Mbiri Yodziwika
Khalidwe la nthano zakale zomwe zidagulira ku Netherlands ndi Germany. Pindamu ndi Plut, mu ntchito za pambuyo pake anasandulika munthu wowerengeka, chizindikiro cha kukana kwa Netherlands mwa ulamuliro waku Spain.Mbiri Yoyambira
Poyamba, Til Ulenenspigel anali ngwazi ya nthabwala zingapo ndi ndakatulo ya Shvankov, yemwe anali wotchuka ku Netherlands ndi Germany. Ichi ndi chithunzi chofananira, balaguor ndi ma vileabo, ofanana ndi Asilamu Hoja nasreterina.
Chithunzicho chinakhala m'gulu la chikondwerero cha m'zaka za zana la XVI, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa buku la XVI, buku losindikizidwa linapezeka pansi pa mutu wakuti "Ntchito Yosangalatsa pa Pluto Tale Ulnspigel adasonkhanitsidwa komanso okonzedwa mwaluso. Dzinalo la bukuli silikudziwika. Posachedwa pali mtundu wofanana wa buku la Flemishya. Ngakhale pambuyo pake, matembenuzidwe a chotolera ichi mu Chingerezi, French, Latin ndi zilankhulo zina zidawonekera.
Kuchokera ku nthano zowerengeka ndi zovuta kwambiri zomwe sizimangokhala ngati ngwazi yabwino ndi zitsanzo zotsanzira. Mu gawo limodzi, mawonekedwe, mwachitsanzo, amawonetsa abulu ake. Khalidwe la munthuyo limawonetsa kuti dzina lake limadziwika, lomwe lili ndi mawu awiri a chilankhulo cha Meduneneky.
Spiegel makamaka amatanthauziridwa kuti ndi "kalilole", koma mawuwa ali ndi mtengo wolunjika ", ndi ulen ndi verebu" oyera ". Zowona, "yabwino" ya dzina la dzina la ngwazi "Ulensishhpigel" monga "kalilole wa kalipa" ndizofala kwambiri, chifukwa chikhalidwecho chimawonetsedwa ndi kalilole m'manja.
Prototype ndi mawonekedwe
M'mabuku owerengeka, akuti ngwazi inali ya mbiri yakale. Akuti, bambo wina wotchedwa Til Coonenspigel adabadwa m'dera la 1300 m'dziko la Kntytalin ku Saxony. Ankayenda maulendo, anali kumayiko a Belgium, Germany ndi Netherlands. Zaka 50 zikufa mumzinda wa Germany ku Mölln kuchokera ku mliri. Komabe, izi sizikuthandizidwa ndi umboni uliwonse wosonyeza kuti munthu kapena ameneyo anali ndi zenizeni.
Chithunzi cha Uilenspigel chimadziwika kuti chimawoneka ngati chitseko cha kukonzanso, popeza zomwe zidachitika kwa ngwazi zikuwoneka kuti zikunyozedwa komanso kusokoneza maziko a gulu la makolo azaka zapakati. Til - Pindamu, osavomera moyo. Ngwaziyo imakonda kutchuka nthawi zonse, nzika zake, zimakhala ndi mzimu wodziyimira pawokha komanso ulemu.
Nthano zakufa zimasiyana kwambiri ndi buku la matailosi a Ulenenspigel, lolembedwa ndi Charla De Sosier. Ngwazi zatsopano zimawonekeranso bukuli, lomwe silinali chidziwitso choyambirira, mwachitsanzo, Gudak Lamme, mnzake wa Tila. Ndipo fanizo la dothi lokha nlosiyana ndi nthano.
Bizinesi yakale ya chibadwa ikuchitika motsutsana ndi zomwe zinachitika, zomwe zidachitika ku Netherlands ku XVI zaka za XVI. Malo obadwa kwa ngwazi ndi mzinda wa Dande ku Flanders. Bambo a Til - a Clauus! Mwa kuchitika mwadzidzidzi pa tsiku limodzi ndi ngwazi, Filipo amabadwa lachiwiri, tsogolo mfumu ya ku Spain. Mwana wakhanda wobadwa akukula mwana wankhanza komanso wamantha, pomwe seserer til ndi anyamata olimbikitsidwa, amakomera mtima wokhala ndi mtima wokoma mtima komanso lilime.
Til imakula ndi Frestyle ndipo sagwira chilankhulo kuseri kwa mano, ndipo Tchalitchi cha Katolika chalamulidwa mdziko muno, mphamvu zake ndi za ku Spain. Ngwazi chifukwa cha chilengedwe chopanda ulemu komanso mwaufulu, lengezani tsoka ndipo limaweruzidwa kuti lizitengedwa kuchokera ku ma flanders kwa zaka zitatu.
