Franz Kafka - Biography, Chithunzi, Moyo, Mabuku

Chiphunzitso

Bizinesi ya Franz Kafka sinadzatayike ndi zochitika zomwe zimakopa chidwi cha olemba mu m'badwo uno. Wolemba wamkuluyo anali moyo wamphamvu komanso wafupi. Nthawi yomweyo, Franz anali wachilendo komanso wosamvetsetseka, ndipo zinsinsi zambiri zimachitikanso mwa Ambuye uyu, chisangalalo m'maganizo a owerenga mpaka pano. Ngakhale kuti mabuku a Kafki ndichidindo chachikulu, m'moyo womwe wolemba sanalandire kuvomerezedwa ndi ulemerero ndipo sanazindikire kuti ndi chigonjetso chenicheni chomwe.

Atatsala pang'ono kumwalira, Franz adalowetsedwa ku mnzake wapamtima - mtolankhani Max Brodod - wotentha m'tsogolo, koma podziwa kuti mtsogolo liwu lililonse la Kafki limakhala lofunika kulemera kwa golide, youma yomaliza ya bwanawe. Chifukwa cha Max Creation, Franz adawona kuwala ndipo adathandiza kwambiri m'mabuku a zaka za zana la 20. Ntchito za Kafki, monga Labyrinth, "America", "angelo samawuluka", "nyumba yachifumu", ndi zina zotere, zimafunikira kuti tiwerenge m'mabungwe apamwamba ophunzira.

Ubwana ndi Unyamata

Wolemba mtsogolo anabadwa woyamba kubadwa pa Julayi 3, 1883 m'mbale yayikulu ya zachuma ndi chikhalidwe chamiyambo yamphamvu ya Austrary. Panthawiyo, ufumuwo unali ku Czech ndi Ajeremani, omwe, omwe ali ndi mbali ndi mbali, sanathe kuyanjana mwadala, momwemo nthawi zina antimini-Semitomena adalipo. A Kafku sanadandaule ndi nkhani zandale ndi zigawo zina zam'tsogolo, koma wolemba wamtsogolo, koma wolemba wamtsogolo adayenera kukhala nawo kumbali ya moyo: Zochitika pagulu komanso momwe ma xenophobia adasiya umunthu wake ndi chikumbumtima.

Pakudziwika kwa makolo omwe a Franz adakopeka: kukhala mwana, sanapeze chikondi cha abambo ake ndipo adamva katundu wake m'nyumba. Franz ROS ndipo anakulira limodzi kotala la a Yosefe m'banja lachijeremani lolankhula Chiyuda. Tate wa wolemba - wa Herman Kafka - anali wamalonda wa dzanja wapakati, wogulitsa adagulitsa zovala ndi zinthu zina zosokoneza bongo. Amayi a wolemba Julia Kafr anachitika kuchokera ku mtundu wabodza wa Jacob Levi ndipo anali mtsikana wophunzitsidwa kwambiri.

Komanso, Franz anali ndi alongo atatu (abale awiri omwe anamwalira atayamba ubwana asanafike zaka ziwiri). Pamene mutu wa banja udasowa m'sitolo, ndipo Julia adamuwona atsikana, a Kafka adadziperekera kwa Iye. Kenako, kuti muchepetse ulusi waimvi wa moyo wokhala ndi mitundu yowala, Franz adayamba kupanga nkhani zazing'ono, zomwe, sizinachite chidwi ndi aliyense. Mutu wa banjali unapangitsa mapangidwe a malembedwe ndi chikhalidwe cha wolemba mtsogolo. Poyerekeza ndi munthu wazaka ziwiri amenenso anali ndi mawu ang'onoang'ono, Franz adamva za plebem yake. Kumverera kwamthupi kumeneku kunawalondolera Kafku pa moyo wake wonse.

