Chiphunzitso
Georges Charles Dantes, Fanny Kaplan, Mark Chepman, Lee Harvey Oswald - kulowa mbiri ya dziko lapansi, anthu awa zofunika okha kupha munthu wina - kwambiri wotchuka. Msipanishi Khaima Ramon Mercider Del Rio sanali kuyambitsa njinga napita njira yomweyo.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Ramon anabadwa mu mzinda Spanish wa Barcelona, ku banja la Chikatalani Paou Merkader, mwini wake wa fakitale nsalu ndi sitima magnate, ndi mkazi wake Cuba Karidad Del Rio. mwambo umenewu zinachitika pa February 7, 1913. Patapita zaka zisanu, mwana wina anaonekera m'banja - mwana wa Mariya, amene anadzakhala Ammayi ndi mkazi wa bwana Vittorio Domiriki de A Sika.
Kwa nthawi yaitali, banja ankakhala likulu la France Komabe, wasiya Ramon ndi Pau mu 1925, Ramon, pamodzi ndi mayi ake ndi mlongo, tinabwerera ku Barcelona, kumene anapitiriza maphunziro ake. Mu zaka wophunzira, mnyamata mercadener anali membala wa utsogoleri wa Barcelona Organization Communist, wopangidwa makamaka achinyamata. Kenako, munthu adatsutsika ichi - chilango anali m'ndende miyezi itatu ku Valencia.
Pasanapite nthawi kuchokera amasulidwe Ramon, Ramon Muzikonza analowa m'gulu la Republicans nawo Civil nkhondo World ku Spain (1936-1939). Iye anali Commissioner wa brigade makumi awiri ndi chiwiri amene anamenya pa Aragon Front. Anavulala ndipo anagonekedwa m'chipatala.
Service mu NKVD
Chikadzangotha Ramon anachira pambuyo zoipa, iwo ankachita ogwira ntchito Commissariat of zochitika mkati mwa USSR. Iwo akhala akuonera munthuyo, kuganizira mofatsa ndi kupeza kuthekera. Thandizo yosankha Merkader mayi ake Caridad, amene ngakhale asanabadwe mwana anakhala nthumwi Soviet kunja.
Mu 1937, Ramon Merkder (amatchedwanso Ramon Ivanovich Lopez) kale anaonekera mu zolembedwa mkati mwa chitetezo boma ndi kutumidwa commissariat.
Kudutsa ndi "njira ya womenya wamng'ono" Merkader anayamba kukonzekera ntchito yake yoyamba - kuthetsa chosintha Mkango Trotsky, amene, monga utsogoleri wa Party Communist ankakhulupirira wompereka kuti Marxism ndi adani oipa a anthu Soviet.
kupha Trotsky
Lieba Bronstein, ndi imadziwika Lev Davidovich Trotsky, kwa zaka oyambirira anatsogolera ntchito yogwira chosintha, umene kangapo pansi links. Mu 1917, Trotsky ngakhale anali akuchita mtsogoleri wa Bolsheviks, pamene Vladimir Lenin anali kubisala mu Finland. Ndipotu, Lev Davidovich anali mtsogoleri wa October kuukira boma.
Mu 1918, trotsky imakhala commars ya anthu, kenako imayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu - chiwerengero cha ntchitoyi chimagwera kumayambiriro kwa nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Chifukwa cha maluso omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Luka David David Daviovich, amasamalira adani ake kumaso kwa Gregory Zamenev ndi Joseph Stalin.
Pambuyo pa kufa kwa Lenin, kutha kwa vuto la kuwonongeka kwa intravalwavalwavalvivalvieve ndi kubwera ku mutu wa State Stalin, Trotsky ayenera kusiya USSR. Ngati sikudali kwa kutulutsidwa mu 1936 mabuku a "Kukwera okhulupirika", ndiye kuti zonse okha, koma bukhu linasindikizidwa, ndi Gosbea Guide analandira kuti kupha Trotsky.
Kuyesa koyamba kunachitika ndi gululi motsogozedwa ndi aluso a José Sicairos sanachoke, utsogoleri wa NKVD anakafika pokonzekera kukonzekera merkader wotsatira.
Cutor wa Ramon adapanga wamkulu wa Naum eyamu ya Eitnigon. Popeza anali kugwira ntchito mokwanira, achifundo pansi pa dzina la wogulitsa waku Canada a Frank Jackson amapita ku United States. Ku New York, pansi pa Dzina latsopano, Jacques Morrard Ramon akutuluka pa Silvia Anooshoff - pafupifupi ipotky.
Mu Okutobala 1939, Jacques adasamukira ku Mexico pa ntchito za ntchito, komwe kungoyambira nthawi ino. Posakhalitsa, Morra aitanitsa Silvia kwa iyemwini, akunena kuti amasowa mtsikanayo. Ndiyamika Ageloff mu March 1940, Merkader Montrar chimabwerabe pa mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi Trotsky. A Ramo Amathamangitsa Mkango Danooovoch podzipereka kwake ku mawonedwe a Trothkism, komanso kukonzekera kwa ndalama kuti athandize kukhazikitsa mapulani.
