A Victor Hugo - Biography, Chithunzi Chaumwini, M'Malemba

Chiphunzitso

Viktor Hugo ndi wolemba waku French, yemwe ntchito zake zidalowa m'mbiri ndipo zidakhala zipilala zosafa za cholowa. Gothic Amateur ndi nthumwi yazachikondi moyo wake wonse adanyoza malamulo a anthu ndipo amatsutsa kusalingana ndi munthu. Buku lotchuka kwambiri "likuwumbidwa" Hugo linalemba pa nthawi yomwe vutoli limavuta, koma, komabe, bukuli lidapangidwanso ndi mafani a wolemba padziko lonse lapansi.

Ubwana ndi Unyamata

Kuyamba kwa zaka za zana la 19: ku France, kusinthika kwakukulu ndi ufumu wakale komanso Mfumu yoyambirira kunawonongedwa mdzikolo, Republic yoyamba inabwera kudzalowa m'malo mwa Republic yoyamba. Dzikoli limakulitsa mawu akuti: "Ufulu, kufanana, ku Bcheru", ndi Mtsogoleri wachinyamata Napoleon Bonava adakhazikitsa chiyembekezo cha tsogolo labwino.

Inali panthawi yomwe maziko akale adawonongedwa, ndipo ku France kumamera kuchokera ku mbewu za chisinthiko, gulu lankhondo la Natelenic Leopold Sizgo adabadwa mwana wamwamuna wachitatu. Chochitika ichi chinachitika pa February 26, 1802 kum'mawa kwa dzikolo, mumzinda wa Beanonan. Mnyamata yemwe adapatsa Victor anali wowawa komanso wofowoka, pokumbukira za amayi ake Sophie, mwana wakeyo sanali "mpeni wagoba."

Banjali linali lolemera ndipo amakhala m'nyumba yayikulu itatu. Leolold adachokera kwa anthu wamba, koma mkulu wina waku France adalola munthu kuti adzionekere. Bambo wa wolemba m'tsogolo adachokera kwa kazembe wa gulu lankhondo la Republican kwa Wothandizira Bonatarte ndipo, pomaliza, adakhala wamkulu. Hugo Sr. Nthawi zambiri amayendetsa ngongole chifukwa cha ngongole yautumiki, motero banja limasamukira ku Italiya, Spain, Majerkulle, komanso pachilumbachi ku Mediterranean ndi Tuscany. Maulendo amasiyidwa osawoneka bwino pa Victor, yemwe pambuyo pake adzapezanso ntchito za wolemba.

Kuchokera ku Bibleography ya Hugo, zimadziwika kokha kuti amawerengera mwana wamkazi wa wombo.

Sophie ndi Leorold adayesa kulera anyamata atatu (Victor, Abele ndi Ezhena) mchikondi, koma mawonekedwe adziko lapansi omwe amapendekera, chifukwa chake ankakangana. Zomwe zimafunikira zidachitika kuti ziwonekere zachifumu ndi Voltairean malingaliro ndi mu France zinali zothandiza kwa mzera wa Boubon, pomwe Hugo wamkulu anali wodzipereka kwa napoleon. Osati magawano andale okha omwe amakakamiza makolo a wolemba mtsogolo kuti abalalike: Sophie anali ndi chikondi kumbali ndi General Viktor Lagori.

Chifukwa cha mikangano ya kholo, abale atatu amakhala ku Sophie, ndiye Leopold, ndipo mu 1813 mayi ndi abambo Viktor Guktor adasudzulana, ndipo mayiyo adasamukira ku likulu la France, ndipo mayiyo adatenga mwana wamwamuna wam'ng'ono. M'tsogolomu, Masaphie adanong'oneza bondo koposa kamodzi ndikuyesera kuyanjanitsana ndi mnzakeyo, koma sanafune kuyiwala chipongwe chakale.