Kafka-Serior adawona wolowa m'malo wa wolowa m'malo wa bizinesi, koma mnyamata wotsekedwa, wamanyazi sanazengereze a Atate. Herman adagwiritsa ntchito njira zophunzitsira zovuta. Polemba zolemba za kholo, zomwe sizinafike ku owonjezera, Franz anakumbukira momwe usiku unavalira khonde lozizira komanso lakuda chifukwa chakuti anafunsa madzi. Kutukwana kwa ubwana uku kunamveka kuti ndi osalungama olemba:

"Pambuyo pazaka zambiri, ndidadwalabe, monga munthu wamkulu, abambo anga, pafupifupi usiku, amabwera kwa ine, ndikutulutsa pa khonde - zikutanthauza Kuti ndinali ndi iye, "zikumbukiro za Kafka adagawana.

Kuyambira pa 1889 mpaka 1893, wolemba wamtsogolo adaphunzira kusukulu ya pulaimale, kenako adalowa pomwepo. Monga wophunzira, mnyamata wina adatenga nawo mbali mu yunivesite ya Amateur ndikupanga zosintha zanyengo. Mukalandira satifiketi yokhwima, Franz adalandira Yunivesite yaukadaulo wa Karlov. Mu 1906, Kafka adalandira digiri yoyenera. Mutu wa ntchito yasayansi ya wolemba anali wa zachiwerewere komanso wachuma.

Malembo

Franz Kafka adamuwona zochitika zatsatanetsatane cholinga chachikulu m'moyo, ngakhale kuti amamuona ngati mkulu wambiri muofesi ya inshuwaransi. Chifukwa cha matendawa, kafka adapuma pantchito isanakwane. Wolemba ntchitoyo anali wogwira ntchito molimbika ndipo adayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi abwana, koma Franz adadana ndi izi komanso osawoneka bwino adachita zomwe adachita zokhudza atsogoleri ndi oyang'anira. Adalemba Kafka yekha ndipo amakhulupirira kuti mabukuwo amalungamitsa kukhalapo kwabwino komanso kumathandiza kuti asiye zinthu zovuta za kukhala. A Franz sanafulumize kuphiphalitsa ntchitozo, chifukwa iye ankawaona.

Zolemba zake zonsezokha zimasonkhanitsa max banda, omwe wolemba adakumana naye pamsonkhano wa kalabu yodzipereka ku Neetzsche. Bard adanenanso kuti Kafka adasindikiza nkhani zake, ndipo pamapeto ake ndi Mlengi adapereka: mu 1913 malo osungira "akutuluka. Otsutsa adalabadira Kafka ngati wopusa, koma wotsutsa yekha wa cholembera sanakhutire ndi luso lake, lomwe limawona chinthu chofunikira kukhala. Komanso pa moyo wa Franz, owerenga adadziwana ndi gawo laling'ono la ntchito yake: Mabuku ambiri ofunikira ndi Kafki adawona kuwala kokha atamwalira.

M'dzinja la 1910, Kafka, limodzi ndi brod, adapita ku Paris. Koma patatha masiku 9, chifukwa cha kupweteka kwambiri m'mimba, wolembayo adachoka mdziko la Conaanna ndi Parmesan. Panthawiyo, Franz ndikuyamba buku lake loyamba "losowa" "lomwe pambuyo pake lidasinthidwa ku" America ". Ambiri mwa zolengedwa zawo Kafka adalemba ku Germany. Ngati mukugwirizana ndi zoyambira, zimapezeka kulikonse komwe kuli chilankhulo chodalirika popanda kusintha kwadzidzidzi ndi zosangalatsa zina. Koma imvi komanso usimoni umaphatikizidwa ndi osapusa komanso osamvetsetseka. Ambiri mwa ntchito za mbuyeyo amaphatikizidwa ndi kutumphuka kuti ayang'anire mantha pamaso pa dziko lakunja ndi bwalo lalikulu kwambiri.

