Masiku ano, sayansi ya zakuthambo yafika isanafike kwambiri, koma mtundu wa anthu akadali kutali kwambiri ndi kuthetsa zinsinsi zonse zomwe chilengedwe chonse sichili chokha. Mwa zina zonse za zinthu zina, kupatula mapulaneti abwino kwambiri, pali sayansi yabwino kwambiri, yomwe ilipo. Monga kuchititsa chidwi kwina kokopa, danga ndi nthawi ikusokonekera mkati. Zambiri za chiwongolero chakuda ndi chifukwa chake amatchedwa, mu nkhani 24cm.
Chifukwa chiyani dzenje "lakuda" lili lakuda "?
8 Zowona zachilendo za nyama zomwe anthu adakhulupirira kale
Pansi pa bowo lakuda mu sayansi yamakono, chinthu cha danga chimamveka ndi misa yayikulu kotero, yomwe imayamba kuyamwa chilengedwe, kuphatikiza tinthu tating'onoting'ono timathamanga. Ndiye kuti, kuunika komwe sikungathe kuthana ndi chidwi champhamvu chotere.
Chifukwa chake dzina lomwe limatetezedwa musayansi. Bowo ndi malo omwe mutuwu unazimiririka pamenepo. Ndipo mtunduwo akuti: Kutchedwa kuti malowa sakusintha kuti ndi ma radiation. Chifukwa chake, "dzenje lakuda", makamaka lofanana ndi "kusinthika," Popeza diso laumunthu silidzatha kuwona malo amdima motsutsana ndi mdima wa malo akunja.
Zolakwika zomwe zimakuganizirana ndi malire omwe palibe chinthu chilichonse sichitha kuyambiranso kubwerera, ndipo chimaliziro chikhale gawo la thupi lazikulu kwambiri. Dera ili mozungulira bowo lakuda limatchedwa "Zowopsa".
Mpata
Sayansi ikuwonetsa tanthauzo la izi zomwe zidayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mchaka chachiwiri cha m'ma 1900. Komabe, mabowo akuda anaphunzira kalekale izi. Kubwerera m'zaka za zana la XVIII, wansembe ndi wachipatala Johm Michell adanena koyamba za kukhalapo kwa nyenyezi zomwe zimayenda bwino kuti ngakhale kuthamanga kwa kuwalako sikungakhale kokwanira kusiya malire ake.
Pophunzira chiphunzitsochi, mtsogolo, akatswiri ambiri ndi asitima apanga zopindulitsapo, kuphatikiza Albert Einstein. Komabe, kotero mabowo akuda akhale chowonadi, anafunika kupeza. Funso lidayamba momwe mungapezere zinthu zomwe zimatenga zojambula zilizonse zomwe sizingawoneke pogwiritsa ntchito telesikopu.
Panthawi imeneyi, asayansi adathandizira zomwe adakumana nazo pantchito yofufuza zinthu zina zosagwirizana, monga fumbi lakuda nebulae. Iwo, monga mawanga akuda, amawonekera motsutsana ndi zinthu zowala, monga nyenyezi ndi gasi nebuulae.
Njirayi idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikuyang'ana mabowo akuda pazinthu, ndikuwonetsa mphamvu zambiri powoloka zochitika. Ndiye kuti, njirayi imawoneka kuti ikuyenda mozungulira derali ndi mphamvu yapaderayi yambiri ya tinthu nthawi ya kuyamwa kwa zinthu. Chifukwa chake, dzenje lakuda limawoneka ngati banga lowoneka bwino mozungulira.
Kukhalapo kwa anitaliaties osagwirizana adasiyanso mawonekedwe a mtundu wazomwezo mpaka 2015, pomwe malingaliro adathandizidwa ndi deta yatsopano, kuphatikiza chithunzi cha bowo lakuda lomwe limapangidwa mu 2019. Chithunzi cha chinthucho chimakhazikika pachithunzichi. Wotsirizayo adalimbikitsa gulu lasayansi lapadziko lonse lapansi kulengeza kumayambiriro kwa gawo latsopano pophunzira malo.
