Biography
Alexander Gorchakov from the young years he glanced in a born diplomat. Negotiation skills and ability to solve conflicts helped a man to build a brilliant career and win the favor of the Russian emperor.Childhood and youth
Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov appeared on September 4 (15) June 1798 in Gapsal (now Haapsalu, Estonia). He is a descendant of the princely kind, the father of the boy was Major General, the mother wore the title of Baroness and raised the Son of Charles from the previous marriage.
Sasha's early childhood spent on domestic training, and then he was sent to the Tsarskoyel Lyceum, where he met the future poet Alexander Pushkin, the relationship with whom was supported in subsequent years. Already at the young age of Gorchakov demonstrated a tendency to diplomacy, was interested in politics and literature, he could support a secular conversation. Educational institution The guy graduated from the guests.
Personal life
Personal life Minister was able to arrange already in adulthood, in 40 years. Alexander married the widow of Ivan Musina-Pushkin Maria Alexandrovna, who accounted for his daughter to his boss Dmitry Tatishchev. For the sake of marriage with the first beauty, then the chamber went with a hot beloved service to prove the future test that the chosen is more important for him. The couple had two sons, Mikhail and Konstantin, also briefly brought up the children of spouse from the past marriage.Career
The first steps in the career ladder Sasha made the rank of cameras-Juncker and often accompanied on the trips of the count of Charles Nesselrod. In the youth of Gorchakov managed to work in different countries of the world. He served as Secretary of the Russian Embassy in London and Rome, was an adviser in Berlin and Verona, an attorney in Florence.
In December 1825, the young man came to St. Petersburg to bring the oath to the emperor Nicholas. He became an involuntary witness to the infamous rebellion of the Decembrists, in which his comrades participated. Later, Alexander held Pushkin, who was in the link, which could adversely affect the career. After that, the poet wrote verse "Prince A. M. Gorchakov", in which a friend will tend to a friend on the lyceum "Happy way."
It was not possible to avoid troubles because of personal acquaintance with the Decembrists, Gorchakov failed, he was accused of what he knew about the conspirators, but did not tell her to higher authorities. Despite this, the prince was not convicted and continued to receive enhancement. He was prescribed by a chamber, the title of which the diplomat retained even during the period of temporary resignation.
The years after returning to the service of Gorchakov spent in Germany. Initially, he was sent to Stuttgart to promote the marriage of Russian princes with a German prince, but eventually stayed in the city as an emergency envoy for 12 years. In 1850, he began to work in parallel in Frankfurt am Main, where he shoved with the Otto Chancellor. Bismarck.
When the Crimean War began, a man performed the duties of the ambassador in Vienna. During this period, Russia and Austria's relations aggravated, which resulted in the threat of the appearance of a new enemy. But the decisive and accurate actions of Gorchakov helped preserve the fragile world between countries. After the resignation of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Alexander was appointed to this position.
Subsequent years, the prince spent, trying to preserve the neutrality of the Russian state. His policy led to a temporary rapprochement with France and Germany, but still failed to avoid war. When Russia united with Prussia in the general desire to solve the "Polish question" and avoid the uprisings, the Austro-Prussian war began, which ended with the victory of the latter.
The diplomat remained faithful to friendship with Otto Bismarck and took measures to be promoted by Prussia in the war with France. He managed to keep the Austria from interference with the conflict, and then achieved the revision of the "Paris World" conditions - a treatise signed before his appointment to the post of Minister. According to the new conditions, the Russian Empire got the opportunity to keep a military fleet in the Black Sea previously considered to be neutral waters. For his actions, Gorchakov received the title of the bright prince.
However, after the victory over France, the relationship between Prussia and Russia has changed, because Bismarck no longer needed an ally. He contributed to the formation of a three-way union, in which the Russian state was dependent on Germany and Austria.
Alexander naively continued to believing his German friend until 1879. It all ended with the Berlin Congress, convened after Russia's victory over Turkey, and the defensive union, which Bismarck concluded with Vienna against the Russian state. During this period, health began to bring Gorchakov, and he almost did not participate in affairs, and in 1882 he referred to the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs Nikolay Girsu.
Death
The man was held the title of Chancellor of Russia until recent days. His biography broke off on February 27 (March 11) of 1883, in old age, the exact cause of death is unknown. In memory of the prince, his portraits, written by the famous artists, and black and white photos remained.Memory
- 1998 - Founded by the International Fund of Chancellor Gorchakov
- 1998 - Bust A. M. Gorchakov was opened in the Alexandrovsky Garden in St. Petersburg
- 1998 - Gorchakovo Memorial Plank was opened at the former building of the Russian Foreign Ministry in St. Petersburg
- 1998 - School named after Gorchakov in Pavlovsk, St. Petersburg
- 2014 - a monument to A. M. Golchakov in the courtyard of MGIMO