Kumverera kwa nkhawa ndi kutaya mtima kumafalikira kwa owerenga. Komanso Franz anali wamisala wochenjera, yemwe ndi waluso uyu amafotokoza molunjika zenizeni za dziko lino lokhalapo, koma ndi njira yovuta kwambiri. Ndikofunika kukumbukira nkhaniyo "Kusintha", mu 2002, kanema waku Russia adachotsedwa ndi a Evgeny Minonov Pa gawo lotsogolera.

Chiwembu cha nkhaniyi chimazungulira Gregor, mnyamata wamba lomwe limagwira ntchito ngati gulu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mlongo wake komanso makolo ake. Koma mosagwirizana ndi: Gregor adasandulika tizilombo. Chifukwa chake, prigagonist idatayidwa, yomwe abale ndi abale ake sanamverere dziko lokongola la ngwazi, adadandaula ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a cholengedwa chowopsa komanso ufa wotsimikizika (mwachitsanzo, sakanakhoza kupeza ndalama zawo mchipindacho ndi alendo oyipa).

Koma pokonzekera kufalitsa (zomwe sizinakwaniritsidwe chifukwa cha kusagwirizana ndi mkonzi) kafka adayika ukwati. Wolembayo ananena kuti kunalibe zithunzi zokhala ndi tizilombo pachikuto cha bukulo. Kuchokera pano pali matanthauzidwe ambiri a nkhaniyi - kuchokera ku matenda osokoneza thupi auzimu. Kuphatikiza apo, zochitika kwa metamorphosis of Kafka, motsatira njira yake, sizimanena, koma zimawerengera izi zisanachitike.

Njira ya Roma "ndi ntchito inanso yofunika kwambiri ya wolemba, wofalitsa mwachidwi. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti zolengedwazi zinapangidwa pakadali pano pomwe wolemba adagwira nawo ntchito ndi Felicia Bauer ndipo adadziona kuti akuimbidwa mlandu, ndani amene ali mdani. Ndipo zokambirana zomaliza ndi okondedwa ndi mlongo wake Franz poyerekeza ndi khotilo. Izi ndi nkhani yopanda tanthauzo imatha kuonedwa kuti ilibe.

M'malo mwake, Kafka adagwira ntchito pamanja mosalekeza ndikulowa zidutswa zazifupi za njira yomwe ili m'dongosolo, yomwe idalembedwa ndi nkhani zina. Kuchokera ku kope ili, Franz nthawi zambiri adatulutsa mapepala, chifukwa chake zinali zosatheka kubwezeretsanso bukuli. Kuphatikiza apo, mu 1914, Kafka anavomereza kuti anachezeredwa ndi vuto lopanga, kotero kugwira ntchito pa Bukhu lidayimitsidwa. Ngwazi yayikulu ya njirayi - Josef K. (ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti m'malo mokhala ndi dzina lodzala, wolembayo amapereka ngwazi zake) - amadzuka m'mawa ndikuwapeza. Komabe, chifukwa chenicheni chosungira sakudziwika, izi zimakhazikitsidwa ndi ngwazi pa kuvutika ndi ufa.

Moyo Wanu

Franz Kafka adachitidwa kuti akongola. Mwachitsanzo, asanachoke ku yunivesite ya University, wolemba wachinyamata amatha kuyimirira pamaso pa kalilole kwa maola ambiri, akuwunika mosamala nkhope ndikuphwanya tsitsi. Pofuna kuti 'tisachite manyazi ndi kukhumudwitsidwa ", Franz, yemwe nthawi zonse amadziona ngati khwangwala choyera, atavala zojambula zamafashoni. Anthu a m'nthawi ya Kafrasi adawonetsa kuti anali ndi chidwi, wanzeru komanso wanzeru. Amadziwikanso kuti thanzi lofooka ndi wolemba woonda adadzithandiza kukhala ndi mawonekedwe komanso, pokhala wophunzira, anali wokonda masewera.