Amayi anali ndi chisonkhezero cha Victor: Iye adatha kuuza mwana kuti abwerere kwa iye kuti abwerere kwaufulu, ndi chifanizo cha mfumu yabwino kwambiri, komanso fano la mfumu yabwino kwambiri idapangidwa pa mnyamatayo mwa kuwerenga mabuku.

Malembo

Leopol analota kuti mwana wamng'onoyo alongedza sayansi, pambali pake, mnyamatayo anali ndi chidwi ndi masamu, amaganizira kwambiri ndikuthana ndi zovuta. Mwina mwana wamwamuna wamwamuna akanakhala ndi ntchito yachenjere kapena masloti, koma a Victor adasankha njira ina ndipo sanali ku University Polytechnic.

Woyambitsa mtsogolo mwazinthu zomwe sadafa adakonda ziwerengero za ndakatulo za Chilatini ndi mabuku, kuwerenga ntchito zazikuluzikulu ndi chipika. Komabe, Hugo adayamba kulemba zosamveka komanso ndakatulo zaubwana, kuphunzira Louisig Louisig, kuyambira 1812. Mnyamatayo nthawi zambiri anali wolemba ma seweroli malingaliro ogulitsa kusukulu: Matebulo osinthika anali gawo losinthika, ndipo zovala zantchito zimadulidwa manja a ana opanda chidwi kuchokera m'pepala ndi makatoni.

Mnyamatayo ali ndi zaka 14, adauzidwa ndi woimira woyamba wa zachikondi Francois Shatutsts ndipo adalota kukhala ngati ndakatulo ya ku France. Mu diary ya Autobagraphical ya "tchalitchi chathu cha" tchalitchi chathu cha "tchalitchi chathu" chidalembedwa ndi kumasulira kwa zolengedwa 10 TEtradok: ndiye kuti mnyamatayo anali pachipatala chifukwa cha kuvulala mwendo wake.

Pambuyo pake, munthu woganiza kuti adapeza zolemba pamanja, amatoleredwa mosamalitsa ndi amayi ake, ndikuwotcha ntchito zake, poganiza kuti ndi wokhoza kungolankhula bwino komanso zosindikiza. Pa chikalata chomaliza, Victor alemba kuti ndi zamkhutu ndipo chimakongoletsa chithunzi cha dzira, mkati mwake.

Pamene VIktor anali ndi zaka 15, adadziwonetsa kuti ndi wolandira zachifumu zoonekeratu komanso kutsata kalasi yakale yolemba.

Mu 1813, Hugo wachichepere amatenga nawo mbali mu mpikisano wolemba, womwe ukuimira mamembala a Jury Reo duanters za sayansi, ma avaters a Les des, omwe amatenga ndemanga komanso chidwi. Oweruza ena sanakhulupirire kuti wolemba ndakatulo wa ndakatuloyo anatembenuka 15, chifukwa mu ntchito ya Victor adakambitsirana ngati bambo wachikulire wokhala ndi dziko lapadziko Lonse lopangidwa ndi dziko lapadziko Lonse lopangidwa ndi dziko lapadziko Lonse lopangidwa ndi dziko lapadziko Lonse lopangidwa ndi dziko lapadziko Lonse.

Wolemba wachinyamatayo anatamcherechera mtsogoleri wa Bourbon mu ntchito: chifukwa chotsatira chifaniziro cha Heinrich IV ", mnyamatayo adalandira chidwi ndi olamulira achi French omwe amalipira talente ya French yomwe idalipira talente ya France. Ndinafunika kulimbikitsa ndalama kudzera njira, popeza Leopold anakana kuthandiza mwana wachuma chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi sukulu yomaliza kuti alowetse sukulu ya polytechninini.

Mnyamatayo ali ndi zaka 17, iye, pamodzi ndi Mbale Abele, amafotokoza kuti bukulo lili ndi dzina la "Mawu a Concarvaval", ndi obzala ndakatulo yodziwika bwino pagulu la anthu.

Mabuku a GyuU adanenanso za chikondi, ndipo polemba a Wolemba, ndipo gawo lazachikulu kapena landale linkakonda, pomwe munthu wachizungu a ku Bairon anali ntchito, munthu wamkulu yemwe anali munthu.

