Biography
Xenophon is an ancient Greek writer and a historian whose authorship belongs to several works. In them, he collected his thoughts and determined the point of view on economic, political and philosophical issues. The literary figure was also realized as a policy and a commander.Fate
Xenophon was born for about 430 BC. NS. in Athens. Experts suggest that he came from a wealthy family who had attracted to the riders. Childhood and youthful years of the writer passed against the backdrop of the Peloponess War. This causes a military education that he received a young man. From the young age, Xenophon was a follower of Socrates, which partly influenced the current worldview of the author.
Athens lost in the war, and anti-democratic moods that took the top in the territory of the Motherland, pushed Xenophon to departure. He joined the expedition of Kira. Subsequently, the commander led the airship during the deputation of the Greeks. Together with the allies, the man was held Babylon, participated in the battle of Kunakse, visited Armenia and Byzantium, Frakia and Pergam. In Mesopotamia, the hero got up at the head of the Greek troops and in Thrace was the commander-in-chief.
In Athens, the man was condemned for the state treason as the Spartan Council. Xenophon united with the ruler of Sparta Azhecilam, serving under his patronage. For some time, the warlord spent in a presented estate near the city of Skillunta, where he was engaged in literary activities before the war with the Fivans. The battle at Leftrakh revealed him to escape and forced to move to Corinth. By that time, when the sentence was abolished in his homeland, he could return to Athens, but the biography of Xenophon was shortwood soon.
The cause of the death of the commander was the old age. There is no information about the personal life of the commander.
Creation
The works of the author have survived in good condition and reached our days. Historians share the compositions of the writer in directions - "SUPPORT WORKS", to which "Memorbili", "Apology of Socrates", "Pier" and "Domostroy", the historical and political novel "Kropydia" and the manuscript "Anabasis" and "Greek History". Also, the works of "Agecilai", the "State of Lacedamyan", "Gieron", "On Horse Riding" and other works are noted separately.The vital philosophy and the worldview of the writer are clearly visible in writings. Being a defender of the Athenian people, he opposed democracy. Xenophon admired Spartan education by putting him as an example of the Athenians. The author often dismissed his thoughts from a third party, documenting them in peculiar conversations, the participant of which Socrates opposed.
The fundamental categories of xenophon considered cultivation and permanent learning. He preached the need for the ability to keep the economy and the presence of military skills. The literary figure considered the work of necessity that develops physical endurance. In the works of the author, open sympathy for people of the average estate, which become the basis of the state. To those who are not silent and is able to work for the benefit of the Motherland.
Reinforcement of the point of view of xenophon on the issue of a business device, a slave-ownership, relationship between family members was the composition of Domostroy. This is the quintessence of the philosophy of the aristocratic layers of society. The mentacle nature of the work on the author's plan assumes that his followers will focus on these recommendations in the education of the character and device of everyday life.
The state program and political views of Xenophon outlined in the composition of Memorbilius. There is no praise of Persians and Spartans, but the writer again represents his own views, publishing them under the name of Socrates. This work is a number of conversations in which the position of the policy is covered.
In the "Kropyedia", the writer discloses management ideas, recognizing the influence of economic factors for the life of society. The product with a narrative tonality is an example of fiction, analogue which is not in those days. By affecting philosophy and morality, the writer is expressed about courage, loyalty, love, combining reasoning with the practical informing of the reader about military tactics, types of equipment and the general training of employees.
The historical works of "Anabasis" and "Greek History" are considered reliable primary sources and are literary value. "Anabasis" has included 7 books. It is assumed that the publication of labor occurred anonymously, since in "Greek History" the author recognized: he does not intend to speak about the campaign of Cyrus.
In addition to the works of a major form, the writer expressed his views in small writings of political and military topics. These include "Agecilai", "Gieron" and "State of Lac Sedamyan". These creations confirm the anti-democratic position of the writer, praise concrete characters, exaggerating their qualities and the vigorous reality. Speaking in counterweights Assaila, the image of Gieron turns out to be negative. On this example, xenophon describes the positive and negative quality of the ruler.
"Lake Demonian State" is a conversation about the laws and decisions that are experiencing a person who approved them. It says a lot about the Spartan system. The disadvantage of the writings was the narrow political and historical horizon of xenophon. He was mistaken, thinking that any state, regardless of the scale, was able to function according to the Sparta example.
Historians are difficult to assume the date of creation of works by the author, but it is believed that he had an effort, on the basis of which the author wrote his writings. Such records include recreation memories.
The works of the literary figure differ in thought and integrity. The author's tongue is simple and understandable, his laconicity looks aesthetic. Rhetorical technique with analogy, antithesis and comparisons are characteristic of each of the works of xenophon.
Bibliography
- "Anabasis"
- "Greek History"
- "Kiropedia"
- "Agecilai"
- "Socrates' memories"
- "Protection of Socrates on Court"
- "Feast"
- "Domostroy"
- "Gieron"
- "Lake Sectional Politia"
- "Athens' revenues"
- "About Connection"
- "Hunting"
- "Hipparch"