Chiphunzitso
Willets Collins - wolemba Chingerezi, yemwe ntchito yake yakhala yosasamala kuti iikidwa pansi pa mbiri yakale ya Marke ndi a Charles Dickens. Ntchito zake zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zidziwitso, zowoneka bwino zokongola, zowoneka bwino za lilime komanso mosavuta katswiri, ndipo buku la "mkazi wokhala loyera" lakale limakongoletsa laibulale ya buku lililonse.
Bizinesi ya William Wilki Collins imatenga ku London 8, 1824 ku London, kotala labwino la Marikon, m'banja la wokazinga wa Chingerezi, membala wa London Academy of Art William Collizz ndi Harriet GEDDES. Dzinalo la mnyamatayo lidalandira kuchokera kwa abambo ake, ndipo dzina lapakati lomwe pambuyo pake adaphunziranso dziko lonse lapansi, lomwe lidachokera kwa Amulungu - ojambula-zanrist David Willow.
Zaka 4 pambuyo pakubadwa kwa oyamba kubadwa, ana ena adawonekera m'banjamo - Charles Alton Collins. Pambuyo pake adapita kumapeto kwa abambo ake ndipo adayamba wopweteka, wotsatira wa Pre-lofe loti - malangizo a Creative, cholinga chake chinali chomwe chinali kulimbana ndi misonkhano ya Entrorroria.
Kudziwa koyamba kwa msondodzi ndi Charles kunafika kunyumba. Mabanja a Collins anali achipembedzo kwambiri, motero Harriet Harriet kuti azipezeka kutchalitchi, owerenga mapemphero asanagone ndikusunga zolemba. Mbali iyi ya moyo sanali kulawa mlembi, koma mu kukhwima Iye amadzitcha Chikristu ndi kusaka ndi changu
Mu 1835, Wilki adalowa mu Maida Academy, koma adaphunzira kwa nthawi yayitali: kuyambira mu 1836 mpaka 1838, banjalo limakhala ku Italy, ndiye ku France. Kwina, anyamata anayamba kutopa Italiya ndi Chifalansa. Wotsirizayo adapatsa Wilki mosavuta, ndipo pambuyo pake adamumasulira.
Kubwerera Kumaso, Makolowo adatumiza mnyamatayo kupita kusukulu yapadera ya Relerrend Cole mu Hyber, kumpoto kwa London. Wilki sanakonde kuphunzira, koma makamaka mnansi wake m'chipindacho, omwe anali atawuzidwa pakati pausiku ndipo anakakamizidwa kuti anene nkhani kuti igone bwino bwino.
"Inali mwana wamwano wamwamuna yemwe ankandiyenda tsiku ndi tsiku, kunsembe wake wosauka. Koma zikadakhala za iye, mwina sindinayambe ndayamba kulankhula nawo. Nditachoka ku sukuluyi, ndinapitilizabe kunena, koma kuti ndinayamba kumverera, "pambuyo pake mawu oterewa adawonekera ku Willow Collins Diary.Kumapeto kwa 1840, mnyamatayo adamaliza sukulu komanso pakukakamira Atate adakumana ndi ankhondo a ku Arrus & CO.. Chovala chotakasuka sichinali ngati kuyimbako, koma amagwira ntchito pafamu zaka 5.
Mabuku
Nthawi yomweyo ndi ntchito ku Enterprise, Wilki adapanga ntchito yoyamba - nkhaniyo "yomaliza" yomwe mu 1843 idasindikizidwa m'magazini ". M'chaka chomwecho, mdzukulu wa Chingerezi adalemba buku la Barbut "Iolani, kapena Tahiti, tinali," adampatsa nyumba yosindikizidwa "chapmeman & holoman", koma mu 1845 adalandira kukana. Bukulo silinafalitsidwe mu Wolemba wa Wolemba: Kusintha koyamba kunawonekera mu 1999 kokha.