Pa Ogasiti 20, chaka chomwecho, Merkaster afika ku Villa Tviotsy kuti akauze kuwerenga mungotero ndikumvetsera malingaliro a Leo David David David David David Daviovich. Malinga ndi pulaniyo, Ramon adapangana mu NKVD ayenera kuyika zobisika pansi pa chovala cha icecock (chilichonse chidakonzedwa kuti chipangidwe), kenako ndikupita kukakamba nkhani pafupi ndi makina a Villa. Kubisala ku Mexico ndi amayi ake ndi Eitigon.
Koma zonse zidalakwika pomwe Trotsky sanataye mtima atagunda kumbuyo kwa mutu, koma kupulumutsidwa. Merkder adasokonezeka, adadziwa yekha ndipo patapita kanthawi adagwidwa ndikuligwiritsa ntchito m'chipindacho. Ramona adamenyedwa ndikuyitanidwa apolisi. Naum Eitigon anazindikira kuti china chake chalakwika, ndipo mayi wa Merkado adachotsa. Usiku womwewo adachoka mdzikolo. Trotsky anamwalira tsiku lotsatira.
Merkader anaweruzidwa. Pa bwalo, Ramon anayesera kubweretsa kwa madzi abwino, koma ananena kuti iye anali Jacques Monrair - wosungulumwa ogwetsana amene akufuna kuchita chakuti kubwezera kupha Trotsky. Iye sanafooke choonadi ngakhale akukumana m'ndende wozunzikirapo. Chifukwa, bwalo Mexico anaweruzidwa munthu ndi zaka 20 m'ndende, ndipo Merkader kunditumiza ku bungwe m'ndende ndi boma lililonse limatisokoneza. Real dzina Ramon Mexico tinapeza zaka 6 zokha ina.
Merkder anatumikira mu ndende nthawi zonse. Pa May 6, 1960, anamasulidwa. wothandizila Soviet anapulumutsa Ramon oyamba Cuba, ndiyeno USSR.
Pa May 31, chaka chomwecho analandira udindo wa Hero wa Soviet Union, komanso dongosolo la Lenin ndi "Golden Star" Mendulo, amene akumuyembekezera kwa June 6, 1941 (ndiye Stalin anasaina pempho la Lavrenting Beria kuti lipereke ophunzira za ntchito bwinobwino imachitika kuthetsa Trotsky). Komanso, Ramon analandira zinayi chipinda nyumba Moscow pa Leningrad Chiyembekezo (Suli kutali ndi Leningrad ndi Volokolamsk khwalala) ndi kanyumba mu PGT. Kratto.
Mwalamulo, Ramon koyamba akuoneni wantchito wa Institute of Marxism-Leninism, ndiyeno wantchito wa Russian boma Archive wa mbiri umoyo ndale. Pali maganizo chivundikiro uyu, ndipo mfundo Mercider anakhala wantchito wa KGB.
Moyo Wanu
Ramon Mercider anakwatiwa kawiri. Woyamba mkazi - Elena Imbert, - sanayembekezere iye m'ndende - anamwalira mu Moscow mu 1942.
The mkazi wachiwiri wa Ramon anakhala dzina Indian dzina lake Raquel (Rachel) Mendoza, amene ankagwira ntchito namwino mu ndende, yomwe Mercider anali atakhala. Mtsikanayo atatsamira iye pambuyo mtengo pafupi ndi ubale struned pakati pawo. Pamene Ramon anatulutsidwa anamutenga iye naye Soviet Union. Mu USSR, Raquel anakhala munthu wodziŵa kulankhula mu kope Spanish ya Radio Moscow.
Imfa
Cha m'ma makumi asanu ndi awiri a atumwi wotsiriza, Merkaster pa kuyitana patokha Fidel Castro anasamukira ku Cuba kukwaniritsa ntchito ya mlangizi wa ya unduna okhonda.
October 18, 1978 mu Havana Ramon anamwalira ndi Sarcoma. unachita kutenthedwa wake, ndi fumbi kuwapititsa ku Moscow, ndi kumuika pa Kuntsevsky manda pansi pa dzina la Ramon Ivanovich Lopez. chipilala A ndi chithunzi Merkader anaikidwa pa manda.
Kukumbuka
The maliboni otsatirawa kuchotsedwa limanena pa moyo Ramon akuti:
- 1972 - "Nkhondo Trotsky" Joseph Lowie ndi Alain Delon, Richard Burton ndi Romi Schneider.
- 1993 - "Trotsky" Leonid Maryagin ndi Viktor Sergachev ndi Vyacheslav Razzhegayev.
- 2002 - Frida Julie Taymore ndi Solma Hayek, Alfred Molina ndi Jeffrey Raster.
- 2009 - Troatsky Yakobo Tarnney ndi Lenan Balaban, komanso Jeide ndi Taylor Baruchel.
- 2011 - "Nkhondo: Mkazi pansi pa mtengo wa" wonenepa "Argiscas wokhala ndi safteo ndi Antonio Span Spacerra ndi Antonio.
- 2016 - "Wosankhidwa" Antonio Mavarmarias ndi Alfonso Errero, Khanna Murray ndi Julian Sangansi.
- 2017 - "Trotsky" Alexander Kotta ndi konstantin syskyky khgeensky, evgeny skykanyov ndi sergey garmash.