Chiphunzitso
Phwando labwino kwambiri komanso munthu wamkulu. Mwana wamwamuna wa anthu ake. Patriot ndi wokonda zapadziko lonse. Oyimira m'badwo wachikulire amakumbukiridwa bwino, mogwirizana ndi omwe adawauza kufunafuna mawu oterewa. Anthu ambiri amaganiza choncho, ndipo sanakakamizidwe, koma kuchokera pansi pamtima. Izi zidakali pano ku Vietnam ku mutu wawo woyamba wa Ho Chini mini. Pa nthawi ya ziyenera a munthu uyu, anasintha kuchokera mulungu kwa kazitape, koma n'zovuta kukana kuti Ho Chi Min ndi chidwi player m'bwalolo ndale zaka mazana makumi awiri.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Bizinesi ya Mtsogoleri wakudziyimira pawokha wa Vietnam idayamba mu Meyi 1890 m'mudzi wa Tua (pazidziwitso zina - m'chigawo cha Ngean Central Central Vietnam. Pambuyo pobadwa, makolo anachititsidwa khungu ndi mwana wamwamuna Nguyen Basin Kung. Ho chi mphindi ndi amodzi mwa ma pseudonym omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pake. Abambo a Nguyen Shin Shak adalera ana atatu (Basin Kung anali ndi m'bale ndi mlongo), amayi a Honge To Ngongole adamwalira asanabadwe mwana wachinayi. Banjali lidawerengedwa kuti ndi chuma chambiri, ndipo mlengalenga m'nyumba idayamba kupulumutsa.
Popeza m'madera a Asia, maina si ababy monga, koma ndi tanthauzo, kufika zaka ambiri, mnyamatayo anatenga dzina la Nguyen Tat Than, kutanthauza "triumphator". Chifukwa cha abambo omwe adatumikira ku Khothi la Emperor, mnyamatayo anali kuyembekezera kuti akhale ndi chiyembekezo.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, Nguyen idachitikira ku National College mu mzinda wa Hue, adagwira ntchito ngati mphunzitsi wa French ndi Vietnamese. Koma kuyambira ndili mwana, lingaliro la kumasulidwa kuchokera ku ulamuliro wa ku France lidalimidwa mmenemo (kuyambira theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 1800, Vietnam adakumana ndi kutengeka kolumikizidwa pakati pa maselo ogwirizana zomwe zidayamba kuwonekera.
Mu 1911, wachinyamata anakhazikika pa sitima yogula pafupi ndi woyendetsa sitimayo ndipo adapita ku Europe. Amayi kuona Ho Chindi Mini patatha zaka 30. Munthawi imeneyi, ndinapita ku France, China, USA, UK, Italy, ndipo, inde, USSR. Inayima pa magwero a chipani chachikomyunizimu cha France ndi mgwirizano. Kuchita nawo ntchito za mkungudza.
Atapita ku Soviet Union, pomaliza atakhala ndi malingaliro achikomyunizimu, anali ophunzira ku yunivesite ya chikomyunizimu ya ogwira ntchito chakum'mawa. Ho chiph nthawi zambiri amabwera ku Ussr ngati mutu wa Vietnam, adalandira dongosolo la Lenin. Andale adalankhula zolimbitsa mtima komanso kukulitsa maubale pakati pa anthu awiri.
Ndale ndi Mphamvu
Monga chithunzi andale a Ho chinayamba mu 1919, pamene mawu za makonzedwe a ufulu kwa anthu a Indochina. Mu France, analemba nkhani pansi pa dzina la Nguyeni Ai Koque, anali kutchulidwa kalembera wa French asilikali kumanzere, nawo misonkhano ndi misonkhano. Kukhala emigration, ogwirizana 3 mabungwe anamwazikana ndipo anapanga Vietnamese Communist Party, kenako inakula mu gawo chikominisi cha Indochina.
Mu makumi iye ankagwira ntchito pa kazembe Soviet mu Canton Chinese. Pansi pseudonym, kaya Quysu nthawi imeneyi anayambitsa mgwirizano wa achinyamata chosintha la Vietnam ndi komiti yapadera yophunzitsa Political. Kubisalira kumangidwa ku Cambodia, Hong Kong, Siam. Pa nthawi imeneyo, anatenga dzina wotchuka - Ho Chi Minh (enlightener).
