Biography
The artist Kaspar David Friedrich, who belonged to the German School of Romanticism, has created dozens of outstanding paintings during the years of creative biography. His main interest was subjective contemplation of the surrounding life and the desire to transfer the emotional reaction to the changeable natural world.Childhood and youth
Kaspar David Friedrich was born on September 5, 1774 and was brought up in the German family, where there were 10 children. Early life was disadvasting, because in front of the future artist accidentally occurred, followed by the death of close people.
In 1781, he lost his beloved mother, who was a zealous Lutheran, like a mylovar father. Soon after, Sofi sisters, Elizabeth and Maria, and then Brother Johann Christopher at the bottom of the lake found his end.
This affected the impressionable child who became closed and loved drawing, so he was given to study at the Graphswald Art University. There, under the beginning of Johann Gottfried Kvistorp, who was considered a talented landscape system, Friedrich began writing from nature, being aged 16 years.
Together with classmates and teacher, the young man went on excursions around the surroundings and under the influence of the wholeworm Ludwig Kozhertena came to the conclusion that nature is God. And then he met with the theory of art and the works of the Netherlands painters, among whom Robed Campen, Petrus Christus and Jerome Bosch.
In 1794, Kaspar David moved to Copenhagen and entered the Danish Royal Academy, where he was dominated by the Bury and Natisk, which belonged to the direction of predocant. The teachers rejected the neoclassical ideals, putting the mood to the fore, and taught the wards, how to convey beauty and aestheticism.
Personal life
In 1818, Carolina Bommer became the wife of the painter, and then Emma's daughter was born in the family, which became the first of three children. After Frederick's personal life was filled with new sensations, his paintings became brighter, rich and frivolous.Unfortunately, feelings were gradually faded, and Friedrich began to suffer from loneliness, oppressed by the lack of admirers and a number of financial problems. In addition, in the mid-1830s, his health deteriorated sharply, and he spent the time, closing in the room and not communicating almost with anyone.
Painting
Having received an academic education, the German artist settled in Dresden, where at first did drawings for xylography and
Engaged in the manufacture of engravings. He worked as watercolor paints, pencils, ink and sepions and created an impressive series of sketches and landscape miniatures.
For early paintings, Caspar David was characterized by a workshop of lighting transmission, which was combined with optical effects in the image of mountains and rivers. And after the victory in the Weimar competition with a drawing "Procession at the dawn" on the canvas of a native of Greifswald, a person began to be present.
In 1808, Friedrich wrote an outstanding work that entered the photo albums and catalogs called "Cross in the Mountains". It was ordered for a family chapel and caused displeasure of opponents of secular painting, which did not want landscapes to appear on the altars.
Subsequently, this contradictory picture found a place in the castle of Count von Tun-Gainstein, and the artist who joined the romantics society became a member of the Saxon Academy of Arts. Having moved to Dresden, he continued his work and created the works of "Wanderer over the clouds", "Woman at the window", "on a sailboat" and "a man and a woman considering the moon."
These canvas, imbued with personal feelings, at first did not find buyers, but then the prince of Nikolay Romanov, known in Russia as a patron, learned about them. In 1820, he visited the painter workshop and, acquiring a number of major works, introduced an invaluable financial contribution to Friedrich's work.
The poet Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky became another benefactor of Kaspar David, who recommended the art of German to the Russian emperor and the royal family. Thanks to this, the paintings "Morning in the Mountains", "The Sunrise of the Moon by the Sea" and "Dreamer" along with a number of engravings and drawings were in the State Hermitage.
In the 1830s, when there was an interest in romanticism, the artist created a series of self-portraits and landscapes in the dark colors. The last works in his work became the "Stages of life", "Sunrise over Nebrandenburg" and "Memories of the Mountains".
Death
In June 1835, Kaspar David survived the brain hemorrhage, which took away the ability to work, and death, due to stroke, overtook him in 5 years. After the funeral in a number of German editions, artists about the artist-romantic appeared, which had an incredible ability to transfer feelings through the color and light.Paintings
- 1807 - "Fog"
- 1807 - "Cross on Mount" ("Tetcher's Altar")
- 1808-1809 - "Monk by the Sea"
- 1810 - "Monk's grave in the oak grove"
- 1812 - "Cross and Cathedral in the Mountains"
- 1816-1817 - "Neubrandenburg"
- 1818 - "Night in Porto"
- 1820-1840 - "Dreamer"
- 1822 - "Woman at the window"
- 1827 - "Hut in the snow"
- 1830-1835 - "Man and woman considering the moon"
- 1835 - "Stages of life"