Biography
"Peb tus nplaig qab zib, huv thiab zoo kawg li, thiab nplua nuj, tab sis peb coj lub tsev rau khoom zoo rau nws."Yog li Alexander Sumarokov tau sau, tus kws sau paj lug thiab cov neeg ua si, uas yog tus "txiv ntawm Lavxias theatre" yog qhov tseem ceeb. Ua tsaug rau nws cov kev siv zog, thawj ua yeeb yam tau tsa nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam, thiab rau hauv lub domestic ntaub ntawv ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua tau enriched nrog classic tej hauj lwm.Thaum yau thiab cov hluas
Tus tub ntawm Ensign Alexander Sumarokov tau yug rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 25, 1717 hauv tsev neeg uas tsis tau txais txiaj ntsig. Tau txais cov laus, yog li tus menyuam tau muab upbringing nyob rau hauv raws li kev coj noj coj ua. Raws li ib tug menyuam yaus, nws tau koom nrog kev nqus.
Xyoo 1732, cov tub ntxhais hluas los ua tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawm lub tsev vaj tse. Lub tsev kawm ntawv tau teem rau hauv kev npaj ntawm cov tub rog cov neeg ua, pej xeem thiab cov tsev hais plaub servers. Sumarokov tau txais kev kawm zoo heev, kawm keeb kwm, keeb kwm, kev cai lij choj, hom lus txawv teb chaws thiab lwm yam kev kawm. Txoj kev pab cuam tseem ceeb ntxiv kuj muaj fencing thiab seev cev.
Tau 8 xyoo, tus txiv neej hluas tau siv nyob rau hauv lub corps, nws nyiam cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev kos duab nrog txhua tus ntsuj plig, uas tau muab rau kev saib xyuas. Nws nyeem cov haujlwm ntawm cov kws sau ntawv Fab Kis thiab, xyaum lawv, sau cov paj huam thiab cov nkauj. Ntawm cov kws sau ntawv hauv tsev, vasily trediakovsky raug xaiv los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv hauv tsev. Sumarokov tau sau ntawv los txiav txim rau Comrades Oda hauv kev hwm Anna John, txiav txim siab nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd.
Tom qab ua tiav kev kawm xyoo 1740, nws tau los ua ib tus tub ceev xwm. Thaum 23, Alexander tau cuv npe los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv sau ntawm Miniha suav. Txoj hmoo xav tsis thoob nws. Tsis ntev, Sumarokov los ua rau koj tus kheej secretary ntawm Mikhail Golovin, thiab tom qab ntawd Alexei Razumovsky. Yav tom ntej, muaj kev ua haujlwm ci ntsa iab, tab sis qhov muaj feem thib tau yog cov ntaub ntawv. Tus kws sau paj huam tau nyeem los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Mikhail Lomonosov.
Ntaub ntawv
Cov neeg saib xyuas kev kawm tau lees paub lub npe ntawm Sumarokov ua tsaug rau cov khw muag khoom uas Petersburg aristocracy tau mus. Nws cov nkauj romantic tau xav tau heev. Ib tug ci ntsa iab tub ceev xwm tau tau zoo, cuag ib tug ua si hu ua "Heores". Yog li ntawd pib ua yeeb yam ntawm tus sau.
Lub tswv yim biography ntawm Alexander Sumarow yog kev cob cog rua nrog lub ua yeeb yam thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Nws tau tawm ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv cov cuab yeej cuab tam nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm 9 kev nyuaj siab, 20 tus neeg sau qoob loo, 3 offa radretto, paj huam, od, basen thiab ua haujlwm ntawm lwm hom. Nws cov hauj lwm tau tshaj tawm nyob rau nplooj ntawv ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm "ua haujlwm txhua hli". Tus kws sau paj lug tsim nws tus kheej tsab hu ua "Hardworking Bee".
Ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm cov kev ua si "Hamlet", "Saven thiab Trumor", "Ariston", "Semir", "Dimiz" thiab lwm tus neeg. "Heores" luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1747. Nws los ua tus thawj nyob rau hauv uas lub formative yam ntawm lub playwright twb saib. Cov khoom yog hais txog ancient Russia, None Kie thiab nws tus tij laug Korev. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub cuab ntxhiab, tragic kev hlub ntawm lub ntsiab cim thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub nroog, raws li zoo raws li qhov teeb meem ntawm tus kheej views nrog ib tug nqi.
