana wake kunyumba. Kubwerera ku Kirov, mnyamatayo adalemba kalasi ya ophunzira. Posambitsa luso lawo lophunzitsa, lomwe linathandiza ana kubzala. Phunziro lililonse limawonetsera anthu owoneka bwino, omwe amathandizira kuphatikiza kwa omwe amawerengedwa.
Kumapeto kwa chaka chachikulu atamwalira - mchimwene wanga wa Konstantine. Mwamunayo anali ndi vuto la nkhani imeneyi, kuyambira pakudana ndi ubwana womwe amawakonda komanso kudalira zinsinsi zamkati. Pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri, banjali lidabwerera ku Ryazan, kukonzekera kugula nyumba. Pakadali pano, pali mkangano pakati pa Atate wake ndi Mwana wake, ndipo mphunzitsi wachinyamatayo amasiya banja. Pa ndalama zomwe zimapezeka pakuphunzitsa akadali pa Vyatka, kuchotsa chipindacho ndikuyang'ana ophunzira atsopano.
Kuti mutsimikizire ziyeneretso, munthu akutulutsa mayeso m'gulu lochita masewera olimbitsa thupi loyamba. Atalandira satifiketi, kugawa kumatumizidwa ku Borovsk, kupita kumalo a boma.
Zochita zasayansi
Msuri ya wachinyamata tsiku lililonse amajambula zithunzi komanso zolembedwa pamanja. Nyumbazo zikuyesera nthawi zonse, chifukwa cha biatir mibiater zipinda, mphezi zazing'ono zowala, ndipo abambo amadzidziwitsa okha.
Councial Council "RFO" adaganiza zophatikiza tsiolkovsky mu udindo wa asayansi. Ogwira ntchito ku komitiyo anamvetsetsa kuti nzeru zodziphunzitsa zimathandiza kwambiri sayansi.
Ku Kauga, munthu adalemba ntchito zopindika, mankhwala, chuma chamankhwala. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky samadziwika osati mu zopangidwazo, komanso mawonekedwe odabwitsa pamlengalenga. "Philosophy" yake idakulitsa malire a malo okhala ndikutsegula msewu kupita kumwamba pamaso pa munthu. Ntchito yabwino ya "chilengedwe chonse" idatsimikizira anthu kuti nyenyezi zili pafupi kwambiri kuposa momwe zikuwonekera.
Mndandanda wazopeza zasayansi
- Mu 1886 adapanga baluni, kuyang'ana zojambula zake.
- Kwa zaka zitatu, mwamuna asayansi akugwira ntchito pamalingaliro omwe amalumikizidwa ndi maphunziro a Rocket. Kuyesera kugwirira ntchito ya chitsulo.
- Zojambula za masamu ndikuwerengera zimatsimikizira chiphunzitsocho pachovomerezeka cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa rocket kukhala malo.
- Anakonza mitundu yoyamba ya zingwe kuyambira ndi ndege yokhazikika. Zojambula za pulofesa zidagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kukhazikitsa kwa maluso a maluso "Katsusha".
- Anamanga chitoliro cha msempha.
- Adapanga injini ndi mtundu wa mpweya wagesi.
- Adapanga zojambulajambula ndikuyika lingaliro la ndege ziwiri.
- Posambitsa sitimayo ikusunthira pamlengalenga.
- Adapanga Chassis omwe amafikira kuchokera kudera la ndege.
- Anafufuza mitundu yamafuta a maroketi, ndikulimbikitsa chisakanizo cha haidrojeni ndi mpweya.
- Yolembedwa ndi buku lasayansi ndi lopanda malingaliro "kunja kwa dziko lapansi", momwe adafotokozera za ulendowu wodabwitsa wa Hava.
Moyo Wanu
Ukwati wa tsiolkovsky unachitika m'chilimwe cha 1880. Kukwatiwa ndi chikondi, ndimayembekezera kuti ukwati ngati uno sudzasokoneza ntchito. Mkazi anali mwana wamkazi wa wansembe wamasiye. Barbara ndi Konstantin amakhala mbanja zaka 30 ndikutulutsa ana 7. Ana asanu adamwalira akadali wakhanda, ndipo otsalawo adaphedwa ndi akulu. Ana onse aamuna anachita zodzipha.