Momwe mabowo akupangidwira
Mafunso ambiri amapanga makina opanga mabowo akuda. Matsenga a Isroprosysic ayika matembenuzidwe anayi omwe amafotokoza mawonekedwe a "ma edders a zolengedwa mu cosmos.
Poyatsa, malowo amatha kusintha nyenyezi iliyonse ndi misa yokwanira. NJIRA YOPHUNZITSIRA CARMENCEAR imasiya kuchitika, "imatupa", ndikupanga mtundu watsopano wa chinthu.
- Nyenyezi neutron ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka chinthu chomwe chimakhala chofanana ndi dzuwa, ndi miyala yochepa kwambiri (m'mimba mwake mulibe 20-30 km);
- zowala pa zowirikiza za kutentha mphamvu ndikuzimitsa pang'onopang'ono zoyera (ngati nyenyezi zomwe zimawoneka kuti ndizokwanira kulowa mu neutronin);
- Ngati nyenyeziyo ili ndi kulemera kwa dzuwa, ndiye kuti imalumikizidwa kwambiri yomwe imasandulika dzenje lakuda.
Ngati malo oyamba ndi omwe amakhala ndi nyenyezi zokopa nyenyezi, ndiye kuti yachiwiri - amafotokozanso chimodzimodzi, zomwe zimangochitika ndi chinthu chachikulu, mwachitsanzo, ndi gawo la mlalang'ambawu. Monga nyenyezi, yomalizirayo imachepetsa kukula pansi pa zochita zawo zomwe zimangoyang'ana kwambiri chinthucho. Masiku ano, asayansi akudziwa za kukhalapo kwa mabowo akuda m'malo mwa milalang'amba m'chilengedwe chonse.
Malinga ndi zinthu zachitatu, matupi apamwamba kwambiri amapatsidwa malowa pamasamba oyamba a mbiri ya chilengedwe chonse, pomwe zimangokulira. Kuphulika kwakukulu kwapanga mikhalidwe yomwe madera omwe ali ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka mabowo akuda adatha. Ndipo kukula kwa chilengedwe "kunafuula" m'malo mwa malo.
Mtundu waposachedwa umatengera kuti dzenje lakuda limapangidwa chifukwa cha mphamvu zambiri za nyukiliya zomwe zitha kupangidwanso ku labotale. Chosangalatsa chenicheni: Hadron Collider, komwe njira zoterezi zimakhazikitsidwa, zidapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri, akhulupirire kuti kafukufuku woterewa amabweretsa mapangidwe a bowo lakuda padziko lapansi.
Mabowo, mabowo akuda adapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingakhale zosiyana kwambiri ndi wina ndi mnzake kukula. Mwachitsanzo, iwo omwe adawonekera nthawi yomweyo bomba lalikulu lidzawoneka ngati yaying'ono motsutsana ndi zimphona zomwe zimalemera kuposa dzuwa nthawi zambiri. Chifukwa chake, asayansi adagawana maofesi azosangalatsa awa: mabowo akuda a Star Misa, wopaka ndi kuchuluka.
Mu dzenje lakuda la nyenyezi misa akhoza kusinthidwa nyenyezi yomwe yayamba kuzizira ndikuwaza pansi pa zochita zake. Komabe, zonse zimatengera unyinji ndi magawo ena omwe angayambitse kukakamiza kuyimilira pa gawo linalake, kenako zotsatira zake zidzakhala nyenyezi yopanda kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kuti dzuwa lisakhale dzenje lakuda, limafunikira "kulemera", chifukwa anthu omwe amakhala osakwanira kugwa. Malinga ndi asayansi, tsogolo lathu limasandulika ndikusintha kukhala koyera koyera.
