Pakati pa nyenyezi zoyandikana nazo zomwe danga lakunja limachotsedwa, pali zinthu zowonjezera zoyenda mosalekeza. Izi zikuphatikiza: Meteorite, galimoto, njira, condet ndi asteroiaidiid. Ena mwa iwo amagonjetsa mlengalenga padziko lapansi, kugwera munyanja kapena malo, ena amawotchedwa kapena kuphulika kulumikizana ndi dziko lapansi. Matupi owonjezerawa komanso mawonekedwe awo ali 24cm.
Kodi meteorite ndi chiyani komanso chosiyana ndi chiyani?
Ndege "Polar Owl": Mikhalidwe yomangidwa ndi kutsutsidwa
M Meteorite amatchedwa chinthu chapamwamba, chomwe chinafikiridwa padziko lapansi, osawotchedwa ndipo popanda chosweka mumlengalenga. Kuthamanga kwa thupi lozungulira lomwe limaganizira makoswe kuchokera pa 11 mpaka 70 km / s.
Mwa kukhudzika gulu la zinthu zomwe zikuyenda mlengalenga zokhudzana ndi mutuwo zomwe zikuwunikidwa, mitundu yotsatirayi ikufunika:
- Chombo - Zinthu zomwe zimawalimbikitsa kuzungulira dzuwa ndikupanga ayezi ndi mpweya. Mukamayandikira chiwonetsero chachikulu cha dongosolo lathu la dzuwa lathu, Condet limapangidwa mchira, lomwe limatambasulidwa kwa mamiliyoni a makilomita.
- Ofesa - Zinthu zowala zamoto za mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, mu mchira womwe chiuno cha Loop chimapangidwa. Mukuwuluka kuwuluka, galimotoyo imasindikizidwa, ofanana ndi omwe akung'ung'udza, nthawi zina thupi lakumwamba lomwe limawoneka likuphulika.
- Asteroids - Zinthu zowonjezera zokhudzana ndi gulu la matupi ang'onoang'ono a dzuwa. Kusunthira kumayendedwe ozungulira dzuwa, mainchesi awo amachokera mamiliyoni angapo makilomita mazana ambiri. ASTERIDS ambiri amakhazikika pakati pa marbits a Mars ndi Jupita.
- Methooras - Matupi oyatsira zachilengedwe amayaka pakhomo la mlengalenga ndikuyimira zotsalira za asteroids kapena ma conse.
Kuvula zomwe tafotokozazi, ndikofunikira kunena kuti kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa meteorite kuchokera kwa Meteori ndi kuti yoyamba ifika padziko lapansi, ndi lachiwiri limayaka pakhomo la mlengalenga.
Mitundu ya meteorites
Kuphatikizidwa kwa meteorites kumagawidwa m'magulu atatu:
- Mwala (pafupifupi 93%), makamaka yopangidwa ndi siltures. Pali ma subgroups awiri: Ondrices ndi Ahondriterites. Chondiriti amasiyanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zitsulo, nawonso ali ndi Chondra - mawonekedwe ozungulira okhala ndi siltures. Ahondritia - Protopenetic Zidutswa zowonjezera zomwe zimasungunuka ndikulekanitsidwa ndi zitsulo ndi zitsulo.
- Chitsulo (5.5-6%) - ndi chitsulo-nickel. Kupangidwa kwawo m'mbali mwambiri kumakhala ndi michere yambiri.
- Mwala wayisa (1.5%) - amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri. Mauosoderi a Mesoberi ndi chitsulo-miyala amiyala yopanda zodetsa. Pallonates ndi zinthu zapamwamba zomwe zitsulo zomwe zimaphatikiza ma winanivine a Olivine Olivine Oliva kapena zotsalira zawo.
A Meteortes amalandila mayina awo, kutengera malo opezeka pamalopo, monga, mwachitsanzo, ma tunguscy kapena a Chelyabinsk Meteoorite.
Kodi meteorite yemwe anapha anthu amene anapha ma dinaurs anali kuti?
