Biography
Patriarch Hermogen is a clergyman who managed the Russian Orthodox Church from 1606 to 1612. The church actor opposed the invasions of the Poles, which were carried out on the native land in troubled times, and prevented the waters of Catholicism. He showed himself as a true patriot of state, and history keeps the memory of Hermogens as a sacred car and an intercession of Orthodoxy.The beginning of the way
The exact data on the biography of the Hermogene was not preserved, and the evidence of its activities are perpetuated by the records made by contemporaries and descendants. Presumably, he was born in 1530 and was a peer of Ivan the Terrible. Among the historians there is an assumption that the child named Yermolam in origin was related to the Don Cossacks or to the dynasties of Shui and Golitsyn.
Junior he moved to Kazan, where his shelter became the Transfiguration Monastery. Here the young man established himself in faith and decided to devote himself to serving the Lord. In the 1570s, Yermola lived in the arrival of the Saint Nicholas of the Saint Nicholas Church and performed the responsibility of the priest.
In historical sources, describing the lives of the Patriarch, is mentioned a case that is called a miracle. In 1579, during the strongest drought, a monstrous fire occurred in Kazan. The flame was challenged from the Holy Nikolsky church to the Kremlin, and then it spread on the roofs of the houses.
While the fire was lying, the daughter of Sagittarius was a vision of the hidden icon of Our Lady. The shrine found where the girl predicted. The ministers of the church and the townspeople organized a congestion. They moved the icon to the Blagoveshchensky Cathedral. In the course of the service there was a healing of two blind. Hermogen was a member of the event and a witness to what was happening.
Life and feat
In 1587, the priest accepted the victim and became the monastery of the Moscow miracle of the monastery. Two years later, he received San and subsequently due to the overall of Patriarch Iova became Metropolitan. At the initiative of Hermogene in 1591 in Kazan, the day of the memory of Orthodox soldiers who fell during the city takes. For the blessing of IOW, this innovation was approved.Hermogen distributed Orthodoxy among other nationalities. He shared knowledge with Tatars and representatives of Turkic nations.
In 1598, King Fyodor Ivanovich died, and Boris Godunov came to power. Hermogen attended when electing a new monarch. After graduation from the throne, Lhadmitria I, Metropolitan worked in the Boyarskoy Duma, but he opposed an opponent of the impostor. He demanded the baptism of Marina Mnishek and opposed the election of Patriarch Ignatia.
When in 1606, Grigory Oreveyev was overthrown, the government focused in the hands of Vasily Shui, and Hermogen replaced hated Ignatius. Shuisky was afraid that his place could take Philaret, but in the 1606th Patriarch was approved in San. Despite the disagreement and the obvious confrontation with the king, Hermogen always defended him.
Trust in Shuisky undermined the peasant uprisings and the appearance of Falsitriya II. A conspiracy arose, as a result of which the overthrow of the king was planned. Hermogens led to the frontal place and demanded support in the issue of a government coup. Patriarch performed a feat, putting his own life at risk. He made a patriot and refused to indulgently rebel. Buntari moved to the side of Falgestmitria II. Hermogen sent them two letters following them, signing back to the right way and repent.
At first, the instigators could not call the people to the uprising, but the nose of the king still took place in the 1610th. Until the last moment, Hermogen spoke on the side of the monarch. Even being imprisoned in the miracle monastery, the Patriarch demanded to return the king to the throne. Power switched to the hands of Semiboyarschin. The clergyman condemned these changes and tried to organize elections for the construction of the Russian king. But the ruler was elected Vladislav Sigismundovich. The Hermogen had to recognize his status, subject to the baptism and elimination of speech warriors with a compulciety from the Russian Earth.
During the Polish invasions, the Patriarch turned to countrymen for help, and his appeal was supported by the defenders of their homeland. Kazan brought a copy of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, who became the main shrine of the national militia.
During the attack of Moscow, Hermogen was captive. He was abandoned from Sana and sent to the dungeon of the monastery. Poles have repeatedly demanded the cessation of resistance, but the church servant ignored the messages and called on patriots not to give up. Reficuring the Poles, the monk to circumvent himself to death, the reason for which hunger was hunger and thirst.
Death
The Hermogen was shrouded in imprisonment, but his case was completed. In October 1612, Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozhasky expelled the boards from Moscow. Six months, Mikhail Romanov became king, who won the patriarch.
In 1652, the remains of the church minister moved from the miracle of the monastery to a large Assumption Cathedral and were located in a wooden tomb. Cancer for the relics was ordered by Nikolai II. Hermogen was ranked in the face of saints and was recognized as a priest in 1913. Every year on March 2 marks the day of the patriarch.
West
In 1913, the first temple was consecrated in honor of Hermogens. It was organized by the Russian Monarchic Assembly. After 3 years in the publication "Theological Bulletin" published Akathist to St. Hermogen.After 100 years, in 2013, a monument was opened in Moscow in honor of the Holy. Monument is located near the Kremlin walls, in the Alexandrovsky Garden. Sculpture authors - Salavat Shcherbakov and Igor Voskresensky. A year later, the Armenian community of Almetyevsk sponsored the opening of the monument and the Kazan Cathedral of the city. Believers and today pay their prayers to the Holy Hermogene.
Patriarch Hermogene in Culture
As well as the feat of Ivan Susanin, the acts of the Patriarch of Hermogene left a trace in history, perpetuating his name as the hero of the era.
The fate of the clergyman, whose role in the history of the state is difficult to overestimate, repeatedly inspired the descendants. His name is mentioned in the "New Tale of the Orthodox Russian State" created in 1611. Patriarch is dedicated to the Opera "Saint Hermogen". The image of the hero was embodied in the production of the "royal way", which was on the scene of the Moscow Theater of the Russian Drama. In 1860, Pavel Chistyakov wrote a picture dedicated to the refusal of Hermogens Poles.