Kuyesa kwa Willow kuti munthu akhale wolemba chiyembekezo cha William Collins ponena kuti Mwana adzalandira ntchito yake ndikukhala wojambula. Komabe, Atate sanakhale kutali ndi kusankhidwa kwamtsogolo kwa wolowa m'malo mwake: Anakhazikitsa njira ya atsogoleri a Wilki, kenako otsimikiza kuti alowe mgulu la anthu olemekezeka a Lincoorashi-Inle mu 1846.
Collins Jr. adawonetsa chidwi chochepa m'Chilamulo ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri buku "Antonina, kapena kugwa kwa Roma". Atamwalira bambo mu 1847, Wilki adafalitsa ntchito yoyamba - "zikumbukiro za moyo wa William Collins, Equire, membala wa Royal Academy of Arts a Arts." Nkhaniyi idafafanizidwa dzina la wokazi Chingerezi.
Kupitilizabe kupereka msonkho kwa Atate, mu 1849, Willow Collins amayesera ngati wojambula ndipo adapanga chithunzi cha "kuwonetsera kwa owaza", omwe adawonetsedwa ku chiwonetsero cha chilimwe cha Royal Academy.
Mu February 1850, Roman "Antnina" adatuluka. Ntchitoyi ndiyofunika pantchito ya Collins, koma imayambitsa chidwi kwambiri kuposa "kuyenda kutali ndi njanji" (1851). Zolemba zokongola, zokongola za chilengedwe cha Chingerezi, zidalembedwa panthawi ya Cornwall County mu Julayi-Ogasiti 1850. Wolemba kampaniyo anali a Henry Sherry Clackling.
Pazaka zomwezo, Collins Wilki anamaliza maphunziro azamalamulo ndipo adakhala cholepheretsa, ndiye kuti ali ndi bungwe la milandu. Ngakhale wolemba sanatsatire bwino, chidziwitso chomwe chimalandira mkati mwa maphunziro a chidziwitso chogwiritsa ntchito polemba mabuku kuti afotokozere zodalirika. Mu 1851, wojambula wa ku Britain wa Argushte dzira leopo adabweretsa Collins ndi Charles Dickens, ndipo mwambowu unayamba kusintha ntchito ya wolemba novice.
Amuna akhala abwenzi owonera ndi anzawo. Mu Meyi ya chaka chomwecho, pamodzi adasewera posewera "osati zoyipa kwambiri, monga zikuwoneka kuti" Edwar Bullov-Littni, Omvera awo adadzakhala mfumukazi Victoria ndi Prince Albert. Ntchito za Collins "Bea kama wachilendo" (1852), "Frber Final" (1856), "chinsinsi" (1857) ndi ena adasindikizidwa mu magazini ya Dickens ".
Mu 1853, Wilki adatulutsa "Basil" za wachinyamata, womwe umaphwanya imodzi mwazoyimira apamwamba - amayamba kukonda mtsikana wamalonda, mwana wamkazi wa nsalu zamalonda. Ngati Basil apereka mayesero ake ndikulumikizana naye ndi osayenera, abambo ake amusiya popanda cholowa. Zachidziwikire, wachinyamata amapanga chisankho m'malo mokomera chikondi ndikukhala nkhani yakuda.
Poona za 1998, zojambula za ku India Radha Bharadvaja, gawo lalikulu lidachitika ndi Jared Cimer, a Clairenne adakhala mkulu wake, ndipo adasewera Chikhristu.
Pantchito zambiri, Collins anasefa mafilimu, ndipo otchuka kwambiri ndi "mkazi woyera" - wolembedwa, wolembedwa mu 1859. Amafotokoza za ojambula achichepere a Walter, omwe amabwezeretsedwa ndi engrica kuchokera ku bungwe la aristocrat Frederica Fairley. Ma Esquins ali ndi mwana wa mchimwene wa Laura, ndipo amakonda madontho awiri amadzi akuwoneka ngati mkazi wachilendo mu chipatala cha amisala, chomwe wasintha chimakumana ndi malo opita ku malo ogulitsa. Zochitika izi zimawopseza wachinyamata ndikukopa nthawi yomweyo.
