Chiphunzitso
Umunthu wa wasayansi wa Alexander Bella ndi wopusa kwenikweni, chifukwa linali linnius uyu adapanga cholembera chachitsulo, seaphane ndi telefoni - zinthu zomwe zidakhala gawo lofunikira la moyo watsiku ndi tsiku la anthu amakono.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Alexander Ext Bell adabadwira mu mzinda wa Edinburgh pa Marichi 3, 1847, mu banja la akatswiri. Agogo a agogo a asupe anali woyambitsa sukulu ya koratory ndi wolemba buku la "Magawo Abwino". Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti agogo amayamba ntchito yake ndi shoemker, koma kukhazikika kwa zokongola kunamutsogolera.
Poyamba, bamboyo amene anachita zisudzo, ndiye ndinakhala owerenga, kujambula zolembedwa kuchokera ku Shakespeare. Kupambanaku kudafunsana kuti adayamba kuphunzira zabodza ndikutsegula sukulu yake ya Oiton ku London. Chifukwa chake bizinesi yabanja idabadwira, wolowa m'malo mwake anali tate wa omwe adayambitsa Alexander Melville Bell, yemwe nthawi ina amasindikiza nkhaniyo pa luso laukadaulo.
Mtsogoleri wamtsogolo wa sayansi amakulira mumlengalenga komanso nyimbo zambiri zomveka za mawu a munthu. Ali ndi zaka 14, adasamukira ku London, kwa agogo ake. Ndipo patatha zaka zitatu, atalandira maphunziro azachipatala ndi filosofi ku Edinburgh ndi Würzburg, adayamba kale kuchita nawo paintaneti, kuphunzitsa nyimbo ndi zosintha ku Weton Hauz Academy.
Pofufuza bwino zojambula ndi sayansi yazolankhula za anthu, belu lidakhala wothandiza mtsogoleri wa banja, omwe pa nthawi imeneyo amagwira ntchito mwanjira yoti apangidwe kutanthauka koyenera.
Amadziwika kuti mayi wa Mlengi wa hydrosroskapolta anali atamva luntha ndipo anali iye kuti zinthu zonse zatsopano zidapangidwa kuti ziphunzire. Bambowo adabwera ndi "mawu olankhula mawu, momwe mawu a zolankhula adasankhidwira zilembo ndi zithunzi, zomwe zikuwonetsa komwe panthawiyi payenera kukhala mimisiri ya zigawo zolankhulirana (zomwe zidanenedwa kwa anthu omwe sanamvepo mawu).
Abale a Alexander atamwalira ku chifuwa chachikulu, banjali mu 1870 linasamukira ku Canada, kenako ku America. Kumeneko anapitilizabe kugwira ntchito ndi anthu ndi mawu. Ntchito ku Boston idapita bwino. JR. Bell adatsegula sukulu yake mumzinda, momwe adaphunzitsira zoyambira za banja la aphunzitsi ena.
Atangofika kwambiri a Alexander Gream ali ndi ndalama zokhazikika, wasayansi adayambanso kuyesa pakusamutsa mavoti pa mawaya pa mawaya, zomwe adayamba kuchita chidwi ndi England. Belu lidapanga labotale yaying'ono yomwe adayesa usiku, mu nthawi yake yaulere.
Pakati pa zileba, kumva zobwetsetsa, panali mkazi wamtsogolo wa a sayansi, mwana wamkazi wa wochita bizinesi Hibbard, ndipo mwana wamwamuna wazaka zisanu wa Thomas Sanders dzina lake Thomas Sanders.
Zida ndi sayansi
Mu 1876, ku Chiwonetsero cha Anzake Elials Padziko Lonse la Philadelphia Bel adawonetsa zopangidwa zatsopano pansi pa dzina "foni". Pa Marichi 7 wa chaka chomwecho, Alexander adalandira patent popanga. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti pachionetsero, nthumwi za asayansi amatchedwa kuti foni ndi chidole chopanda pake.
Bell kuti akhazikike ndi ngongole, anali wokonzeka kugulitsa za $ 100,000. Kampani ya Western Union, koma nthumwi zakumadzulo kwa mgwirizano sizinaganizire zogula zabwino. Pambuyo pake, utsogoleri wa WU adazindikira kuti adalakwitsa ndipo adathandizanso kugwirizana ndi asayansi.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti pagawo loyamba, foni sinali yangwiro - chipangizocho chinali chodziwika ndi mawuwo, ndipo ndizotheka kuyankhula nawo patali kwambiri ndi 250 metres. Chifukwa chake, mayiyu adapitilirabe kukonza chipangizocho. Mu February 1880, belu, limodzi ndi wothandizira, adapanga chipangizocho chotchedwa chithunzi chomwe chimapangidwira kusinthiratu ndi kuwala.