Ndege ya mzere wa milalang'amba zimakhala ndi mabowo apamwamba kwambiri, omwe amatchulidwa kuti sangafanane ndi chinachakechake kwa anthu. Ngakhale dzuwa ndi laling'ono kwambiri mpaka pafupifupi zimphona. Dzenje lakuda lotere - pakatikati panjira ya Milky.
Monga tafotokozera kale, gulu limapereka kutipezeka kwa mabowo am'madzi omwe ali ndi microscopic yakuda ndipo ikhoza kukhala mbadwo wazochitika za nyukiliya zomwe zimapangidwanso ndi zida zamaluso mu labotale.
Koma mabowo a sitemeum ndi chinthu chongoyerekeza chokha, chomwe chingapezeke mtsogolo.
Kuphatikiza pa kukula, asayansi akuchita phunziroli komanso mawonekedwe ena a mabowo akuda, mwachitsanzo, monga kuphatikiza. Mu lingaliro la kugundana ndi maphunziro apaderawa, wina ndi mnzake. Ndipo ngati achitika, kenako chitsogozanitsidwa pang'onopang'ono ndikupanga malo akuluakulu ndi mawonekedwe achilendo.
Zomwe zimachitika mukalowa mkatikati
Mwa kulingalira kwa ntchito zokhudzana ndi kapangidwe ka mabowo akuda, zosangalatsa kwambiri ndi funso la zomwe zingachitike ngati munthu agwera m'dera loipali. Ndipo chidzawoneni uko. Ndikosatheka kuyang'ana izi, chifukwa chake zimakhala zokhutitsidwa ndi zochitika zowoneka bwino.Bowo lakuda ndilo malo omwe malamulo owerengetsa a sayansi amasiya kugwira ntchito, ndipo zenizeni zimagawika awiri. Mkati mwa dzenje lakuda, malo ndi nthawi yayamba kupindika mpaka kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwa magulu awa. Chifukwa chake, m'zodafana zingapo zimatuluka zoposa nzeru.
Kutengera ndi malingaliro a akatswiri, cosmonteutit, yomwe idzayandikira zochitika, nthawi yomweyo idzafa ndikudutsa. Zomwe zimachitika - ingoganizirani zovuta. Mwachidziwikire, ngati mulowa dzenje lakuda, likhala lotheka kuwona zam'tsogolo, chifukwa pali malo ndi nthawi pali malo.
Pali malingaliro oti padzakhala portal, akunyamula chinthu mpaka chilengedwe china. Malo omwe malamulo akugwiritsira ntchito zinthu zathupi amathetsedwa, otchedwa Stuner. Pambuyo pake zimaphatikiza chilichonse chomwe chimagwera mu dzenje, kupeza sayansi yosadziwika ya mtundu wa kukhalapo.
Mapulaneti pafupi ndi mabowo akuda
Masiku ano, mabowo akuda nthawi zambiri amakonzedwa ndi mutu ngati "chinthu choyipa m'chilengedwe". Pali maudindo ofanana osachokera ku zikwangwani, ngati mungaganizire izi: Asayansi amakonda kudziwa kuti pa mapulaneti omwe ali pafupi ndi "owononga adziko", ndizosatheka kudziwa moyo. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa chakuti ngakhale zazing'ono kwambiri za "zolengedwa zapamwamba" zopangira mphamvu, zomwe zimawopseza kukhulupirika kwa thupi lakumwamba, lomwe likuyandikira nkhaniyi.
Pa chiyambi ndi chitukuko cha moyo padziko lapansi chimakhudza chiwerengero cha dongosolo la kachitidwe, komwe kumatanthauza. Ndipo pomwe dzenje lakuda limawonekera pafupi ndi pulaneti, kuyamwa kwa zinthu zozungulira kuyamba, kumatulutsa mphamvu zotere, zomwe zimawononga mitundu iliyonse yachilengedwe. Zinthu ngati izi ndizopambana kwambiri kuti zinthu zisakhale ndi moyo.