Ntchito Comintern mu 1934-1938 ndi kuphunzira mu Moscow kuti kwambiri anatsindika kukwezedwa kwa Hosch Mini monga mtsogoleri, chifukwa mu Saigon, pafupifupi pamwamba lonse la Communist Party Indochina anamangidwa. Mu 40s ndi Zinali zoonekeratu kuti reanimate anthu kumasulidwa kayendedwe simungathe wina aliyense ngati Ho Chi Minh.
M'zigawo kumpoto kwa Vietnam, maphunziro a ndale atsogoleri a detachments olimbanawo ndi militias anayamba kutsegula, kumene zikalata ndi zipangizo za Communist Communist Party Soviet Union anali kuphunzira. Kuti lithandize anthu ophweka, detachments a alangizi amene anachititsa ntchito ofotokozera za kufunika kugalukira ndi zinalengedwa. Mu 1942, nyuzipepala "Chabwino wa Kumasuka" anayamba kufalitsa - thupi la Committee chapakati cha CPIK.
Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World ndipo ntchito Japanese, anakhazikitsa League of Kulimbana kwa ufulu wa Vietmin. League kwa nthawi yaitali anathandiza kugona ndi ulamuliro Romintan ndi American misonkhano yapadera. Pambuyo agonje kwa Japan ndi renunciation mfumu ya Vietnam Bao, anapereka Mphamvu kuchokera kumpando wachifumu ndi Vietmin, ndi Ho Shi Min anakhala mutu wa boma la Republic Democratic Vietnam.
Motsogozedwa wake, dziko lasintha: msonkho waukulu zimafika, konsekonse malamulo woyenera wakhala anayambitsa, makomiti wowerengeka zinalengedwa - prototypes a m'dera wodzilamulira. Komano, chiphunzitso cha Ho Chi Mina anali ulamuliro chikominisi "ndi nkhope Asian", ndi pamaso pa madera ntchito, lolimba chilango, okwana kulamulira kwa nzika zonse. CPIK inasanduka chitetezo chachikulu cha boma latsopano.
Asalole popanda kupikisana yogwira (nthawizina thupi) kuchotsa ndale, nkhondo yolimbana "oukira" ndi "reactionaries", "kukonza" mizere phwando. Kuyambira 1950s, ndi alangizi Chinese anaonekera mu dziko ndi zotsatira zake zonse zotsatira. Kenako, kupondereza ndi nkhanza anali bwinobwino kunam'sintha kuti kulimbikira mfuti asilikali a ku France.
Anayesetsa zamtendere wa Ho Chi Minh, asilikali achilendo anakhalabe pa dera la Vietnam. Mayiko ena sanafune kulimbana ndi France ndi kuthetsa nkhani ya kumasulidwa wathunthu wa njuchi ake. M'malo mwake, America ndi England anathandiza French Army Finance luso, usilikali Alangizi.
Ho Chi Min anapempha thandizo ku Soviet Union ndi China ndi iwo, ndipo izi ngakhale kuti m'mayiko amenewa sanali konse mu mgwirizano. Mu dziko ndi asilikali French, ndi yogwira ntchito lankhondo la Vietnam, amene amadziwika mu mbiri woyamba Indochinese nkhondo anali zinachitika.
The nkhondoyo inatha mu 1954, France anazindikira kugonjetsedwa kwake ndi ufulu wa Vietnam. Koma dziko unasweka pawiri. Kumpoto walunjika Ho Chi Minh, ndi South-South Pastener la US Policy NGO Din Zy.
Udindo wa Nduna ya Vietnam kumpoto Ho inali mpaka mu 1955, chaka chino anakhala pulezidenti wa kumpoto Vietnam. nthawi zonse izi, anapereka thandizo mosalekeza kwa South Vietnamese National Kumasuka Front. Ndipo mu 1960 iye anali osankhidwa tcheyamani wa Komiti Central, PTV.
dziko lawo kum'mwera Vietnam a sanafune kupirira boma chidole ndipo anapita kunkhalango. The North sanakhale opanda chidwi amatsata ndipo anayamba kumanga njira zolankhulirana, amene anakaniza kukana. The yocheza izi misewu kwambiri inadzisintha, milatho dzina la "Ho Chi Mina" njira ankatchedwa.