Biographyntin Eduardovich tiziromboti zing'onozing'ono. Wasayansi amafa, moto ndi kusefukira kwamadzi. Mu 1887, nyumba ya Tsiolkovsky idawotcha. Mumoto adafa zolembedwa pamanja, zojambula ndi mitundu. 1908 siyikhala yachisoni. Pamwamba pa nyumba kuchokera ku gombe la oka osefukira nyumba ya pulofesa, kuwononga njira zapadera ndi magalimoto.
Zochita zasayansi zanzeru sizinayamikire antchito a Sukulu ya Socialist. Kuchokera ku Imfa ya Hunry ku Tsiolkovsky adapulumutsa gulu la okonda mapulogalamu apadziko lonse lapansi, ndikusankha penshoni. Akuluakulu akukumbukira kukhala oganiza zaluso kokha mu 1923, pomwe boma la Fermany pa ndege za ku Germate pa ndege zosindikizidwa. Boma lidasankha luso la ku Russia kupita ku anius wa ku Russia.
Imfa
M'ngululu ya 1935, madokotala adapezeka ndi pulofesa wa m'mimba wam'mimba. Ataphunzira matendawa, mwamunayo amapanga chipangano, koma anakana kupita kuchipatala. Otopa chifukwa cha zowawa zakutha kugwerapo.
Madokotala adachotsa chotupacho, koma sichingalepheretse kugawanika kwa maselo a khansa. Tsiku lotsatira, chipatala chinaperekedwa ku telegraph kuchokera kwa Stalin, yemwe amafuna kuchira mwachangu.
Asayansi wamkulu adamwalira m'dzinja la chaka chomwecho.
Zosangalatsa
- Ozimitsa moto pambuyo ofiira
- Ndekha kwa zaka zitatu adaphunzira pulogalamu ya yunivesite,
- Kudziwika, ngati mphunzitsi wazinthu zosangalatsa komanso wokondedwa wa ana,
- Tamuganizira kuti kuli Mulungu
- Ku Kauga, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale idamangidwa, pomwe zinthu zapakhomo zalembedwa
- Olota za dziko labwino pomwe palibe milandu,
- Anadzipereka kuti akhudze anyankhondo ku maatomu,
- Kuwerengetsa kutalika kwa rocket rocket.
Mawu
- "Tiyenera kusiya malamulo onse akhalidwe ndi chilamulo amatichita kutichitira zinthu ngati akuvulaza zolinga zapamwamba. Zomwe tingathe ndipo zonse ndizothandiza - ili ndi lamulo lalikulu la zamakhalidwe atsopano. "
- "Nthawi ikhoza kukhalapo, komabe, sitikudziwa komwe ikuyenera kufunidwa. Ngati nthawi ili pachilengedwe, siitsegulidwa. "
- "Chombo cha ine ndi njira yokhayo, njira yokhayo yokhayo yomwe ili pansi, koma osatha pakokha, padzakhala njira yosiyana siyana. . Chikhalidwe chonsecho chiri mu kusamutsidwa kuchokera pansi komanso m'malo mwa malo. "
- "Umunthu sudzakhala kukhazikika pansi, koma pofuna kuunika ndi malo, choyamba chidzayamba kulowa m'mlengalenga, kenako ndikupambana malo onse obwera."
- "Kulibe mlengi-wa Mulungu, koma pali malo, akupanga dzuwa, mapulaneti ndi zolengedwa zamoyo: Palibe Mulungu Wamphamvuyonse, koma pali chilengedwe chonse."
- "Zosatheka Masiku Ano Zidzatheka mawa."
M'bali
- 1886 - Chiphunzitso cha Aerostat
- 1890 - ku funso louluka kudzera mapiko
- 1903 - Makhalidwe Achilengedwe
- 1913 - Kutsindika munthu kuchokera ku ufumu wa nyama
- 1916 - Mikhalidwe yamoyo m'maiko ena
- 1920 - Mphamvu Yosiyanasiyana
- 1921 - Masoka a Dziko
- 1923 - mtengo wa sayansi yazinthu
- 1926 - chotenthetsera chosavuta cha dzuwa
- 1927 - Zinthu za moyo wachilengedwe m'chilengedwe chonse
- 1928 - Ungwiro wa chilengedwe
- 1930 - Airship Uirship
- 1931 - Kuwulula kwa Mankhwala Phenomena
- 1932 - Kodi injini yamuyaya ndiyotheka?