Tari
"Harshenmu mai dadi, mai tsabta, da mai arziki, amma muna kawo kyakkyawan shago a ciki."Se Alexander Sumaroov ya rubuta, "Marubucin kuma wasan kwaikwayon, wanda" mahaifin gidan wasan kwaikwayon Rasha "yana da mahimmanci. Godiya ga kokarinsa, an tashe su na farko da aka tashe a gidan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma wallafen gida na cikin gida na 18 ya wadatar da ayyukan gargajiya.Yaro da matasa
Dan Regandarg Alexander Sumarov an haife shi ne a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, 1717 a cikin dangin talauci. Sumarren ya tsufa, saboda haka an ba wa yaran tarbiyya daidai da hadisai. Tun lokacin da yake yaro, sai ya tsunduma cikin tumbers.
A shekara 1732, matashi ya zama ɗalibin gidajen gidaje. Wakilin ilimi ya mai da hankali kan shirye-shiryen sojojin soji, sabobin farar hula. Sumarokov ya karbi kyakkyawan ilimi, nazarin tarihi, Halitta, Yanayi, harsunan waje da sauran kimiyyar. Hakanan shirin wajibi ya hada da shinge da rawa.
Shekaru 8, cewa saurayin da aka kashe a cikin colps, yana ƙaunar adabin da fasaha tare da dukan ransa, wanda aka ba shi basira sosai. Ya karanta ayyukan marubutan Faransa da kuma yin kwaikwayon su, sun rubuta waƙoƙi da waƙoƙi. Daga cikin marubutan gidaje, an zabi masarovy drediovsky tsakanin marubutan gida. Salinokov ya rubuta don yin odar abokan gona na Oda na girmamawa a wannan lokacin.
Bayan kammala horo a cikin 1740, ya zama jami'i. A 23, Alexander ya shiga ma'aikatan ma'aikata a cikin tashar Miniha. Wucewa mamaki shi. Ba da daɗewa ba, Sumaroov ya zama sakataren mutum na Mikhail Golovin, kuma daga baya alei razumovsky. A nan gaba, akwai kyakkyawan aiki, amma fifiko ya kasance wallafe-wallafe. Wani mawaƙin farawa an karanta shi ta ayyukan Mikhail Lomonosov.
Litattafai
Masu sauraron mutane da aka sani da sunan Sumarov Godiya ga groughon inda Petesetburg ke tafiya. An bukaci maharan sa sosai. Wani jami'in mai haske ya sami nasara, yana gabatar da wani wasa da ake kira "Goreores". Don haka fara wasan drama na marubucin.
Tsarin ilimin lissafi na Alexander Secarow an haɗa shi da gidan wasan kwaikwayo da adabi. Ya bar zuriyar gado a cikin nau'i 9, comedies, 3 opera Libretto, waƙoƙi, bassen da ayyukan wani nau'in. An buga ayyukansa ne a shafukan mujallar "ayyukan wata-wata". Mawaki sun samar da aikin nasa wanda ake kira "kudan zuma mai aiki da kudan zuma".
Daga cikin bala'i na wasan "Hamlet", "Sarmei da bovor", "Ariston", "Semir", "datti" da sauransu. "Horeores" aka buga a cikin 1747. Ya zama kwarewa ta farko wanda aka dube shi da tsari na playwright. Samfurin ya kasance game da tsohuwar Rasha, yariman Kie da ɗan'uwansa Korev. A tsakiyar mãkirci, ƙauna ta ban tsoro tsakanin babban halayyar da kyawun birni, da kuma rikicin ra'ayoyin mutum tare da bashi.
Trafgedy "babbar hanya", "Dmitry Samozana", "MStislav" ya bayyana ra'ayoyin zamantakewa da siyasa na marubucin. Babban halin a cikinsu shi ne mai mulki, kuma bala'i yana da alaƙa da gwagwarmayar sha'awar, hankalinta da azzalumai. Wani fasalin bala'in balaga ne na sumroikov ba aiki bane, amma tsawan fadada jawabai wanda aka boye alkawarin marubucin.
Daga cikin mawuyacin cyring na Peru na Rasha, ayyukan Trsotinius, "Lyochimets", "Lyochimets", "Mama don hangen nesa" da sauransu. Guda guda na ƙasida da aka yi nufin bayyananniyar ma'anar gwarzo, haruffan sun gane, kuma haɗin da gaskiyar ba za a iya iya zama ba. Ana bambanta mai haske da faɗakarwa ta hanyar aikin ban dariya na Sumaro.
Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wallafe-wallafen karni na 18. Wakilin haske na yanayin halitta wanda ya kirkiro wasan kwaikwayo, litattafai, waƙoƙi, tatsuniyoyi da Epigram. Mahimawar mutum na musamman wanda ya cancanci dangane da tarihin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha.
Elizaveta Petrovna nada Sumamov ta farko darektan na Rasha, domin gabatar da bala'in da kuma comedies, gidan wasan kwaikwayo. " Yin amfani da amincewa da shahara, mawaƙi ya ga sashen a gidan wasan kwaikwayon, wanda aka yarda ya kawo hankalin tunanin. Bala'i na marubucin shine tushen sauƙin.
