Chiphunzitso
Ponena za olembawo ndi mawonekedwe - omwe awona dziko lapansi ndipo amakumbukira olemba akunja ngati Erney Hamentaway, Jack Londord, Henry Raider Hagghor. Koma ndi ochepa omwe akukumbukira wolemba waku Russia, mphunzitsi komanso woyendayenda Boris Stewatovich Zhitkov, yemwe mnzake wa ku Perutary Valentinovis wamuyaya.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Boris adabadwa pa Ogasiti 30, 1882. Zidachitika mumzinda wa Velliky Novgorod. Mnyamatayo adakhala mwana wachiwiri m'banjamo - woyamba anali mwana wamkazi wa Vera. Abambo Boris - Stepan VasalICHEIch - anali mphunzitsi ku Inshuwaransi ya Novgood. Malinga ndi zolemba Stepan VasalilEvich, mibadwo ingapo ya ana idawerenga masamu, algebra ndi geometry. Amayi a mnyamatayo - Tatyana Pavlovna - inali yotchuka piano, wophunzira wa wojambula waku Russia anton grigorieviin.
Chifukwa cha mizu yachiyuda kumbuyo kwa Stepan Vasalovich, anthu ochokera kumagulu aboma adawonedwa mosamala. Chifukwa chake, pamene wolemba wamtsogolo adabadwa, kusamvana, Stewan Vasalyvevich, adaganiza zotenga banja linanso pakati pa chithunzi chandale zandale komanso zandale. Nditakwera chaka ku Russia, koma kotero kuti anali atagona, wokhala m'banja lake kudzatenga banja ku Odessa, komwe mchimwene wake ndi mlongo wake anakhala nthawi imeneyo.
Ku Odessa Stepan Vasalyevich akhutitsidwa ndi Akatswiri owerengera ndalama, ndipo Tatyana Pavlovna amakhala mphunzitsi wachinsinsi pa masewera a kiyibodi. Kupanga koyamba kwa chikhulupiriro ndi Boris kumafika kunyumba, ndipo atafika ku masewera olimbitsa thupi. Mu gawo la maphunziro a Zhitkov-jr. Ndi wolemba wamtsogolo komanso womasulira Korie Chukovsky, komanso Vladimir Exgnievich Zubotiidevich Zubotiekyky - Woyambitsa mtsogolo wa gulu la Chiyuda.
Mu 1901, Boris imathetsa masewera olimbitsa thupi a Sperial Novorolosyk ku dipatimenti ya zachilengedwe. Monga wophunzira ku yunivesite, zomwe zimalola zimakonda masewerawa pa viyolin, koma pambuyo pake zimasankha kusinthanitsa kujambula (mwatsoka, palibe chithunzi chimodzi cha Zhitkov chasungidwa). Musaiwale munthuyu komanso ku chitukuko cha thupi - kale mu chaka chachitatu amalandila mpikisano woyendayenda.
Chikhalidwe chochititsa chidwi komanso chitsimetso pamtima zimatsogolera Boris kuti komwe kusinthika kwa Russia kwa 1905, anthu okhala kumathandiza kuwoloka zipolowe. Mu 1906, Boris amalandira diploma wa kuyunivesite. Chifukwa cha udindo wosakhazikika mdzikolo, nthawi yayitali sakanapeza ntchito. Zotsatira zake, pa upangiri wa mnzanu wasankha kukhala woyendetsa sitimayo. Ogulitsa angapo kunyanja, munthuyo amapereka mayeso pa nyanjayi. Mu gawo la oyendayenda a chombo chomwe chimayenda ku Turkey ndi Bulgaria.
Malembo
M'mabuku, Boris Zhitkov adabwera mochedwa. Kumbali ina, ndi moyo wake wamkuntho komanso moyo wopangidwa ndi zochitika zadwali ndi ntchito zambiri za wolemba. Kuphatikiza apo, wolembayo adapambana diary ndipo nthawi zonse adalemba kalata yake, motero adalemba dzanja polemba. Mu 1909, imakhala kazembe wofufuza yemwe adachita nawo ulendo wa inisei.
Pobwerera Kuchoka, Boris amapereka zikalata ku St. Petersburg Poltechch University of Peters wa dipatimenti yomanga yotumizira. Mu 1910, imapita ku Denmark kuti adutse ochita ndi wochita chitsulo. Mu 1912, imapita ulendo wake woyamba padziko lonse lapansi. Munthawi ya Armenia, ambiri mwa a Boris adachita chidwi ndi mayiko a Asia - India, Japan ndi China. Mu 1916 imathetsa yunivesite mu chapadera a Injiniya.
Pofika nthawi yomasulidwa kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Polytechchic ya zomwe zimalola kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito kale muvine. Mu 1916, a Boris amalandira udindo wotsimikizira kuti apambane, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi, kombebo pa Colulmty. Mu 1917, amakonda kusiya ntchitoyo ndikupita kukagwira ntchito kudera la Odessa, komwe adagwira mpaka 1924. Chaka chino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti petrograd.
Pakuti izi panali zifukwa ziwiri: Choyamba, Boris zidatopa kukhala pamalo amodzi - "Kacheva" mawonekedwe ake, olemba oyipa "olemba pamanja adaganiza zopita kunyumba yosindikiza. Ofesi ya Ordial Income idayamikira ntchitoyo, ndikuufalitsa m'chaka chomwecho. Kuyambira 1925, anthu amakhala okhutira ndi mphunzitsi kupita kusukulu yakomweko, ndipo amathera nthawi yake yonse yolemba ntchito. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ojambula a Boris, adalemba nkhani 74, nkhani ndi nkhani, 7 ndi 14 zolemba.
