Chiphunzitso
Thomas Akvinsky ndiye wafilosofi wachipembedzo kwambiri, yemwe adakwanitsa kucheza ndi zikhulupiriro zachikristu ndi malingaliro. Mlendo wa munthuyo adadzakhala wachidule, koma adadzaza ndi malingaliro anzeru, machitidwe ofunikira (mwachitsanzo, "kuchuluka kwa" ziphunzitso zaumulungu, zozizwitsa zaumulungu), zozizwitsa zaumulungu, zozizwitsa zauzimu. Kupambana kwakukulu kwa woganiza ku Italy ndikusintha kwa umboni 5 wa kukhalako kwa Mulungu.Chifuniro chamulungu
Thomas Aquinas, kapena Thomas (Thomas) a Aqunat, adabadwa mwakuwa pa Januware 25, 1225 mu mzinda wa Aqualy wa Aquino wa Aqualy wa Aquino (dera la Lazio), m'nduna ya Rozio), m'nduna ya Rozio. Abambo a Lam LandLellf Aqunas adagwira ntchito ngati knight ku King Roger II, ndi Theodore, amayi Neapolitank, adatenga ana asanu ndi awiri.
Pamene ana aamuna achikulire, makolowo anasankhidwa chifukwa cha Tomasi njira ya a Sinayi, Mbale Landlf, yemwe ankakhala ngati Abbot Montekassine. Ali ndi zaka 5, mnyamatayo anali mu nyumba ya ampangle, mu 1239 - ku yunivesite ya Naples. Apa, Thomas Aquinas adakumana ndi Aristotle, azamulungu azamulungu achiyuda, a Arabi a Arab Absosopher a Arabher arveropher, omwe malingaliro awo adasonkhezera ziphunzitso za Chitaliyana.
Zaka 19, wafilosofi wachinyamatayo adaganiza zogwirizana ndi dongosolo la Akatolika la abale atolika. Bambo Aarinas inali yotsutsana ndi lingaliro ili. Popewa kulowererapo, Katalimu m'tsogolo kwa mwana wamwamuna, mamembala adongosolo adayesa kubisa woganiza ku Roma, koma panjira yomwe adagwira abale awo.
Makolowo akuyesera kuti mwana wake asiye kulowa nawo gawo la momest, wazaka 2 adamulepheretsa kukamangidwa. Amanenedwa kuti tsiku lina abale adatsogolera mzimayi pagulu "kundende kuti awononge lumbiro la kusakwatira. A Aquinas Aquinas adadziteteza ku iye otentha.
Chipambano cha mnyamata pamayeserowo chimagwidwa pojambulira Diego Volalasque "kuyesedwa kwa St. Thomas Aquansky." Pa ku Cavase akuwonetsa atatopa, atavala zovala za ku Modestor, yemwe akukumbatira mngelo. Mthenga wina wakumwamba ali m'mbuyo, ndipo chifukwa cha phewa lake ndi mkazi wodabwitsa. Pansi, kumapazi a woganiza, chambiri wagona.
Lumbira la kusakwatira, iye wafilosefi wosungidwa mpaka imfa, moyo wamunthu wamunthu wofala wa Thomas Akvinsky amakonda Sukulu. Iye analibe akazi ake ndi ana.
Kuzindikira kuti ntchito sizikubweretsa zotsatira, mu 1244 Theodore adakonza zothawa kwa a Thomas koyamba ku Namles, kenako ku Roma, komwe Filosofi, adalowa m'gulu lankhondo.
Mu 1245, mnyamatayo adalowa ku Yunivesite ya Paris, mlangizi wake anali wazamulungu Albert wamkulu. Chifukwa cha kutsegula ndi kudzichepetsa kwambiri ngakhale kwa Monk, ophunzira anzanga amasenda ndi ng'ombe ya Sicial wa Sicials. Poyankha Risetule Albert, wamkulu adati mawu aulosi:
"Umutcha ng'ombe yamchete, koma malingaliro ake akadafunsidwa mofuula kuti dziko lapansi lizidabwitsidwa."Kutsatira mphunzitsiyo, patatha zaka zitatu, Tomasi adapita ku Cologne, komwe adalongosola malamulo a Chipangano Chakale. Mu 1252 adabwerera ku Paris kuti akapeze kuchuluka kwa zamulungu. Kuti zitheke ziphunzitso zisanachitike zaka 4, wafilosofi adapangidwa kuti akhale wolamulira wa paris pa Paris, mu 1268th Thomas adatenganso izi.
Thomas Aquinas adasiya zojambula m'mbiri ya Tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika: mu 1261, Papa Urbay IV adalamula wafilosofi wa tchuthi chatsopano cha Thupi ndi Magazi a Kristu atsopano. "Pangetingu Chiwalo", "Turum Ergo" ndi "Panis Mzungu" Amachitika lero.