Qee "kev loj", "Dmitry Samozvana", "Mstislav" qhia cov kev sib raug zoo thiab kev nom kev tswv views ntawm tus sau. Lub ntsiab cim nyob rau hauv lawv yog cov kav, thiab qee tau txuam nrog tus tawm tsam ntawm passions, tsis totaub ntawm txoj hauj lwm thiab tyranny. Ib tug feature ntawm lub xwm txheej ntawm Sumroikov tsis yog ib tug txiav txim, tab sis ntev lawm has lug hab cov cim nyob rau hauv uas tus sau lo lus cog tseg twb muab zais.
Ntawm cov comedies teej tug mus rau Peru ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam, tej hauj lwm ntawm Tresotinius, lub "npliag sib cav sib ceg", "tus neeg saib xyuas", "Lyochimets", "Curon rau lub tswv yim", "Leej niam ntawm nws tus ntxhais tus phooj ywg" thiab lwm tus neeg. Daim ntawm ib tug phau ntawv npaj tej yam uas cov cuab ntsiab txhais ntawm lub hero, lub cim twb coj, thiab kev twb kev txuas nrog cov kev muaj tiag yog indisputable. Ib tug kaj thiab kev paub qhia lo lus hais tias yog distinguished los ntawm cov phau ntawv dab neeg tej hauj lwm ntawm Sumaro.
Nws ua si ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub 18th caug xyoo. Ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm classicism tsim dramas, prose, kwv huam, lus ntsuag thiab epigram. Tshwj xeeb xim nws cov neeg tsim nyog nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ua yeeb yam.
Elizaveta Petrovna tsa Sumamov los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab, rau qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm tragedies thiab comedies, ua yeeb yam. " Siv cov kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov empress, lub kws sau paj lug pom lub department nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam, tau tso cai rau coj mus rau ntawm nom tswv cajceg minds. Cov xwm txheej no ntawm tus sau yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub repertoire.
Rau 5 xyoo, nws tau tsim ib tug mechanism yuav tsum tau tswj kom tswj, tab tom nrhiav rau thaj chaw, txais thiab ntxias. Lub playwright Corporate tswj kev, nws yog ib tug teeb meem kub-tempered txiv neej, tab sis nws rau siab ntso ua hlub art. Nyob rau hauv 1761, Sumarokow yuav tsum tau tawm ib tug nyiam tshaj plaws thiab txav mus los ntawm St. Petersburg rau Moscow.
Thaum kawg ntawm lub reign ntawm Elizabeth Petrovna thiab, tom qab lub yim ntawm lub zwm txwv, Catherine II, cov kws sau paj lug yog cov oppositionists. Nws sau cov xwm txheej uas questioning monarchs, thiab tsa ib tug nom tswv cajceg tiv thaiv nws tus kheej. Qhov tiag raug mob twb ua si tom qab nws ntse nqe lus rau tsoom fwv, thiab tus kheej lub neej ntawm Sasharov los ua ib tug yog vim li cas rau lub reassigns.
Tus Kheej Lub Neej
Alexander Sumarokov muab tau cov thawj nom uas txiav txim siab mus khwv tau txawj ua ub no. Nws tuaj nyob rau cov nyiaj txiag teeb meem vim muaj ib tug yooj yim kev xaiv, uas twb yuav tau ua nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm creativity. Feem ntau, xa mus rau cov tsiaj ntawv rau Catherine II, Sumarokov piav qhov plight ntawm txoj kev hlub rau art.Nws muab tso rau lub muse saum toj no tus zoo ibyam thiab ibyam. Thaum lub ncov ntawm Career, Sumarokov muaj ib tug loj nyiaj khwv tau los. Nws tej hauj lwm tau sau nyob rau cov nuj nqis ntawm lub txhab nyiaj, lub xeev them nyiaj impressive txhua xyoo laus, 300 serfs nyob ntawm lub pov tseg. Lub wasteful txoj kev ua neej thiab ua ntxiv coj mus rau puas thiab qhov nuj nqis.