Boris Stewatovich adadziwika kuti ndi olemba ana. Zinali za ana kuti adalemba ntchito zake zambiri - makamaka zizoloŵezi "zomwe ndidawona", "zomwe zidachitika", "nkhani zankhondo" ndi "nkhani za nyama". Bungwe la Nkhani Zanyama, lomwe limafalitsidwa mu 1935, lomwe linali ndi nkhani zochokera ku India, "mphaka waulere", "za njoke", "za Njovu ndi mongoose, "Glka" ndi "nkhandwe".
Komabe, ntchito yomwe imalola kuti ivale pamwamba pake inali buku "Viktor Vavich", odzipereka ku zochitika za 1905. Kwa nthawi yayitali, ntchitoyo sinali yofalitsidwa chifukwa inali yoletsedwa. Mtundu wopanda mabilo adasindikizidwa kokha mu 1999, chifukwa cha mwana wamkazi wa Kornea Chukovsky, Lidiya, yemwe adayatsa zolemba zakale za Atate.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ambiri mwa buku "Viktor Vavich" anali achangu. Pofika kuchuluka kwa omwe adagwira ntchitoyo adachita, anali wolemba Boris Pasterk, TV azungulire wa avdota smirnova ndi wogwirizira Dmitnov. Otsutsa adazindikira kuti ngati sanali opatsa chidwi, "Viktor Vavich" akhoza kutenga malo mu kalankhulidwe ka Russia pakati pa "tikhm do" ndi "Dr. Zhivago". Mu 1988, chikondwerero cha zaka makumi asanu chinakondwerera kuyambira imfa ya wolemba, msonkhano woyamba wa zolembedwa zake udasindikizidwa.
Moyo Wanu
Za moyo wa Zhitkov amadziwa zochepa. Moyo wosankha sunalole kuti wolemba akhale banja labwino, motero pakutha kwa masiku ake amakhala ndi chikhulupiliro cha mikhailovna arnold sukulu ndi Soviet encrypter.
Kunalibe ana kuchokera kwa banjali, koma Boris anali ndi mwana wa mchimwene wa Alesha - mwana wa mlongo wachikulire. Unali Althehha yemwe adasandulika mawu a nkhani kuchokera kuzosonkhanitsa "zomwe ndidawona". Komabe, pali umboni kuti Zhivkov ali ndi ana angapo kuchokera ku Felitzat Fedorovna Gusevalna - mwana Nikolala ndi mwana wamkazi wa Felicat. Osachepera, choncho tsimikizani manyuzipepala.
Imfa
Kubwerera mu 1937, Boris Stewavich adamva matenda. Pa upangiri wa mnzanu adaganiza zoyesa njala yazachipatala, koma zidangoipitsa udindo wake. Buku Lomwe Linali Lanu Lomwe Linali "Encyclopedia kwa" Wanzeru "wazaka zinayi, wolembayo adatha, adalamulira kale kale. Bukuli linasindikizidwa m'dzina "zomwe ndawona."
Zina: "Thandizo likupita" - odzipereka m'njira yomwe imathandizira anthu, wolemba sanakhale ndi nthawi yomaliza. Komabe, pambuyo pake anafalitsidwa pambuyo pake amatchedwa "Nkhani za Technology". Boris Stewatovich anamwalira pa Ogasiti 19, 1938. Anaikidwa m'manda ku Moscow, pa chiwembu chachisanu ndi chimodzi cha manda a VagANkov.
Kutengera ntchito zake, mabatani a "mabatani ndi amuna" adachotsedwa (nkhani "Momwe ndidakopera anyamata"), "Chifukwa chiyani njovu?" (Malinga ndi nkhaniyo "za njovu"), "wofa", komanso nkhani za pafilimu "," mngelo Tsiku "" ndi "Mphendwe pa sudche". Zida za Biography ya Zhitkov idagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ndakatulo ya samuel marshak "Makalata" (1927) ndi "makalata ankhondo" pakadali pano, yang'anani pozungulira "(1984).
Mawu a Boris Zhitkov
- "Zosatheka kukhala zovuta kuphunzira: Ndikofunikira kuphunzira mosangalala, kunjenjemera ndi kupambana."
- "Izi ndi zoyipa kuposa zonse - mathalauza atsopano. Osapita, ndikuvala mathalauza: yang'anani nthawi zonse, kuti ziledle kapena ayi. Mayina kusewera - mantha. Kuchokera kunyumba yomwe mumapita - kuyankhula izi! Ndipo mayi wina amatuluka ndikufuula masitepe onse: "Tidzachoka - osapita kunyumba." Manyazi molunjika. Inde, simukufuna mathalauza ako! Chifukwa cha iwo, chilichonse chituluka. "
- "Anapita ku mzindawo: kuthamangira kwa anthu akukangana, Abuluwo amafuula mokwiya, aliyense afuula, amaponyedwa, ngati moto mumzindawo ukuponderezedwa. Agiriki onse ndi anthu osilira. A Turks ena akhala mumthunzi. Kasuok wa hookah ndi ndani, ndipo ndani ndi kachidutswa kambiri - kuyembekezera tsoka. "
- "Ndiye kumene amphaka ochokera mumzindawo adasuntha."
M'bali
- 1924 - "Nyanja Yoyipa"
- 1925 - "Nkhani Za Nyengo"
- 1931 - "Chisindikizo cha Miyala"
- 1935 - "Nkhani Za Zinyama"
- 1939 - "Zomwe ndawona"
- 1940 - "Nkhani"
- 1941 - "Viktor Vavich"
- 1942 - Nkhani za Technology "