Mu 1265, Mpingo unabweranso kwa Thomas kuti athandizire: bambo wotsatira wa Chiroma, Clement IV inapereka Italiya ku Bogoslov.
Mu 1272, kusiya malo olembedwa ku yunivesite ya Paris, Thomas Akvinsky adasamukira ku Naples, komwe adawalalikira anthu. Ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi, woganiza amalandaulira Mulungu. Nthano ikunena kuti pambuyo poti mamawa misa ku Dominican a Dominican a Spoles a Napeles, m'chipembedzo cha St. Nchicolas, Tomasi adamva mawu a Khristu:
"Munandifotokozera bwino, Thomas. Ndi mphotho iti yomwe mukufuna ntchito yanu? "Thomas adayankha:
"Palibe koma Inu, Ambuye."Kuunikiridwanso kwina kunachitika mu Disembala 1273, pamene mu Ulaliki wa anghorky unayamba kusuta fodya. Anakana kupitiliza ntchito yake yayikulu kwambiri, yomwe pambuyo pake imatchedwa "kuchuluka kwa zamulungu". Pambuyo popuma ku woganiza, adadzutsidwa kuti alembe ludzu, koma sizingatheke kumaliza nkhaniyo.
Papa a Gregory X adalengeza za kusonkhanitsa kwa Lyon Kiddral, cholinga chachikulu chomwe chinali chiyanjanichi cha mipingo ya Roma Katolika ndi Orthodox. Msonkhanowu udayitanidwa ndi a Aquinas. Paulendo, atakwera bulu pa Roma la Roma Appia, mwamunayo adagunda mutu wake panthambi ya mtengo wakugwa ndikudwala kwambiri.
Afilosofi anatengedwa kupita ku Montekassino kuti alandire chithandizo. Kubwezeretsa Thanzi, Thomas adayamba panjira, koma zakale za zalenogo. Anasungidwa mu Abbey wa ku Kaswe. Amonke adamugwira kwa masiku angapo. Thomas Akvinsky adamwalira pa Marichi 7, 1274 patebulo - adanenanso nyimbo ya Solomon nyimbo.
Pambuyo pazaka 50, Julayi 18, 1323, Papa John xxii adalengeza za aftoma a oyera a oyera, ndipo pa Marichi 7, adamwalira kalendala ya Chikondwerero cha Roma masana a St. Thomas Aquansky. Pambuyo pa 1969, tsiku lidasunthidwa pa Januware 28. Zotsalira za wafilosofi zidasamutsa mobwerezabwereza: Mu Januware 1369 - ku tchalitchi cha nyumba ya Jacobin Motouse, kuyambira 1779 mpaka 1974, adabwerera ku Basilin Mosurmua a Satobin Bonelouse, komwe akadali.
Malingaliro ndi malingaliro
Thomas Aquinas sanadziyikazidzi yekha kwa anzeru, poganizira achikunja awo omwe "amakana chowonadi ndi nzeru za Chikhristu." Amakhulupiriranso kuti ziphunzitsozi zimagwira zakuvumbulutso, chifukwa vumbulutso la Mulungu ndi chifukwa chofunika kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti sizothandiza, a Thomas adawerenga Aristotle, zomwe zimawonetsedwa m'malingaliro ake ophunzira.
Kutenga monga gawo la gawo la 4 la chidziwitso cha chowonadi cha Aristotle - zokumana nazo, luso, chidziwitso, a Aquinas, Tomasi adazindikira Ake Omwe. Adalemba kuti nzeru izi ndizomwe Mulungu, ndiye kuti, koposa zonse. Woganizayo adapitanso patsogolo ndi kupereka mitundu itatu ya nzeru: chisomo, zamulungu (nzeru zachikhulupiriro) ndi fanizo la malingaliro).
Monga Aristotle, Thomas Aquini adaganizira za moyo wokhala ndi zinthu zodziyimira pawokha, zomwe zimachitika motere ndi zikhumbo za anthu, ndizowonetsa bwino komanso zoyipa. Munthu wamwamuna amapatsidwa kulumikizana ndi Ambuye pambuyo pa imfa.
Chifukwa chake, woganizayo akuti, Nzika yovomerezeka imafunafuna kukhala olungama kulumikizane ndi Mlengi mbali inayo ya dziko lapansi. Mu Tomasi uyu, amabwereza malingaliro a mkokomo wa malingaliro a filosofinium ya Christiam, kapena Augustine of thehiscula.
Munthu adzadziwa dziko lapansi chifukwa, luntha ndi malingaliro. Chifukwa chotsatira, zigamulo ndi malingaliro zimachitika, yachiwiri imathandiza kufufuza zithunzi zakunja za zochitika zam'tsogolo, ndipo wachitatu akuimira kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zauzimu zauzimu. Zambiri, chidziwitso ndichakuti, malinga ndi Tomasi wa Aquinas, amalekanitsa munthuyo ku nyama, mbewu, zolengedwa za Mulungu.