Koma sindinapeze ubale ndi akazi, ngakhale kuti Kafka sanalandiridwe chidwi cha azimayi okondeka. Chowonadi ndi chakuti wolemba nthawi yayitali sanakhalebe ndi chikumbumtima chofanana ndi atsikanawo, mpaka atafika ku silika kwa "luwunari" - kotala la nyali zofiira. Kuyang'ana mwachimwemwe chachithupithupi, Franz m'malo mwa laputopu adangodziwa kunyansidwa kokha.

Wolemba adatsatira mzere wa machitidwe a kafukufukuyu ndipo, monga Gogol, adathawa pansi pa korona, ngati kuti amawopa maubwenzi ndi mabanja. Mwachitsanzo, ndi Frenduin Felicia Bauer Feaer Feaver adasokoneza gawo lawo kawiri. Kafka nthawi zambiri amafotokoza msungwana uyu m'makalata ake ndi zojambula zake, koma chithunzi chomwe chimawonekera m'mitu ya owerenga, sichikugwirizana. Mwa zina, wolemba wotchuka adagwirizana ndi mtolankhani komanso womasulira Mylena Esenskaya.

Imfa

Kafki anali kuvutika nthawi zonse ndi matenda osachiritsika, koma sasadziwika ngati anali m'maganizo. Franz adavutika ndi kutsekemera m'matumbo, mutu pafupipafupi komanso kusowa tulo. Koma wolemba sanapatse manja ake, koma anayesera kuthana ndi matenda omwe ali ndi vuto la moyo wathanzi: Kafka adakumana ndi zakudya zoyenera, adayesa kugwiritsa ntchito nyama, adachita masewera ndipo adapeza mkaka. Komabe, zoyesayesa zonse zothetsera thupi lawo kukhala zopanda pake.

Mu Ogasiti 1917, madokotala anapezeka ku Franz Kafki matenda oyipa - chifuwa chachikulu. Mu 1923, Mtsogoleri wa nthenga adasiyira dziko lake (adapita ku Berlin) pamodzi ndi diamondi ina ndipo amafuna kuti alembe. Koma panthawiyo, thanzi la Kafki lidangokulitsa: zowawa mumerozi zidasakhulupirira, ndipo wolemba sakanakhoza kudya. M'chilimwe cha 1924, wolemba wamkulu wa ntchito adamwalira kuchipatala.

Ndizotheka kuti kutopa kunali chifukwa cha imfa. Manda a Franz ali pa manda atsopano achiyuda: Thupi la kafka limanyamulidwa kuchokera ku Germage kupita ku Prague. Pokumbukira wolemba, osati zojambula chimodzi zomwe sizinapangidwe, mwachitsanzo, mutu wa Franz Kafka ku Prague), ndipo malo osungirako zinthu zakale adamangidwa. Komanso, luso la Kafka linali ndi vuto looneka pa olemba zaka zotsatira.

Mawu

• Ndikulembera mosiyana ndi ine ndikunena, ndimalankhula moyenerera, zomwe ndikuganiza, ndikuganiza mosiyana, nchiyani chomwe chikuyenera kuganiza, ndi kuzama kwakuda kwambiri.
• Mvetsetsani mnansiyo kukhala wosavuta ngati simukudziwa chilichonse chokhudza iye. Chikumbumtima Ndiye Sizikuzunza ...
• Popeza sizingakhale zoyipa, zinakhala bwino.
• Ndisiye mabuku anga. Ndizo zonse zomwe ndili nazo.
• Fomuyi si umboni wa zomwe zili, koma nyambo yokha, chipata ndi njira yofikira. Idzakweza chochita - ndiye kuti mapulani obisika adzatseguka.

M'bali

• 1912 - "Chitsimikizo"
• 1912 - "Kusintha"
• 1913 - "Kusinkhasinkha"
• 1914 - "Mu Colony Wokonza"
• 1915 - "Njira"
• 1915 - "Caras"
• 1916 - "Amereka"
• 1919 - "dokotala wakumidzi"
• 1922 - "Castle"
• 1924 - "Horodar"