Magaziniyo imayika "mkazi woyera" pamalo a 23 omwe ali m'mabuku abwino kwambiri azaka zabwino 100, ndipo otsogolera, kuphatikiza Soviet, adayamba chitetezero. Makanema oyambira 2-serial vodim Derbenev adatuluka koyamba mu 1981, mu 1982 ndi 1997, Music Movie Movie John Bruce ndi Tim 1997 adatuluka koyamba. Kuyambira 2018, mndandanda wa mini amachotsedwa kutengera bukuli.
Ntchito Zofalitsidwa mu 1860s ndizabwino kwambiri pantchito ya wolemba: "Osatchulidwa" (1862), "ArmalIl" (1866). Pamodzi ndi "mkazi woyeza", mabuku anayi awa adapereka mbiri ya mbuye wa cholembera ndipo adagulitsidwa kumabwalo akuluakulu, omwe adaloledwa kumera.
Mu 1870, zinthu ziwiri zofunika zinachitika m'moyo wa Collins: Buku la buku la "mwamuna ndi mkazi" komanso imfa ya Charles ndi imfa ya Charles. M'manda a Mnzake wapamtima, Wilka adati:
"Tinawonana tsiku lililonse ndipo timakondana ngati amuna."
M'zaka khumi zapitazi, thanzi la Collins lawonongeka kwambiri: Chingerezi pafupifupi achititsidwa khungu, sanachoke mnyumbayo ndikulemba movutikira. Anapereka chidziwitso chake kwa matalente ang'ono, kuphatikizapo Holi Kane Kane, komanso kuwathandizanso kuteteza ufulu wawo. Pang'onopang'ono, kulemba kwakhala njira yothanirana ndi matenda omwe sanalole kuti pamapeto pamapeto pake. Wilki Collins adatsala pang'ono kumaliza "chikondi chakhungu", cholankhulidwa pambuyo pa imfa yake yopanda utali.
Moyo Wanu
Mu 1857, Collins Mestins Meyi idakumana ndi banja losauka - ndi banja losauka kwa mtsikana yemwe adakwatira mwana wake wamkazi Harridiet ndi amasiye. Kupezeka kwa mayi wopanda kholo kunapereka shopu yaying'ono, yomwe ma themberero nthawi zambiri ankayang'ana pozungulira. Anachita motsatira ngati mwana wosabadwa ndipo adamuthandiza kupita kusukulu. Patatha chaka chimodzi, banja linayamba kukhalira limodzi.
Wolemba sanachiririre Institute Ikwati, koma adakhalabe wokhulupirika wa Caroline ndi Harriet, powaganizira banja lake. Ndipo mkaziyo amafuna kukwatiwa. Anachoka ku Collins pamene adalemba buku la "Lunar", kuvutika ndi kudandaula kwa opium, atakwatirana ndi wachinyamata dzina lake Joseph atabwerako.
Mu 1868, moyo wa wolemba udadzilemetsa ndi anzanga Marita Radi, mtsikana wazaka 19 wa banja losauka. Ana atatu anaonekera mu Union: Ana aakazi amayenda (1869) ndi Harriet Converction (1871), mwana William Charles (1874).
Imfa
Willow Collins anamwalira pa Seputembara 23, 1889 kuchokera kunkhondo. Thupi laikidwa m'manda a Kencal Green ku West London.
Mu 1895, imfa inabwera kwa manda a Caroline, mnzake wa wolemba wokhulupirika. Kuyang'anitsitsa mkazi amene wapeza pafupi ndi amuna wamba.
M'bali
- 1852 - "Basil"
- 1854 - "masewera a kubisala ndikufufuza"
- 1860 - "Mkazi Woyera"
- 1862 - "Osatchulidwa"
- 1866 - "Armidele"
- 1868 - "mwala wa Lunar"
- 1870 - "Mwamuna ndi Mkazi"
- 1872 - "Osauka Miss Finch"
- 1875 - "Lamulo ndi Mkazi"