Anthu okhala ku France adawona kusalingana kwamtunduwu, mabampu onyansa, kusauka, ukapolo, machitidwe osungunuka a akazi ndi moyo zina zochitika za chikondi. Hugo, monga wolemba aliyense, anali wachisoni yemwe anali ndi nkhawa ndi zenizeni zoyandikanazo. Kuphatikiza apo, m'ntchito zake, Victor sanachepetse chiwopsezo cha mikangano, kuyesera kutsimikizira kwa owerenga mavuto aboma kungathetse kuti munthu aphunzire kuzindikira zamakhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe.

Nthawi zambiri, adokotala a ku France anali andale, mu buku loyambirira la "Wolemba mawu akuti" (1829) amalongosoleredwa kuti aphedwa " Ngwazi zolembedwa, zidapulumuka.

Komanso, lingaliro la mafilosofi ndi ntchito ya Viktor Hugo "Munthu amene amaseka" (Pre-Victor akufuna kutchula zolembedwa "mwa dongosolo la wolemba") wolembedwa ndi wolemba. Bukulo limafotokoza zoopsa za nkhanza zachikhalidwe, zomwe zidachitidwa ndi Vukha. Ntchitoyi ikunena za Huph Guinplane, yemwe ali ndi vuto laubwana wake anali nkhope yoletsa cholowa cha mpando wachifumu ndi udindo wake. Chifukwa chodzipatulira chakunja, mnyamatayo adalandidwa ngati munthu wachiwiri-wachiwiri, osasamala za maphwando ake abwino.

"Anakanidwa"

Bukuli "limawumbidwa", lolemba ndi Hugo mu 1862 - Pamwamba pa ntchito ya wolemba waku France, womwe pambuyo pake unazijambula ndi kanema pambuyo pake. Lingaliro la ziweto limakhala ndi zovuta za moyo wozungulira, monga njala ndi umphawi, kugwa kwa atsikana ochita zachiwerewere, komanso kufooka kwa kalasi yapamwamba kwambiri, yomwe inali yaukadaulo. .

Kupanga kwa ntchito ndi a Jean Valzhan, omwe chifukwa cha banja lokhala ndi njala adabera ku Bakechchka. Chifukwa cha upandu woopsa, mwamunayo adalandira zaka 19 m'ndende, ndipo atatuluka kupita ku zofuna zake, zomwe zidalandidwa ufulu wokhala chete.

Ngakhale anali owoneka bwino m'gulu, ngwazi ya Chiroma ili ndi cholinga - kutenga msungwana wopanda nyumba mbuzi wokondwa.

Malinga ndi wolemba nkhani waku French, bukuli limakhazikitsidwa pa zochitika zenizeni: Mu 1846 Hugo adawona kuti bambo amangidwa chifukwa cha chidutswa cha mkate.

Komanso, Victor amafotokoza za moyo wa mwana wa Pery - Syrota Gavrosh, yemwe amamwalira muufumu wa June yemwe wadutsa mu 1831.

"Cathedral of Paris ya Paristian Iris"

Lingaliro la "tchalitchi cha Paris cha ku Viktor Hiktor Hugo mu 1828, ndipo bukulo limasindikizidwa mu 1831. Pambuyo pa kufalitsa kwa hugo kukhala kovomerezeka: Wolemba adalemba a ntchito ndi mbiri yakale.

Victor amadalira zomwe adakumana nazo wolemba wodziwika wa World - Wolemba mbiri Walter Scott. "Mbiri ya mayi wathu wa ku Parisisi" anali ndi cholinga chandale: Pa moyo wake wamoyo, wolemba Roma adasewera kuti ayambenso zipilala.