Tau sib yuav rau German, Alexander Sumarokov pib nws cov hluas nkauj, leej twg tuaj mus rau hauv nws tus ntxhais. Nws yog ib tug ntxhais ntawm Kucher. Mob lub siab coj mus rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm tsev neeg. Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm tus txij nkawm nyob rau hauv 1769, lub kws sau paj lug yuav ib tug hlub, uas nws muaj ob tug me nyuam los ntawm lub sij hawm. Cov txheeb ze ntawm cov thawj tus poj niam tau lub tsev hais plaub thiab demanded lub deprivation ntawm nws niam txiv cov cai. Cov kws sau paj lug yeej rooj plaub, tab sis lub suab nrov foob tshwm sim los ntawm puas ntawm cov playwright. Nws twb nrhiav tau rau yam nplij yus siab nyob rau hauv dej cawv.
Thaum tsiv los ntawm St. Petersburg rau Moscow, ua tsis tau tejyam nyob rau hauv theatrical ua lag ua luam, Sumarokov Obrek tsev neeg nyob rau hauv ib tug nyuaj siab. Nyob rau hauv 1777, tus sau tus thib ob tus txij nkawm tuag. Tsis ntev lub kws sau paj lug txiav txim siab mus yuav tus ntxhais xeeb ntxwv ntawm lub kev tus poj niam. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, qhov txawv nruab nrab ntawm nws thiab tus nkauj nyab lees paub rau ntau tshaj 30 xyoo. Kab tshoob coj qhov chaw, thiab rau lub hlis tom qab, Sumarokov tuag.
Kev tuag
Haus dej cawv kev tsim txom, paj teeb meem rau lub hauv paus ntawm qhov kev nyuaj siab, thaum pib ntawm txoj kev dig muag tau muaj. Qhov ua rau ntawm kev tuag ntawm lub kws sau paj lug yog ib tug luv luv kab mob nyuab los ntawm concomitant yam. Nws tuag rau Lub kaum hli ntuj 11, 1777, tsis tau tawm hauv cov me nyuam qub txeeg qub teg. Tus kws sau ntawv tseem ob tug ntxhais los ntawm tus thawj sib yuav, raws li zoo raws li tus ntxhais thiab tus tub los ntawm lub Union nrog tus thib ob tus txij nkawm.
Cov txheeb ze Alexander Sumarov twb tsis muaj nyiaj txiag los them rau cov pam tuag. Nyob rau hauv lub xeem txoj kev nws twb nqa tawm nyob rau cov nuj nqis ntawm lub Moscow ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam. Lub ntxa ntawm cov kws sau paj lug yog nyob rau hauv lub toj ntxas ntawm lub Don Monastery. Cov kev tuag ntawm Sumaros commented rau ntau yam, unflattering txog lub playwright, tab sis nws pab kom txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ua yeeb yam yog ib qhov nyuaj rau underestimate.
Nthuav cov lus tseeb
Lub neej ntawm Alexander Sumarow yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv adventures, mas tus neeg mob thiab nthuav tseeb.- Lub tsuas genome nyob rau hauv uas tus sau yog tsis yooj yim mus ua hauj lwm yog ib tug epic paj huam. Pib sau "Dimitrirada", nws yeej tsis ua kom tiav txoj hauj lwm.
- Los ntawm kos npe rau "Epistole rau Lavxias teb sab warriors" npe A.S., Sumarokov khob qhov rooj cia cov txawj nyeem ntawv. Muaj coob tus tau txiav txim siab tias cov authorship belongs rau Alexander Suvorov.
- Cov kws sau paj lug ratified rau qhov tsis kam ntawm serfdom.
- Tsom ntsoov rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws sau npe nrov, nws liab "William Shakespeare raws li canons ntawm Classicism.
- Sumarov lub ntxa nyob rau lub sijhawm luv tom qab lub ntees tuag tau hnov qab thiab ploj. Nws tau pom nyob rau xyoo 1951, ib monument tau nruab rau ntawm qhov chaw faus neeg.
Bibliography
- 1747 - "Heores"
- 1750 - "Txuag thiab Stour"
- 1750 - "tresotinus"
- 1751 - "semir"
- 1758 - "Yaropolk thiab Dimiz"
- 1759 - "Ariston"
- 1765 - "Tus Saib Xyuas"
- 1768 - "txoj kev loj"
- 1770 - "Padders"
- 1771 - "Drammry Seludan"
- 1774 - "MSTOMY"
- 1787 - "Lynoimets"
- 1787 - "Peb Cov Kwv tij koom nrog"
- 1787 - "lom"
- 1787 - "Narcissus"