Mwezi, womwe uli ndi malo owerengeka kwambiri kuposa dziko lapansi, umakhala wofatsa wa Meteorites pafupipafupi. Pambuyo pake, zidutswa zina za izo zimatumizidwa kudziko lapansi - nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa kumwamba ndipo zimatchedwa "nyenyezi zakugwa."Ngakhale kuti ambiri mwa "alendo ochokera kumadera" amayaka mumlengalenga kapena kumizidwa munyanja, pali zochitika zaphaso. Ngakhale nkhani zokhudzana ndi zomwe akhudzidwa ndi miyala yochokera kumwamba zidakumana ndi nthawi ya Ookasky, chochitika choyamba cholembedwacho chimadziwika kuti chikachitika mu 1888 ku Turkey. Kenako meteorite idalowa m'mlengalenga idapha munthu. 2016 imakondwereranso - pambuyo pa kuwomba kwamphamvu komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi kuwunikira thupi lozungulira ku India, driver wa basi adamwalira mumzinda wa Welle.
Mavuto a SYAPHYSYSYSYSYYYICS atadziwa za m'ma 1860 mpaka 2018, matupi ake akuluakulu a kumwamba
Crater Chiksuubu, yomwe ili pachilumba cha Yucatan ndi makhome akulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, ali ndi ma km ndi mainchesi 180 km. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti zapanga zaka 66-67 miliyoni zapitazo munthawi ya asteroid, miyeso yomwe ili 10 km. Mphamvu Kuchokera ku Tertali ndi Tertinton mu Ttatil yofanana, ndiye kuti, mamiliyoni ambiri a zida zamphamvu kwambiri za thermalide.
Katundu wa danga adawuluka pa ngodya ya 60 °, yomwe ndi yoipa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa sulufurted soluurts ndi kaboni dayoxide, monga mwa kuwerengera kwa asayansi, kutalika kwa fumbi ndi kutalika kwa 50 -100 m.
Chifukwa cha zochitika zosakhalitsa ndi nthawi yopezeka kwa dinosaurs, kugwa ndi thupi lozizira kwambiri ndipo limatchedwa chifukwa chomwe chinapha anthu akale padziko lapansi. Izi zimapangidwa mu 1970s ndi Alvares, banja la asayansi, dokotala Louis ndi mwana wake, katswiri wa akatswiri wa chipatala.
Anapezanso Iridium yomwe ili m'gawo la kugwa, pafupifupi pafupi ndi danga. Mpaka za Alvarez adayankha m'malo mwa asayansi, ndipo mu 2010, pomwe asayansi adakumana ndi chitsimikizo chazaka zambiri, malingaliro ake adayamba kudziwika kuti ndi otchuka.
Meteorites wotchuka
Meteorite kwambiri, okhazikika pamtundu wa anthu kuti akhale a Eru, amadziwika kuti ndi Goba - misa yake ndi yofanana matani 60. Mtunda wa map, pomwe mtembo wa kumwamba udapezeka, ndipo Namibia - Chochitika chinachitika zaka pafupifupi 80 zapitazo. Thupi lodzikongoletsa lomwe linapezeka posachedwa - mu 1920, mwini munda wa Goba-Wessing Famus anali paulimi kwambiri paulendo wolima maiko ake adapeza chinthu chachikulu. The Geob Meteorite kuyambira nthawi yomwe amadziwika kuti amataya matani 6 ndipo 84% inali ndi chitsulo, ndipo mu 1955 zidachitika ku National National of the Nations.
Fukhan Meteoriste, wopezeka mumzinda womwewo ku China mu 2000, mwina ndi thupi lokongola kwambiri lopezeka ndi munthu. Zinthu zomwe zimaganiziridwa kumwamba zimatanthauzira mtundu wa Pallolates, ndipo mkati mwake mumakhala makhividwe agolide a Olivane, komanso "zisachisa" za nickel ndi chitsulo. Amakhulupirira kuti amapangidwa zaka 4.5 biliyoni zapitazo pakupanga dzuwa.
Tungis Phenomenon
Mu Juni 1908 pafupi ndi mtsinjewo, mtsinje wa Tungako mu ufumu wa Russia panali dontho lazinthu: thambo linayatsidwa ndi kuwala kowala, monga mwa ndemanga za zodabwitsa, zinali zofiira, zachikaso ndipo zoyera. Anthu omwe adakwera pafupi ndi meteorite wa Tunguus, adagwa pansi, adadandaula za kutentha thupi.Nyimbo zochokera kuphulika zidamveka mtunda wa 1000 km kuchokera ku Epinsonteter, zotsatira za mafunde ophulika zidalembedwa ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana za dziko lapansi, ndipo mitengo ili pa bwalo 2000 km idanyozedwa ndi mizu 2000. Ma sensors adawonetsa mphamvu yophulika yofanana ndi 20-40 mt mu tnt zofanana. Ngakhale atafufuzanso kwina, asayansi adalephera kuzindikira zinthu, zomwe zingatsimikizire kusamvana kwa thupi ndi dziko lapansi.