Mu 1881, wasayansi wakonza cholembera cha zitsulo chomwe chapangidwa m'zaka za zana la XIX kufunafuna Rudonic ndi moyo. Kuwoneka kwa cholembera chachitsulo kudalimbikitsidwa ndi zochitika zomvetsa chisoni. Mu 1901, belu lidapanga njoka ya piramidi mpweya. Zinali ndi mbali zinayi. Chipangizochi chinali chopepuka, cholimba komanso cholimba. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, amatha kukweza mlengalenga wa munthu.
Pamodzi ndi mkazi wake Bell mu 1907 adapanga "mayanjano oyesera aeronatics". Mu 1909, ndege yotchedwa "Silver Dart" idamangidwa. Ndege yoyamba yothawa ndege imapangidwa pa February 23, 1909. Tsiku lino limawerengedwa kuti ndi tsiku lobadwa la ndege yaku Canada.
Mu 1919, bwato la HD linamangidwa molingana ndi maphunziro a wasayansi, yemwe amakhazikitsa mbiri yatsopano yowerengera. Amadziwika kuti zida zamapiko izi zimapangitsa liwiro la makilomita 113 pa ola limodzi.
Nchito
Kumapeto kwa 1879, mgwirizano wa kumadzulo kwa kumadzulo kunanena mgwirizano ndi omwe amapereka. Chifukwa chake kampani yophatikizana ya kampaniyo "idawonekera, gawo lalikulu la magawo a Alexander. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti mtengo wa gawo limodzi la kampaniyo anali $ 1,000. Bungwe ili lidayambira pachitukuko cha telephy ndi kutuluka kwa makampani atsopano. Pofika m'ma 1900, mafoni a 1.5 miliyoni adaikidwa ku United States, komanso zaka ziwiri - 13 miliyoni.
Belu anayang'ana mtsogolo ndi kukonza mafelemu atsopano amathandizira ndalama kwa akatswiri achinyamata. Onsewa, pofika 1900, oposa 19,000 ndi theka a zolengedwa zokhudzana ndi telephy adatulutsidwa. Belu la ndalama lidalandilidwa kuchokera ku zopanga zidatsegulidwa ndi Institute of the Sybics ku Italiya Alessamero Volta.
Sanaiwale belu komanso za kufalikira. Kuphatikiza pa ntchito zasayansi, chithunzi cha sayansi chinali chitayang'anira kuyang'anira komanso chinali chachilengedwe. Amadziwika kuti Alexander adatenga nawo gawo poti chilengedwe cha mayiko ndipo adayambitsa magazini "General Geographic", yomwe imafalitsidwa ndipo tsopano.
Zotsatira zake, Alexander Alexam adalandira kuvomerezedwa kwa padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kampani yake idakhalapo ndipo idakalipobe mpaka pano mtsogoleri wadziko lapansi pakupanga matelefoni, makompyuta ndi magetsi. Asayansi ananena monga ananena kuti tsikulo lidzafika pamene munthu akanatha kuwona chithunzichi pafoni ndi omwe akunena, ndipo tsikulo lapita nthawi yayitali.
Kampani yosungiramonso maluwa imakhalabe yoona kwa woyambitsa. Tekinolojeni yatsopano, monga chilankhulo cha c ++, ma prototypes oyamba a DNA ndi mapu a malo amdima - zonsezi zidapangidwa mu labotari yasayansi ya asayansi.
Moyo Wanu
Ambiri mwa mapepala asayansi komanso zopangidwa ndi Bella zidadzipereka pakusintha kwa kulumikizana. Amadziwikanso kuti kwa zaka zingapo, wasayansi adawerenga komanso kucheza ndi ophunzira ogontha komanso komanso komanso ogontha. Chifukwa cha makalasi awa, wanzeru wa sayansi ndipo adakumana ndi Mkazi Woyamba komanso yekhayo.
Anakumana pamene wamkulu wa Mlengi wa foni sanathere zaka 15. Patsiku la zaka za m'ma 18 a okondedwa, zinkachitika. Kuyambira pamenepo, tsikuli lakhala tchuthi chapadera kwa okonda. Patatha chaka chimodzi ndi theka, belu adayendetsa ndalama zokwanira ndipo makolo a Mabe akuti zingamuthandize kuti azipereka mwana wawo wamkazi wawo komanso mwana wawo wamtsogolo. Zotsatira zake, bambo ndi amayi Hubbar adavomereza ku ukwati, ndipo Matenda ndi Alesandr adakhala mwamuna wake ndi mkazi wake.
M'makalata a Maring ndi amayi, mtsikanayo nthawi zambiri adalemba kuti tsiku lililonse amazindikira kuti ndi watsopano yemwe anali ndi mbali yatsopano. Izi zomwe zapezedwa zinapereka mayi kuti amvetsetse kuti amasankha bwino komanso pano pafupi ndi iye amene angadaliridwe.