Chifukwa cha chidziwitso cha Mulungu, palinso zida zitatu - malingaliro, vumbulutso ndi lingaliro. Chifukwa chake, a Aquinas a Thomas anali m'modzi mwa azamulungu oyamba akuzindikira kuthekera komvetsetsa bwino kwambiri. Komanso: mu ntchito yayikulu kwambiri "kuchuluka kwa zamulungu", woopa, "woganizayo adatsogolera umboni 5 wa kukhalako kwa Mulungu.
- Kusuntha koyamba. Kusuntha kwa zinthu zonse zamphamvu padziko lapansi kumene kwakhala tikukwiya ndi zinthu zina, ndi zinthu zachitatuzo. Komabe, Mulungu adakhala woyambitsa kuyenda.
- Chachiwiri - kupanga mphamvu. Umboni wake ndi wofanana ndi wakale ndipo amatanthauza kuti chifukwa cha zoyambitsa zonse zopangidwa mdziko lapansi ndi Mulungu.
- Chachitatu ndikusowa. Chilichonse chimatanthawuza kuthekera kotheka komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zenizeni, koma zinthu zonse sizingakhale mu potency. Chinthu chomwe chimafunikira kulimbikitsa kumasulira kwa zinthu kuchokera ku kuthekera komwe kuli komwe kuli kofunikira. Izi ndi Mulungu.
- Chachinayi ndi kuchuluka kwa kukhala. Anthu amafanizira zinthu ndi zochitika ndi chinthu changwiro. Izi ndi zangwiro ndipo pali Mulungu.
- Lachisanu - chifukwa cha chandamale. Zochita zamoyo ziyenera kukhala zoyenera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chinthu chikufunika, kufunsa cholinga pa chilichonse chomwe chiri kudziko lapansi. Ndipo chinthu ichi ndi Mulungu.
Kuphatikiza pa chipembedzo, Thomas Akvinsky adakambirana za boma. Mtundu woyenera wa chipangizo cha ndale, wafilosofi amene adakambirana za ufumuwo. Mfumu ndi fanizo la Mulungu padziko lapansi, lomwe limakakamizika kuganizira zofuna ndi zosowa za onse a zigawo zonse, osapereka zomwe amakonda akatswiri. Nthawi yomweyo, kufuna kwa wolamulira amakakamizika kumvera atsogoleri, ndiye kuti ndiye ulemu wa Mulungu.
Thomas adangokhala mzere pakati pa tanthauzo komanso kukhalapo. Pambuyo pake, kulekanitsidwa kumeneku kunapangitsa maziko a Chikatolika. Choyambirira cha Thomas aquinsky chotchedwa "lingaliro loyera", ndiye kuti, ndiye tanthauzo la izi kapena zinthu, zotsalira. Zowona zopezera zinthu kapena zochitika padziko lapansi pano pali umboni wa kukhalako. Kuonetsetsa kuti kuvomerezedwa ndi Mulungu ndikofunikira.
Pa malingaliro a woganiza ndi chipembedzo chake, "kuchuluka kwa" kuchuluka kwa zamulungu "kunapangidwa chiphunzitsocho, chomwe chimatchedwa Toma, kapena FOmism. Sikuti sichoncho zochuluka chokhudza ziphunzitso zachikhulupiriro, kuchuluka pafupifupi ndi njira zovomerezeka chikhulupiriro kudzera mwa kulingalira. Komabe, kuwunika kwambiri kwa kapu ya aghoma aghomark ndiko kukhazikitsidwa kwa Iwo ngati malingaliro ovomerezeka a Chikatolika.
Mawu
Lolani malingaliro omaliza m'mabukuwa, ikhale likulu lanu, ndi malingaliro omwe muli nawo kwambiri, peresenti ya iye. Munthu wapadera amafunika kupindula, koma osachita bwino, ndipo ayi pakuti musirire, chifukwa ali ndi moyo wabwino wa moyo wabwino, koma makamaka kuti apange ntchito zabwino. Nthawi zambiri ndimalapa zomwe ndanenazo, koma osadandaula kwenikweni chifukwa cha zomwe zinali chete.Zochitika
- 1245-1246 - "Msonkhano Pa Ojambula Ena Otchuka"
- 1255 - "Pa mfundo zachilengedwe"
- 12569 - 2259 - "Mafunso Okhoma Okhudza Choonadi"
- 1259-1268 - 1268 - "Mafunso Okhoma Okhudza Mphamvu ya Mulungu"
- 1261-1263 - "Kuchuluka kwa achikunja" ("kuchuluka kwa nzeru")
- 1265-1274 - "kuchuluka kwa zamulungu"
- 1267 - "Mafunso Otsutsana Zokhudza Moyo"