Tila ali ndi chibwenzi - Nya, ndi mayi wotchedwa Catlin. Njuchi iyi ikhala m'manja mwa ofunsa pa milandu ya ufiti ndikupenga chifukwa chozunza. Pakadali pano, imadzutsa dziko lapansi ndipo imapeza maluso a chibwibwi. Ngwazi zimatenga tchuthi chake, ndipo limamupatsa mwayi wopita kwawo.
Asanabwerenso Tila, bambo wa ngwazi - Klaas akumangidwa. Kwa woyandikana nawo, Rybnik dzina lake. Clasa akuimbidwa mlandu wopanduka ndi kuwotcha pamoto, ndipo amayi a ngwazi akumwalira. Timala zimasonkhanitsa phulusa, kutsalira ponena za kuphedwa kwa Atate, kumaika thumba ndikuvala pachifuwa. Mayi wina wa ku Nela amalankhula ndi mizimu, ndipo til timalimbikitsa mkaziyo kuti akuwalangize, kotero kuti akuwonetsa ngwazi, momwe angasungire dzikolo kwa ankhanza a Spain. Amayi a Nya amatumiza matayala ndi mwana wamkazi patchuthi cha masika, kupita kumizimu yadziko lapansi. Mafuta amakonda kufunafuna anthu asanu ndi awiri.
Pamodzi ndi mtsikanayo, Nyemba ndi bwenzi lamme, mafuta onenepa kwambiri, til amapita kukafufuza zisanu ndi ziwiri. Kampaniyo ili m'mayiko, ndipo Lamme ali nthawi yomweyo poyesa kupeza mkazi wake yemwe adaponya. Ku Flanders, pakadali pano, kuwukira kwa akuluakulu aku Spain kumawalira. UNCH'zpigel alumikiza zigawengazo ndipo amatenga nawo mbali kunkhondo ndi Spain.
Pambuyo pake, kubwerera mumzinda wa Dama, ngwazi imamva kuti nkhandwe ina idasakidwa ndi anthu okhalamo. Likupezeka kuti pansi pa nkhandwe zikopa, yomwe ija imanena za Atate wa Tille. Tsopano ndaweruzidwa kuti ndiphedwe.
Til imakhudzidwa ndi nkhondo zam'madzi ndikusintha luso laluso. Akuluakulu amawonetsa ulemu pakafunika kusokoneza akaidi a amonke achikatolika, omwe chikhulupiriro chake sichikukumana ndi izi. Izi sizoyenera kukhala ndi ngwazi za moyo, koma Nela zimalengeza kuti akufuna kuti atenge tillet mwa amuna awo kuposa ngwazi ya moyo amapulumutsa. Mphero pambuyo pake amasiya ntchitoyi.
Ndikotheka kupeza anthu asanu ndi awiri mothandizidwa ndi mafuta a zamatsenga. Zili choncho kuti ndi fanizo, ndipo asanu ndi awiri, amene ngwazi amawona m'maloto, ndiye malo osokoneza bongo. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tamatsenga zikuwoneka kuti ndafa, ndipo otsutsa akuyesera kuyikanso ngwazi. Komabe, lil amasankhidwa kuchokera kumanda nthawi yomwe wansembeyo avomera kuwerenga mwadzidzidzi mwadzidzidzi.
Til Ulynspigel pachikhalidwe
M'zaka za zana la XIX, nthano za nthano za TILE zomwe zidalembedwa mwa wolemba wa ku Belgian A Charles Delen, Nthano Yake - Oseketsa, Oseketsa Komanso Oseketsa Ku Flanders ndi mayiko ena ". Chikondi chimapatsidwa chiphunzitso chachikondi cha chithunzi cha matao. Kuchokera m'zaka za zana la XIV, munthuyo "amasamutsidwa" ku XVI, komwe amakhala chizindikiritso cha anthu a Flanders ku ulamuliro wa Stenderds ku United States.
Buku Lolamu lasintha kuzindikira chithunzi cha Tila m'malingaliro a kuwerenga kwa anthu kuwerenga. Khalidwelo linayamba kugwirizana ndi zomwe Good Soun Yosefera, yomwe idatsutsa boma la Spain ku Netherlands ndi tchalitchi cha Katolika.
Mwa kupanga buku lanu, wolembayo anagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso, chojambulidwa kuchokera ku malo akale, ndipo anakopa zolemba za olemba za XVI zaka za XVI mpaka pano. Ndipo kutanthauzira kwa D De lephedo adapanga maziko a ntchito za malembedwe komanso nyimbo, kusewera ndi makanema.