Wopanda malire Hubbirt yofotokozedwa bwino kudzera pazakudya, chifukwa chake sizodabwitsa kuti patatha zaka zingapo mutatha ukwati, kulemera kwa wasayansi kufika chizindikiro cha 100 makilogalamu (40 makilogalamu kuposa momwe adalekeredwira).
Pambuyo paukwati, womwe unachitika mu 1877, kumene kumene kumene kumene kumene kumene anakonzera holoon m'tauni ya Niagara kugwa, komwe kuli kumwera kwa Ontario Dera la Ontario (Canada). Belu nthawi zambiri limachoka paulendo wamabizinesi. Pakulekanitsa, wasayansi wa mkazi wake ndipo, kuti asamazunze moyo, ndidaganiza zotenga ndi ine ndi Shere mu maulendo onse.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti chifukwa chokha chakutengera kusamvana kwa banja la BelloV chinali chizolowezi cha Alexander kugwira ntchito usiku yekha. Tsiku logwira ntchito la asayansi linatha nthawi ya 4 koloko m'mawa, ndipo mpaka nthawi imeneyo, Hubburt anazunza mwamuna wake mwamphamvu, chifukwa sakanagona popanda kukhalapo kwake.
Nthawi zingapo, Alexander anayesa kusintha chizolowezi cha tsiku logwira ntchito kusangalatsa mkazi wake, koma zoyesa izi sizinaphule kanthu. Kwa zaka zambiri za banja, mwamunayo wosankhidwa ali ndi ana aakazi awiri ndi ana amuna awiri, koma anyamata onse awiri adamwalira ndili mwana. Imfa yawo inali yokhudza amuna ndi akazi okhaokha, koma a Mabe adathandizidwa chifukwa cha nzeruzi, ndikunena kuti ana ake aamuna atsala ndi moyo kwamuyaya.
Mphunzitsiyo ndi wophunzira wakeyo ankakhala limodzi zaka 45 za banja losangalala.
Imfa
Bell kwa zaka zingapo zadwala kwambiri ndipo nthawi yayitali idamangidwa. Tsiku la imfa, wochita bizinesi adadzidzera kwa mphindi zochepa. Kenako Alesandro anaona wokondedwa wa Mabebulo atakhala pafupi ndi kama wake ndipo anamumwetulira. Mkazi akuitanitsa kuti asamusiye, koma sizinatsatire yankho kuchokera kwa Mlengi wa foni. Mwamuna wina adafinya pang'ono dzanja la mnzake ndipo adatseka maso ake mpaka kalekale.
Woyambitsa wotchuka adamwalira pa Ogasiti 2, 1922 (wazaka 75 (wazaka 75), ku malo ake kudera la New Scotland, komwe kunali kum'mawa kwa Canada. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti pa Ogasiti 4, 1922, mafoni onse adazimitsidwa kwa mphindi. Chifukwa chake dzikolo linapatsa ulemu womaliza kwa munthu yemwe adapatsa anthu mwayi wolankhulana, ngakhale ali ndi mtunda.
Dzina la wasayansi limafa silifa lidali chifukwa cha zopangidwa ndi zolemba zake, zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa pazinthu zakubadwa kuchokera mu moyo wa anzeru. Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa, koma mu 2002 US Congress inavomereza kuti foni sinabweretse belu, koma ku Italyan Meucci. Mwamuna wina adapanga chidakwa zaka zingapo asanabadwe, koma sanalandire patent ndipo adamwalira pa umphawi. Pambuyo pa nkhaniyi, anthu asayansi padziko lonse lapansi adakhulupirira kuti belu limangopezerapo mwayi wolephera ndipo adawapatsa.
Zosangalatsa
- Woyambitsa foni Alexander Bell anaganiza kuti moni wa telefoni kuti agwiritse ntchito mawu oti "ahoy" ochokera ku lexicon wa oyendetsa sitima aku Germany. Pambuyo pake, a Thomas Edison adapereka "Moni", yomwe ilowa mu Russian, idasinthidwa kukhala "Moni!".
- Alexander Bell, kupatula zopangidwa ndi zida zatsopano, kuyesa kuphunzitsa galu wake kuti alankhule.
- Pokhala munthu wachipembedzo chozama, Alexander ims imlu amakhulupirira moona mtima kuti kupanga kwake - foni - ithandiza kulumikizana ndi miyoyo ya akufa.
- Woyambitsa foni sanatchule mayi ake ndi mkazi wake: onse anali ogontha.
Zoyambitsa
- 1858 - makina a tirigu
- 1874 - Fordoogram
- 1876 - Foni
- 1879 - Audiometer
- 1880 - Photophone
- 1881 - Wotchinga wachitsulo, pompom
- 1901 - Pyramidial njoka
- 1909 - Ndege "zankhondo"
- 1919 - Boti pa mapiko apansi pamadzi HD-4