Mbiri Yodziwika
Khalidwe la ogwira ntchito a zida za Alexander Green "ofiira". Kafukufuku wachichepere wa sitimayo, munthu wokhala ndi nyumba yabwino komanso yosungiramo zachikondi.Mbiri Yolengedwa
Alexander Green analemba "timiyala ofiira" kuyambira 1916 mpaka 1922, ndipo buku loyamba lidachitika mu 1923. Lingaliro la nkhaniyi lidabadwa kuchokera kwa wolemba pomwe adawona bwato lonyowa ndi silika yoyera mu mawindo ogulitsira. Green inkawoneka kuti pali kuthekera kwina kulikonse kwa m'bwatomo. Wolembayo adawonetsa kuti zingakhale, ngati pamalopo a sitima oyera anali ofiira, ndipo adayamba kukankha kuti atumize mbiri.
M'nyengo yozizira ya 1920, omaliza obiriwira obiriwira pa nkhaniyi, ndipo m'zaka ziwiri zotsatira adabweretsa nthawi zingapo pankhani yosintha. M'ngululi ya 1922, mutu wakuchokera m'nyuzipepala udafalitsidwa mu nyuzipepala "madzulo Telegraph", ndipo mu 1923 malembawo adasindikizidwa bwino mu buku.
"Maulendo ofiira"
Arrir imvi pa nthawi yochita zoyambira - zaka 24. Ngwazi yachinyamata zaka makumi awiri zimasambira ndikuyang'ana zaka zinayi nthawi yomwe adakumana ndi ngwazi yayikulu, Indol. M'zaka khumi ndi zisanu, ngwazi yakhala yachabe ya jungo ndipo panthawiyo ankawoneka ngati "msungwana wakubisala." Gimba anali ndi mikono yaying'ono, zikopa zotuwa ndi zovala zokongola. Popita nthawi, chithunzi cha ngwazi chasintha - adakhumudwitsani, matya ndikukhala mnyamata wa minofu. Chidaliro chidawoneka m'mayendedwe, ndipo chinali chachidule komanso cholondola.
Ngwaziyo imachokera ku banja lolemera komanso labwino. Ubwana wa Arthur wadutsa m'godi yapano. Makolo a Arthur anali anthu odzikuza ndi magulu achitetezo. Bambo wa ngwaziyo anali kuchita nawo zinthu zomwe zikuchitika komanso zomwe ndidayesetsa kuti ndisakusake, zidayambitsa makalata ovuta. Chifukwa cha ntchito yogwira ntchitoyo, bambowo anali kutali ndi banja ndipo sanadziwe zambiri, zomwe kuiwala kuchuluka kwa ngwazi ya zaka. Amayi ankakonda ndi arlung arthur, ngwazi ya pranks ndi zingwe.
Arthur anali mwana wokonda komanso wokonda chidwi. Ngwazi yomwe idaphunzirira nyumbayo kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi, kulowera chapamwamba, komwe adapeza tsatanetsatane wa chipilala, mabuku ndi ma pigelans, pomwe ma viniyo adasungidwa. Arthur sanakonde kuphunzira, anali mwana wopanda pake ndipo ankakonda kuchita zomwe akufuna. Ufulu wa ngwazi sunathe konse. Akuluakulu anamvera zokhumba za mwana. Arthur amatha kuletsa mitengo kuti idule, pemphani munthu wina, kuti atenge agalu m'nduli - ndipo zokhumba za ngwazi zidachitidwa.
Ngakhale sakonda maphunziro, arthur amakonda kuwerenga nthano ndi nkhani. Ngwaziyo inali yowolowa manja kwa anthu ndipo kamodzi adapereka mapaundi zana, omwe adasunga mu banki ya nkhumba, khola ndi mkwatibwi wake kuti athe kupeza chuma.
Grey anakula munthu wokongola komanso wachuma, anali ndi malo osungirako achikondi ndipo sanali ndi moyo wapadera monga makolo. Ngakhale kuti pali zofunkha za ubwana, ngwaziyo inakhala munthu wodekha, wodekha komanso wanzeru kwambiri ndipo anagwira ntchito motsimikiza za luso lam'sowe la seam.
Grey ankakonda nyanja kuyambira aang'ono. Ngwazi yomwe idathawa kunyumba ali ndi zaka 14 kuti akhale woyendetsa sitima, ndipo monga nkhalango yoyendetsedwa ndi wophunzira ku Morsille. Kuyambira pamenepo, ngwazi imayandama nthawi zonse ndipo amabwerera kwawo zaka makumi awiri. Pambuyo patapita kanthawi pambuyo pake, imvi adagula chombo chake ndikukhala kapitawo.
Grey adawonetsa kuti wamkulu wa "wamkulu" wachilendo pa ogwira ntchito, koma semen amakondedwa ngwazi. Grey amagwiritsa ntchito "ndege zosayembekezereka ndipo amakhala m'malo osakhazikika ndipo amakhala m'malo otalika kwa nthawi yayitali.