Gregory Gorin mu 1970 analemba pamaziko a buku la Ded Dunc "Loussion", ndiye wotsogolera Marwarov mu 1975 adayika chithunzi cha MosAta ".
Mu 1976, mafilimu "angapo a Tile" adatuluka ku studio filimu ya Moseshi ya nthawi yonse ya 405. Ribbon adachotsa woyang'anira vladimir namov ndi Alexander Alov, ndipo adalembanso script script mu duet. ESONOON SCORE APTORA UFFSAK idatenga gawo la Til Ulebitegeel, ndipo Valentin Grachev adapereka.
Kanemayo anatuluka m'magawo awiri, ndipo gawo lililonse limakhala ndi magawo awiri. Gawo loyamba limatchedwa "phulusa la Clasa". Zochitika - Netherlands, pabwalo la XVI zaka za XVI. Dzikoli ndilamuliridwa ndi mfumu ya Spain. Anthu akumaloko ali kutanthauzira ndi kusangalala, koma olowawo adzawonetsa anthu kuzunzidwa ndi kuzunzidwa, ndi lingaliro loyera lamoto. Amene akutchulidwa kwambiri - Til ndi Nela - sadzachita mantha ndi mayeso ambiri.
Gawo lachiwiri la filimuyo limatchedwa "nthawi yayitali!". Misonkho Yosakanikirana, Chizunzo cha Ampatuko ndi Amuna a mfumu ya Spain ndi Netherlands ku chogwirira, ndipo iwo anakweza chibusawo poyesa kuponya igordiards. Amene akutchulidwa kwambiri pano ndi Til Ilynspigel ndi Gudak Lamme, bwana wake wokhulupirika.
Script idakhazikitsidwa ndi Charles Warles de tan. Kujambula kwa kanemayo kunachitika mu mzinda wa Gdansk ndi ku Estonia Talinn, pomwe zidali zodziwitsa bwino momwe adalamulira m'mizinda yakale ya Flandeval. Zojambula ndi theka la mzinda wosefukira ndi doko la Dutch adazijambula ku Austlala, pakamwa pa mitsinje (latfiya).
Kanema woyamba wa Roman de DOST adabweranso mu 1956 ndipo adayamba ku France ndi Netherlands wolemba Dutch Ivernz. Maudindo akuluakulu adapangidwa ndi French: Tillenzpigel omwe adasewera a Serar Filipo, ndi mnzake Lamme - Jean Karma.
Chithunzi cha Tilenenspigel chakhala mobwerezabwereza oyimba oimba ndi opanga. M'zaka za zana la makumi awiri, gulu la anthu aku Russia linali litakhalapo, lomwe lidatenga dzina la ngwazi ngati dzina. Gululi "Til Ulenspigel" adachita ballads "ndi kununkhira kotchedwa" ndipo unasweka mu 1999. Oimba omwe kale anali m'gululi adalowa gawo loyamba la gulu lodziwika bwino. Ena mwa iwo anali Abelavis (Natalia o'shov), omwe ali gawo la "til" adayamba ntchito ya nyimbo.
Mu 1985, a Opanga Nikolai Karetnikov ndi Pavel Lungin atamaliza ntchito pa opera "til ulenenspigel". Opera adayamba kukhazikitsidwa ku Germany padenga la bielfelld opera m'nyumba mu 1993. Izi zisanachitike, mu 1988, mbiri yakale idalembedwa ku USSR, komwe a Boris Adryavtsev adaseweredwa ndi Boris Kudyavttv.
Mawu
"Phulusa la Clasa Gogod'a mumtima mwanga." "Ine sindikhala moyo chifukwa cha Hamu, mowa wa mowa, koma chifukwa cha ufulu! Osati m'mimba yamafuta kupulumutsa dziko lakwawo, kulimba mtima. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti imagwada kwambiri mpaka imfa "." Palibe chifukwa chobwezera chilichonse, chifukwa palibe chokongola kuposa kuyendayenda ndikulekerera kufunika kwa ufulu! "Mufilimu "ya Tile" (1976)
"- Ndi chiyani chofewa? - Anafunsa jol. "Izi zimachitidwa mlandu wabanja," adafotokozera Ulynspigel. "Adzauma kuyambira pachisoni, ngati apulo muchitofu, ngati sichinachirikitse mphamvu yake ndi kukhazikitsidwa kosalekeza."Charles DO Coseier, "Nthano ya UNENNESSpigel"