Chiphunzitso
Mtolankhani, mtolankhani wa Nikolai Novikov adalemba nkhaniyi pokhapokha ngati woyambitsa matchulidwe, komanso monga m'modzi mwa akaidi oyamba ku Russia. Kumangidwa kwake kunachitika munthawi ya Heil of the talente ndi kufalitsa ntchito. Komabe atachoka kundende ya Novikov, sizingatheke kuyambiranso ntchito, kuti adakwanitsa kulemba, kuti m'badwo wonse wa mbadwa womwe udamuthokoza.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Nikolai Ivanovich Novikov adabadwira m'chigawo cha ku Moscow, ku Tikhvinsky-apulo 8) a 1744 a 1744. Anachokera ku banja labwino, abambo ake anali msilikali wopuma pantchito. Kuphunzitsa kwa mnyamatayo kunaphunzitsanso chinyengo cha m'mudzimo, kenako Nicholas adapatsidwa kwa wochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Mnyamatayo anaphunzira kumeneko zaka 5 ndipo sanatimangidwe chifukwa cha ulesi ndi akatswiri.
Kubwerera kwa makolowo ndikukhala nawo kwa zaka zina ziwiri, adapita kukagwira ntchito ku Izmailtovy Symments, komwe kunawalembera. Ntchito yankhondo zinali zopambana, Novikov posachedwapa atulutsa mosadulidwa, koma iye yekha anazindikira kuti mzimu wake ugona wankhondo, koma ku sayansi ndi bizinesi ya mabuku. Pofika nthawi imeneyi, zoyesa zake zoyambirira kulemba. Nikolai adatulutsa nkhani ziwiri, kumasulira kwa French, ndi Sounnet.
Mu 1767, Novikova adalangiza ntchitoyi mu Commission, yomwe idapanga malamulo a "nambala yatsopano". Anali m'gulu la achichepere omwe amayenera kutsogolera mphindi zamisonkhano. Icho chinali chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pansi pa ntchito ya Catherine II, ndipo kuphatikizidwa mu Commission yomwe yadziwika ndi "wolemekezeka" wake ndi luso. "
Kumeneko, Nikolai Ivanovich adatha kuwona kwambiri zovuta za moyo waku Russia zamakono, zomwe zidakhazikitsa maziko a kawonedwe kake ka maphunziro. A Sressress adawona kuti sitswiri wachinyamata waluso, kotero ngakhale matembenuzidwe a izmaimavsky ku Muromsky Novikov adakhalabe pantchito.
Mlauni ndi Kusindikiza
Kuchokera pa ntchitoyi adawombera mu 1769. Kuphatikiza kwa "Zowoneka" zidamalizidwa, ndipo Nikolai Ivanovich adasamukira ku Condire. Mu chaka chomwecho, magazini yotchuka "Clue" imayamba kufalitsidwa.
Pamunsi pake, odzipereka a Novikov adalandira chilolezo chochokera ku homress, komabe, adatsogolera kwake, sichingakulemberere zofuna za dziko lolamulira. Katherine II adalimbikitsa ofalitsa magazini amenewa kuti "asavumbulutse zoyipa, koma osati anthu" (omwe anali pafupi ndi nthabwala, kuposa ku Satori), koma Novikov adalimbana ndi kutsutsa kopanda chinyengo. "Drone" Epigraph adakhala mzere wotengedwa kuchokera ku Baruna Sumarokav:
"Amagwira ntchito, ndipo inu ndinu ntchito yawo."Mawuwo adapempha mamvekedwe a kufafaniza mabuku onse m'bukuli, chinali chopota chotseguka cha maoda omwe alipo kuwonetsa kuti akuwonetsa kuti akuda. Novikov adapanga makalata onse a zithunzi zabodza - adyera, chomata, malo osokoneza bongo a malo ogulitsira komanso omwe adalemba mawu a Pravaddnovov, omwe khumi ndi adalemba adalemba mabuku aboma. Aliyense amene amawerenga "Valolu" angaonetsetse kuti palibe chilungamo mu ufumu wa Russia, kapena lamulo.
Nikolai Ivanovich adalandira chidwi chapadera lingaliro losunga chikhalidwe cha dziko la Russia, kuyankhula kwambiri motsutsana ndi "miyambo" yaku Russia komanso ku France. Nthawi yomweyo, cholinga chake chachikulu chinali Serfdom: mothandizidwa ndi manambala ndi zowona, adapaka chithunzi chosavuta cha tsoka ndi moyo, zopanda ntchito komanso kusadedwa.
Ekaterina II, Zachidziwikire, adayesetsa kuletsa izi posachedwa. Polephera kukhala ndi iye pamtunda wofanana, iye amangogwiritsa ntchito mwayi kwa akuluakulu aboma komanso dongosolo lapadera mu 1770 adatsekedwa magaziniyo. Sanasiye Novikov, koma adamkakamiza kuti asamale. Anakhala mkonzi wa magazini enanso ambiri. "Pussispespel", "chikwama", "chikwama", ngakhale "adanyalanyazabe munthu wotsutsa, koma kamvekedwe ka zofalitsa zidasinthidwa ndi anzeru kwambiri.
"Cwitl" adakumana ndi tsokali la "Drone", koma "wobcheza" ndi otsatira ake adatha kugwira nthawi yayitali. M'mabuku atsopano a Novikov, eni nyumba akadali olumala, koma sanapite kukakumana ndi zilako lako. Zingakhale zolondola kwambiri kuyitanitsa udindo wake wandale.