Ngwazi imagwira ntchito, koma yopanda pake. Imvi adavomera kunyamula katundu wokhawo chombocho, chomwe chimawoneka ngati "chowoneka bwino ndikusangalatsa malingaliro. Zonunkhira, portain, silika, fodya, khofi, mitengo yamtengo wapatali. "Kutopetsa" katundu, ngati sopo, misomali kapena magawo a magalimoto, ngwazi yopita kunyamula anakana.
Imvi yachikondi imamumasulira kuti "amadabwa kuti ndife ena. Panthaka iyi, ngwazi imachokera ku Isal, ngwazi zazikulu za nkhaniyi. Ali mwana, mtsikanayo anakumana kunkhalango ya osonkhana ena a kumeza dzina lake. Anathandiza mtsikanayo kuti abweretse boti la dzenje lomwe linali m'manja mwa Alami Lices ndipo adalonjeza kuti mtsikanayo akamakula, kalonga wake amapita kudziko lakutali.
Mtsikanayo akamayankhulana izi, nkhaniyo inali yambiri yovuta wopemphayo ndipo adafalitsa chigawo chonse. Anawo anayamba kuseka mnzakeyo. Mtsikanayo anali woyamba kuchititsa manyazi, ndipo tsopano anali wokondwa kukhala wamisala.
Imvi idagwa pafupi ndi malo omwe masitepe amakhala pomwe sitimayo imayenda pafupi, ndipo ngwaziyo idapita ku ngwazi yokhala ndi woyendetsa sitimayo. Grey adakhumudwa pa Isal mu nkhokwe, komwe adapeza mtsikana akugona. Mtsikanayo adagunda imvi, ndipo adachokapo, ndikuyika chala chake chaching'ono pa mysipiper.
Pambuyo pake, imvi anali pamalo odyera, pomwe wachichepere wachichepere adauza ngwazi yomwe sindool yomwe inali yamisala, yomwe inali yofananira pa sitimayo pansi pa sitimayo. Gmum imja inali "osati kuchokera kudziko lino", choncho adatenga mawu awa osakhulupirira komanso kuwamvera. Ngwazi zakula m'mabanja ndi mbiri yosiyanasiyana yazachuma komanso chikhalidwe, adapulumuka chokumana nazo chibanga, koma athetsa mtima moyo.
Ngwaziyo inapita mumzinda wotsatira, ndinagula silika yofiyira pabenchi, pomwe analamula kuti akasakake. Ophunzirawo adadabwa ndi zofuna za kapitalo kuti asinthe matawuniwo ndikupita kumudzi, koma zolengedwa zoterezi zinali zachikhalidwe za Graha.
Sitimayi pansi pa mafunde a Alaya idayandikira m'mudzimo, ndipo malo obisika adathamangira kunyanja. M'mphepete mwa nyanja, anthu okhala m'midzi yadzaza kale, omwe adasowetseka mwakachetechete. Imvi adatenga msungwana pa bwato ndipo adapita mchombo. Bizinesi ina ya ngwazi osadziwika.
Kutchinga
Mtundu woyamba wa nkhaniyo "Maulendo ofiira" adasindikizidwa mu 1961 mu studio ya mafilimu a Mosfilo. Wotsogolera Alexander Ptoshko adachotsa riboni, ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi a Lawva adabwera ngati Arthur imvi. Udindo wa ngwazi muubwana unachitidwa ndi Sasha Luppo. Kuwombera kunachitika ku Crimea ndi Abkhazia, komanso ku Baku.
Pali zosiyana pakati pa kanema ndi buku. Ngwazi zobiriwira zimagula chombo cha ndalama za amayi chomwe amasunga ubale wabwino. Mufilimu, imvi imalembedwa ndi woyang'anira sitimayo pachitetezo cha kapitawo wamkulu. Bukulo silikhala ndi nkhanza zandale, pomwe mu kanema wavidiyo zimawonetsera wochiritsidwa. Nthawi yochita zinthu mufilimuyi idasamutsidwa kuyambira pachiyambi cha zaka za zana la makumi awiri pakati pa zaka za zana la XIX.
Mu 1982, Boris Steantseva "Astol" adatulutsidwa, komwe masewerawa amaphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zojambula. Udindo wa gythur impor imvi umachitidwa pano ndi Actor Andrei Kharionov, ndipo ngwazi ngati mwana amasewera Andrei Gordov ndi Denis Bor. Mu kanema palibe zokambirana pakati pa ochitapo kanthu, mawu otero-amawu okha.
Mu 2010, mndandanda wa-sterlene waku Ukraine-Stelene wa Stebaine Wachi Ukraine wa "choonadi chonena za ngalawo zofiira" zidatulutsidwa. Script idakhazikitsidwa ndi ntchito zingapo zobiriwira - matabwa enieni, "Xaversi", "kuchokera pa khadi lokumbukira" ndi ena. Udindo wa Arthur imvi adachitidwa ndi Actir Alexander bukharov.