Chifukwa chake, tchalitchi cha Gothic ku Paris, chomwe akuluakulu adzagwedeza, adakhala ngwazi yayikulu pantchitoyo. Wachiroma amakauza za nkhanza za nkhanza ndi kukangana kwamuyaya kwa zabwino ndi zoyipa. Bukuli ndi lodabwitsa ndipo limafotokoza za zoyipa zoyipa zoyipa, mchikondi ndi kukongola kwa Esmeralda - amene sanagwetse mtumiki wantchito wosauka wa Kachisi. Atamwalira, ntchitoyi idatetezedwa: idakhazikitsidwa ndi "Horbun yotchuka" Horbun yotchuka "(1996).

Moyo Wanu

Victor Hugo moyo wa Hugo adadzitchula kuti anali ndi ubale ndi anyamata kapena atsikana. Mu unyamata, wolemba amayamba kukonda kwambiri adeli fesa, woimira Borgeoiiciie. Mu 1822, wokondedwa pabanja. Banja lili ndi ana asanu (mwana woyamba wamwalira mu unyamata), koma kukongola kwa Adel kunayamba kunyalanyaza E Hugo: Sanaganize kuti ndi wokwatirana naye ndipo sanawerenge mzere kuchokera pantchito zake. Koma mayiyo anasintha mwamunayo ndi mnzake Woyera-Beva, kukana Victor pachisangalalo chachithupi, kukhumudwitsidwa kulikonse kwa wolemba kugwedezeka msungwana woyimitsidwa, koma amakonda kungokhala chete pa chuma.

Pambuyo pake, a Hugo akondana ndi chidwi chokongola chowoneka bwino, chomwe chidakhazikitsidwa ndi kalonga wa Anatooly Demidov, osakana mtsikanayo. Pulogalamu yatsopano yokhutira idakondana ndi wolemba yemwe amafuna kumaliza buku ndi munthu wachuma. Koma mu chibwenzi pakati pa Hugo, zidakhala zopusa kwambiri: kuchokera mkwatibwi wabwino wa wachisomo adatembenukira kukhala mayi, omwe adavala ziphuphu: Wolemba wa Roman adalipira ndalama zochepa.

Wictor watsopanoyo anali ndi loto kuti akhale wochita sewero, koma wolemba sanachite chilichonse kuti mtsikanayo alandire mbali ya zisudzo.

Pambuyo pake, chilakolako cha wolemba ukalamba wa wolemba wolemba, ndipo sanali wotsutsana ndi atsikana usiku wina, kuti phwando lomwe linakonza ofesi ina ku nyumba yake.

Imfa

Wolemba wamkulu adamwalira mu kasupe wa 1885 kuyambira chibayo. Uthengawo wonena za kufa kwa Viktor HuGO MIG anauluka kuzungulira France yonse, anthu mamiliyoni ambiri omwe ali ndi chisoni ndipo anachita nawo maliro a Wolemba Zake.

Imodzi mwa malo omwe timawakonda kwambiri a Jugo adapita pachilumba cha Jersey, komwe Victor adatenga zaka 3 wokondwa ndikudziulula ngati wolemba ndakatulo.

M'bali

• "Anakanidwa"
• "Cathedral of Paris ya Paristian Iris"
• "Munthu Woseka"
• "Tsiku lomaliza la kuweruzidwa"
• "Chaka chachitatu"
• "Kozett"
• "Ogwira Ntchito Zam'nyanja"
• "Gavrosh"
• "Claude Ge"
• "Ernini"

Mawu

• "Ikani phompho la kusautsika, ndipo muwononge mawu akuti";
• "Anthu akulu sawonekera yekha";
• "Malingaliro ndi masewera osowa m'nkhalango";
• "Kutawunikira, ndani amadziwa njira, amangokhala obwera chifukwa cha kusakhulupirika";
• "Zilibe kanthu kwa ine, yemwe ndi mbali yanji; Ndikofunika kumbali ya Olondola ";
• "Mwamuna sakhala moyo wa mkazi yekha, komanso thupi lake, ndi nthawi zambiri thupi kuposa mzimu. Mzimu - wokondedwa, thupi ndi mbuye wanga. "