Mu 1961, kutumiza osiyana njira linatsegulidwa, wotchedwa Ho Chi Zanga njira pa nyanja. Iye mwapadera analenga zombo. Pomaliza pake, "njira" anakhala mmodzi wa mafungulo ku chigonjetso ozimitsa Vietnamese mu nkhondo omangika kwa zaka makumi awiri.
Kuyambira mu 1965, pambuyo kulolerana yogwira wa United States mu maudani ndi kudzawomba chachiwiri Indochinese nkhondo (more kudziwika monga Nkhondo Vietnam), Ho Chi Minh anakana zokambirana aliyense wotere. Iye anakhala munthu za nkhondo ya mayiko atsamunda kwa kukhalanso, kayendedwe kumasulidwa dziko zaka mazana makumi awiri.
Moyo Wanu
Mu mudziwe maganizo, Ho Chi Minh atakwatirana ndi munthu obstetric zzen Xuemin (mu Vietnamese Tang Ming Tang Mil), China mwa dziko. Banjalo odukaduka pamene kunachitika anathawa kuchoka ku China pothawa boma la Chan Kaishi. Komabe, kuli mkazi uyu ali anakana ndi akuluakulu Vietnamese, zikuoneka, mu kufuna kusungabe nthano za kudzipereka kwathunthu kwa zolinga mtsogoleri wa anthu a zisinthe.
anthu kulemekeza Ho Chi Mina kwa zapadera kudzichepetsa. Kukhala mumphamvu, pulezidenti sanapereke chuma payekha, wodzichepetsa anakhalabe chakudya ndi zovala. Kukana kwa Mwanaalirenji Palace ngongole monga mutu wa boma, Ho Chi Minh anamanga nyumba yake pa milu kumbuyo kwake. Ngati uweruza chithunzi, okhala anali wokonda moyo wodzimana. nyumba akulowa gulu loyimba kamangidwe ka Mausoleum.
Pulezidenti woyamba wa kumpoto Vietnam wa zolembalemba Dara sanali asalandidwe. Adakali m'ndende Chinese, pamene iye anali pa mlandu espionage mu 1942, iye analemba mkombero ndakatulo "Prison tsikulo". Pamafunikanso 100 ndakatulo. Mu nkhani, essays, ndi zokamba za Ho Chi Mini yokutidwa nkhani ya ogwira ntchito ndi dziko kayendedwe kumasulidwa, ulimi Vietnamese, kucheza ndi dziko ndi ntchito yomanga anthu zokomera.
Imfa
pangano pa achire wa asilikali Vietnam yosainidwa ku Paris mu 1973. Ho Shea Mini sizinachitike kuona zipatso za kulimbana otsutsana. Mtsogoleri wa ulimi Vietnamese mu September 1969 anamwalira. Za imfa yake lipoti kokha tsiku lotsatira, kuti si sanachitire holide dziko - wodzilamulira Tsiku. thupi nkhawa mothandizidwa ndi akatswiri Soviet ndi njira zonse anayesera kumuteteza mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhondo.
Iye sanali akwaniritse chifuniro chake chatha za wodzichepetsa maliro: mutsogoleli wadziko linkakhala mu manda otchuka mu Badinn Square mu Hanoi. mausoleum Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa malo anafika ku Vietnam.
Kukumbuka
- Popeza 1969, dzina Ho Chi Mina amavala mbali Moscow. Mu 1990, chipilala kuti Ho Chi wanga anaikidwa kumeneko.
- Mu 1976th Capital la South Vietnam - Saigon - analandira dzina latsopano - Ho Chi Minh.
- Mu 1979, kutsegula kwa Museum wa Museum wa Vietnamese Communist Museum zinachitika mu Ho Chi Minh City.
- Luso amene anaika mu Ulyanovsk, St. Petersburg, Buenos Aires, chikwangwani cha chikumbutso Vladivostok.
- Chithunzi cha mutu wa Republic chimasonyeza banknotes Vietnamese.
- Dzina la mtsogoleri Vietnamese anali kupereka ndi steamat ya Far East sitima Kutumiza Company ndi sitima magetsi ya Far East Railway.
- zithunzi zambiri za onse Ho Mina ndi zokopa kuti dzina lake akapatsidwa ali mwayi lotseguka pa Intaneti.