Chelyabinsk "Mlendo"
Uwu ndi nthano yomwe idagwa ku Russia - ku Chelyabinsk mu February 2013 chifukwa chowola munthawi ya asteroid. Mwambowu unkayenda ndi mafunde angapo owopsa kufalikira kudzera mu Chigawo cha Chelyabinsk, komanso chinapangitsa kuwonongedwa kwa nyumba zowonongeka ndi anthu pafupifupi 2,000 anthu wamba. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa Nasa, mphamvu chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa thambo kunayamba kuchokera ku 350 mpaka 500 ct.
Zidutswa za chinthu chowonjezerapo zidapezeka m'malo angapo a dera la Chelyabinsk, ndi ziwalo zazikulu kwambiri za thupi la cosmime, zomwe zimapezeka ku Nyanja ya Chebral, imodzi yomwe imayikidwa mu boma la Museum of the Maliri akumwera.
Kodi mtengo wa meteorite umawononga ndalama zingati?
Ku Egypt wakale, anthu omwe anali ndi chisamaliro chapadera ankawathandiza pazitsulo zomwe zili mwa iwo mwa iwo, poganizira mphatso zawo za milungu, komanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zodzikongoletsera. Mpaka 40s zapitazo, zinthu zakuthambo zidalembedwa mu malo osungiramo zinthu zakale komanso zitunda zasayansi, ndipo kuyambira 1946, ogulitsa omwe adayitanitsa, ogulitsa ndi anthu omwe adayamba kutchula "kusaka kwa afero.Ngati zinthu zochulukirapo ndizo chidwi cha sayansi kwa asayansi, chifukwa ndi thandizo lawo, ndizotheka kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane za nkhani yatsopanoyi pomwe zidapangidwa, ndiye kuti kusaka meterites ndi njira yabwino yopindulitsa.
METEIte yodula kwambiri ya dziko lapansi yotchedwa Fukhan imawononga ndalama $ 1.7 miliyoni - kulemera kwake kunali 1000 kg, ndipo kapangidwe kazikulu ndi olickel ndi olivine. Anaphwanyidwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono ndikuyika pa malonda. Ngakhale mtengo wokwera mtengo wake womwe ungafune kukhala mwini wa thupi lowonjezerapo kukhala lopatsa thanzi.
Kufunafuna
Njira Zipadera Zitatu Zofunafuna Meteorites:
- Kuyendera malo omwe cholinga chake ndi chinthucho, kuyeretsa kotsatira kuchokera kudera kuchokera ku zinthu zakunja ndikuyika chizindikiro cha chizindikiro chapadera.
- Kufufuza pogwiritsa ntchito zojambula zachitsulo, monga momwe ma meterikiti ambiri amaphatikizira zitsulo.
- Kufukula kumene kumayambira zidole zojambulidwa ndi matupi owonjezera.
Kuyambira mu 2019 ndi mpaka pano, mainjiniya ochokera ku United States amafufuza kachitidwe ka anthu okhala ndi ma drones ndikuzindikira kuti akutuluka m'matumba a chilengedwe. Njira yoyambira siyidadzetse ntchito zazikulu, nthawi yomweyo zimadziwika kuti njirayi ikuyenda bwino ndipo posachedwa ifika pamlingo watsopano.
A Meterites amatanganidwa ndi malingaliro osati asayansi okha, ogulitsa, ogulitsa, omwe ndi anthu wamba, omwe ndikuthamangira kwa mtima kuwunika pamlengalenga, kusiya Kuwala kowala komanso kumverera kolumikizana ndi malo osatha. Koma gulu lasayansi siliyenera kuiwala izo, palimodzi ndi kukongola, meteorite amakhala ndi vuto lenileni la anthu. Chifukwa chake, ntchito yofufuza matupi ozizira m'magawo oyamba a kuyandikira padziko lapansi sikuyenera kutha konse.