Mathory
Kumayambiriro kwa theka lachiwiri la chaka cha XX, asayansi adayamba kuyankhula za kukhalapo kwa ma quasars. M'malo mwake, awa ndi zida zogwira matenda achichepere, omwe mabowo akuda ali. Ndi kuchotsedwa kwakukulu, zinthu zoterezi zimadziwika ndi ma radiation amphamvu kwambiri.
Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti pali mbali zochititsa chidwi kwambiri za dzenje lakuda mu mlalang'amba wa mlalang'ambawu kuti kuyamwa kwa zinthu kumapangitsa kuti disk ioneke patali kwambiri.
Masiku ano, zozizwitsa zili ndi mabowo apamwamba kwambiri. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti zinthu zosangalatsa izi sizidutsa dzuwa.
Stephen adanyengerera za izi
Wasayansi wotchuka Stefan Hawk analinso ndi mabowo akuda. Malinga ndi malingaliro a fizikisi yotchuka, kudzera mwa zinthu izi zimayenda m'njira yokwanira. Chifukwa chake, sayenera kuchita mantha, chifukwa mabowo sawononga zinthu, koma ulekeni m'malo akunja.Kubveka kudalira chakuti chidziwitso sichingawonongeke, apo ayi palibe chomwechi ngati "zakale" zikadakhalapo. Ndiye kuti, kuchokera ku bowo lakuda pali njira yopulumukira, chifukwa zochitika zomwe zidagwa sizingathenso kuthana nazo.
Pafupi kwambiri padziko lapansi
Chiyambire kulungamitsidwa kwa zomwe tafotokoza m'nkhaniyi, asayansi amafuna kuti apeze omwe ali pafupi ndi ena onse. Ndipo mu 2019, zoyesayesa zinavekedwa korona. Akatswiri a zakuthambo adalengeza kutsegulidwa kwa dzenje lakunja kwa chindapusa cha kusungunuka, kugwedeza chimphona chofiyira komanso kudyetsa nyenyezi zazikuluzikuluzi. Ndipo pambuyo pake adanena kuti zidapezeka zofanana ndi izi, ngakhale pafupi ndi dziko lathuli, kuphatikizika kwa Unicorn.
Unicorn, monga momwe chinthucho chotchedwa, osati choyandikira kwambiri (chomwe chili kutali kwambiri ndi zaka 1500), komanso zazing'ono kwambiri za sayansi yotchuka. Koma dzenje lalikulu kwambiri kuchokera ku zomwe zapezeka ndi asayansi adapezeka mu galactic kudzikuza kwa Abell 85 ndipo amatchedwa Holm 15a. Kutulutsidwa kumeneku kwa nthawi zikwizikwimbirira kuchulukitsa kwa nkhaniyo, "kukhala pakati pa mlalang'amba wathu, - Sagittarius A *.
Harvard Alropropsics akuyang'ana kale mabowo mkati mwa dzuwa. Asayansi amati kupezeka kwa chinthu chotere padziko lapansi kuli kovomerezeka ndipo zitheka kuzindikira pa diski yopepuka yomwe imawoneka chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwa zinthu.
Wakuda ndi woyera
Cholinga chosokonekera chofananira chophunzirira sichinathebe mabowo oyera omwe atchulidwa ndi Einstein. Mwachidziwikire, asayansi amaganiza, amakakamizidwa kukhala "mabowo akuda m'malo mwake."
Ndiye kuti, tanthauzo la mabowo oyera ndi motere: chomaliza sichitha, koma thamangitsani nkhaniyo. Mwanjira ina, iyi ndi dzenje lakuda lomwe linachotsedwa munthawi. Popeza munjira zakuthupi, njira yopita nthawi sizimasewera kulikonse, zokhala ndi mabowo oyera sizosatheka. Komabe, lero sikuti kutsimikiziridwa ndi zitsanzo zoyeserera.