Shekaru 5, ya halicci hanyar da za a yi nasarar gudanarwa, neman gabatarwa, ba da kudi da masu fasaha. Kwarewar kula da wasan kwaikwayon na Playwright, mutum ne mai tsananin zafin rai, amma da aminci ya ƙaunaci art. A cikin 1761, Sumarroow dole ne ya bar abin da aka fi so ya motsa daga St. Petersburg zuwa Moscow.
A ƙarshen mulkin Elizabeth Petrovna da kuma, bayan da kursiyin Al'arshi, Catherine II, mawaƙin yana daga cikin 'yan adawa. Ya rubuta halaye da suke tambayar sarakuna, kuma suka kafa wani tsafi ga kansa. An buga rauni na ainihi bayan kalaman sa a cikin gwamnatinsa, kuma rayuwar Sasherov ya zama dalilin sake maimaitawa.
Rayuwar sirri
Alexander Sumarov ya juya ya zama farkon malamin da ya yanke shawarar samun ayyukan rubutu. Ya zo a fadin matsalolin kuɗi saboda zabi mai wahala, wanda ya kamata a yi shi a cikin goyon bayan kerawa. Sau da yawa, yana nufin haruffa zuwa Catherine II, Sumarov ya bayyana yanayin ƙauna don fasaha.Ya sa gidan yanar gizo a sama da darajoji da saƙo. A kan ganiya na aiki, Sumarov yana da babban kudin shiga. An buga ayyukansa ne a kashe baitulmalin, jihar ta biya babban ritayar shekara-shekara, 300 serfs sun kasance a wurin. Rayuwar Rayuwa da Ci gaba ta haifar da lalatattun bashin da kullun.
Yin aure ga Jamusanci, Alexander Sumarrov ya fara murkushe mahaifiyarsa, wanda yake shiga cikin 'yarsa. Ita 'yar Kucher ne. Soyayyar ta haifar da halakar dangi. Bayan rushewar mata a cikin 1769, mawaƙin ya aure ƙaunataccen, wanda yake da yara biyu a wannan lokacin. Daman mutane na farko sun cimma kotun kuma sun nemi izinin haƙƙin 'yancin mahaifiyarta. Marjojin sun yi nasara a kan lamarin, amma mizar mizen ya haifar da lalacewar wasan. Yana neman ta'aziyya a cikin barasa.
Bayan an motsa daga St. Petersburg zuwa Moscow, ya kasa cikin kasuwancin da ke tattare da shi, dangin Sumarov Omrek a kan wahala. A cikin 1777, Mawallafin Mawallafin ya mutu. Ba da daɗewa ba wa mawaƙi ya yanke shawarar auri yaran matar da ba ta dace ba. A wancan lokacin, bambanci tsakanin sa da amarya ta lissafta fiye da shekaru 30. Bikin aure ya faru, da watanni shida bayan haka, Sumarokov ya mutu.
Mutuwa
Albata zagi, cuta ta jijiya bisa matsanancin damuwa, farkon makanta ya ji. Dalilin mutuwar mawaki wani ɗan cuta ne mai rikitarwa ta hanyar abubuwan da suka dace. Ya mutu ranar 11 ga Oktoba 11, 1777, ba tare da barin gado na yara ba. Marubucin ya kasance da 'ya'ya mata biyu daga aurenta na fari, da kuma' ya daiya da ɗanta daga ƙungiyar tare da mata na biyu.
Dangane da Alexander Siyanov bashi da kudi don biyan jana'izar. A hanya ta ƙarshe da aka yi shi ne da za'ayi a kashe masu fasahar masu wasan kwaikwayon Moscow. Kabarin mawaƙi yana cikin hurumi na don Don Donyarwa. Mutuwar Sumarinos yi sharhi a kan mutane da yawa, ba ta gama magana game da wasan kwaikwayon, amma gudummawarsa ga ci gaban adabi da gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana da wahalar rashin sanin cikakken farashi.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
Rayuwar Alexander Sumarow ta kasance mai arziki a cikin Kasadar, Abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da abubuwan ban sha'awa.- Abinda kawai marubucin ya yi wahalar aiki shine wakilin almara. Fara yin rubutu "Dimitrira", bai taba kammala aikin ba.
- Ta hanyar sanya hannu kan "Epistole zuwa warriors na Rasha" Sunaye a.S., Sumarov ya buga masu karatu. Da yawa sun yanke shawarar cewa marubucin mallakar Alexander Sevareov ne.
- Wani uwargidan ya yi ta daɗaɗa da ƙidayar Serfom.
- Mai da hankali kan aikin shahararrun marubutan, ya sake yin "Hamlet" William Sharspeare daidai da canons na gargajiya.
- Kabarin Sashiv a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci bayan an manta da jana'izar kuma ya rasa. An samo ta a cikin 1951, an sanya wani abin tunawa a kan gyaran binnewa.
Littafi daya
- 1747 - Hore Hore "
- 1750 - "Ajiye da kwanciyar hankali"
- 1750 - "Trestoinus"
- 1751 - "Semir"
- 1758 - "Yaropolk da Dimiz"
- 1759 - "Ariston"
- 1765 - "Mai Guardi'a"
- 1768 - "babbar hanya"
- 1770 - "patders"
- 1771 - "Dmitry Google"
- 1774 - MSTSlav "
- 1787 - "Lyhoimets"
- 1787 - "brothersan'uwa uku sun shiga"
- 1787 - "guba"
- 1787 - "Narcissus"