Ntchito yakuwunikira zinakhala chiyambi cha gawo losiyana kwambiri muutoto waku Russia. Linali mtundu watsopano wa Satire, wokhala ndi maluso atsopano a zenizeni, kulimba mtima komanso kusakhazikika. Kuchokera ku njira zakale, zimayesedwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kukhalapo kwa zithunzi zamawu.
Mu 1774, Nikolai Ivanovich adasiya ntchito ndikudzipereka kuti agwire ntchito zolemba. Pambuyo pa zaka zitatu, adakhala woyambitsa magazini "Kuwala" m'mawa, kunapangitsa kuti asindikizidwe ku Russia. Pang'onopang'ono, wofalitsayo adachoka ku Satain ndikutembenukira kukachita maphunziro, akusintha mawu onenedwa kukhala anzeru mwamakhalidwe abwino.
Mu 1779, Novikov idasamukira ku Moscow ndikuyamba kufalitsa chithunzi cha "Mosmon verdosti", nyuzipepala yomwe idapangidwa pa zitsanzo za ku Europe, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi nkhani zowunikira. M'malo mwa "Kuwala Kwa M'mawa", magazini "magazi ku Moscow" Posachedwa "Posakhalitsa unayamba kusindikizidwa, ndipo vebodositi adapeza ntchito kuchokera ku zolemba zomwe zasankhidwa. Pambuyo pake, a Nikolai Ivanovich adayamba kupanga madera apadera "kuwerenga kwa ana", "malo ogulitsira la ndalama", "ku Library kuchimbudzulo" kulikonse kuchititsa pulogalamu yake yophunzitsira.
Omanga
Atasamukira ku likulu, abwenzi a Nikolai Ivanovich adadziwitsa gulu lankhondo la Manzic, lomwe pambuyo pake lidakhala mfundo yofunika kwambiri ya mbiri yake. Kuyitanira kwa magulu a Maonic, adalandiranso mu 1775, koma kwa nthawi yayitali, osamvetsetsa ziphunzitso ndi malingaliro ndipo safuna kucheza naye ku lumbiro laling'ono.
Komabe, masys ankafuna kuti apezeke kwa iwontho ndipo ngakhale kale anamuuza za zomwe zili patsamba 3 zoyambirira, zomwe zimatsutsana ndi malamulo omwe alipo. Mapeto ake, Novikov anavomera, koma posakhalitsa anasamuka ku Elagininkaya dongosolo kwa kuphatikiza, pomwe ophunzirawo anali wokonda zodzidziwitsa komanso zamakhalidwe.
Moyo Wanu
Panalibe nthawi yokhala ndi moyo wa wolemba, komanso kufuna kukhala ndi nthawi yocheza nawo. Ndi mkazi wamtsogolo wa Novikov adakumana mnyumba ya mnzake wakale Nikolai Trubersky. Alexandra Egorovna Rimskaya-Korsakov anali ndi mwini nyumbayo ku Niece. Ukwatiwu udatha msanga, koma sanali osangalala kwambiri, chifukwa kunalibe chikondi pakati pa okwatirana. Mu 1791, Alesandro adamwalira, nasiya Nicholas Ivanovich ana atatu.
Ana onse a banjali adavutika ndi Padthea (khunyu). Adatseguka ndi ana onse nthawi imodzi pambuyo pofufuza kwina, pomwe a Hurshars adaphulika pakati pa nyumba ndikutenga Atate ndikutenga Atate.
Imfa
Podzafika 1772, wofalitsa wosapupuluma pomwe pomwe pomwe pomwe pomwe pomwe pomwe pomwe pomwe pomwe pomwe pomwe pomwe adatopa kukhala otetezeka achi Catherine II. Zonsezi zinayamba ndi chiletso chomenyera nyumba yosindikiza, kutsekedwa kwa wofalitsayo ndi kusaka m'mbalo za Novikov ", kenako panali machesi mu linga la Shlisburg.
Pambuyo 4 zaka, Paulo ndidamasula wasayansi, koma adaletsa kusindikizidwa ndikuchita nawo zochitika zosangalatsa. Pambuyo pake, udindo wa Nikolai Ivanovich sunasinthe, ndipo pang'onopang'ono za iye, woletsedwa ufulu wovota, adayamba kuiwala.
Akapulumutsidwe ku linga, wofalitsa wonenepa anadziwitsidwa za nkhani zoyipazi: Ali m'ndende, malo onse omwe anali nawo adagulitsidwa ku malonda. Mothandizidwa ndi abwenzi ndi makalata ambiri omwe adalemba kwa Novikov adabweza kugulitsa ma avdotino, koma nyumbazo zinali m'malo olakwika kotero kuti ndalama zonse zotsala ndi magulu ankhondo zimabwezeretsedwa.
Ngomu zazikulu zidapangidwa, ndipo kubweza kwa wolemba kunali kubweza ngongole kwanyumba. Chaka chilichonse mu Disembala adayenera kutsitsa kuchuluka kwake ndipo nthawi zonse amakhala oopa kuti katunduyo apita ndi nyundo.
1817 Kutulutsidwa kwa Novikov makamaka kovuta - Ngongole idatha kulipira pa nthawi yomaliza. Kuchokera pakusangalala kwakukulu, adagonjetsedwa ndi sitiroko, limodzi ndi kuwonongeka ndikukhala July 31 (August 12) of 1818 chifukwa cha imfa.
A Nikolai ivanovich, banja lake lidakhalabe ndi mavuto omvetsa chisoni. Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin adaperekanso mfumuyo, komwe iye anali womwalirayo mu bizinesi yaku Russia, koma a Alexander Ndinakana, ndipo nyumbayo idagulitsidwa pamalonda aboma.