Biography
Music of Veniamine Basner is familiar to every Russian. The lyrics, the melody to which he composed, was printed in the Soviet years on the covers of school notebooks. The same composition "where the motherland begins" was played by Vladimir Putin's piano in his only musical performance."I am a Russian composer of Jewish nationality," Veniamin Efimovich said about himself.Childhood and youth
Several generations of the ancestors of the composer lived in Dvinsk. This name of the town in the south-east of Latvia received in 1893. Previously, he was called Dinaburg, and now it is called Daugavpils. In 1897, the Jews amounted to almost half of the population of Dvinsk. However, Veniamin was not born in Western Dvina, but in the top of the Volga - in Yaroslavl, where the Basner moved at the beginning of the First World War.
The composer was born on New Year's Eve of 1925. Veniamin is a senior of three sons of Efim Semenovich and Roses Grigorievna Basner. Father at the time of the birth of the firstborn was 25 years old, and Mother - 18. The younger brothers of Veniamine chose a scientific path: Herman defended his thesis on medicine, and Mark became a candidate of physico-mathematical sciences.
Both Veni's grandfather were tailoring during the cutting and tailoring of clothing Jewish songs. Uncle Yakov, Professional Military, played the violin, and Aunt Inna - on the piano. Once a 3-year-old Veniamin saw a small children's violin in the store window. The boy has not fallen behind the mother until she bought him a tool. Preserved children's photo of a fable with a violin.
At the end of the 30s of the 20th century, Veniamin visited the concert of the State Symphony Orchestra in Yaroslavl in Yaroslavl. The musicians performed the fifth symphony of Dmitry Shostakovich, who became a teenager idol. After 10 years in Leningrad, Basner not only met, but he became friends with Dmitry Dmitrievich.
In 1940, after the end of the music school, Veniamin entered the appropriate school. Both educational institutions wore the name of the outstanding tenor Leonid Sobyanov. The talented young man took immediately to the 2nd course. In 1941, in connection with the beginning of the war and the departure for the front of most teachers, Basner "jumped" to the 5th course and in 1942, graduating from training, became the soloist of Yaroslavl philharmonic.
At the age of 18, the violinist received an agenda was credited to the cadet to the Leningrad Artillery School, evacuated in Kostroma. Fortunately for Veniamine and Soviet music, his game on the violin heard the head of the school, General Vasily Stheshyngin and translated the gifted young man into a musical platoon. The most difficult war years the future author of the song "For the rest of his life" conducted for the arrangement of works for military orchestras, rehearsals and repair of musical instruments.
In 1944, the demobilized Basner came to Leningrad and entered the conservatory, and in 1949 he became a soloist of the pop-symphony orchestra of the Leningrad Radio. The impressions of Veniamine from the destroyed, but not broken city subsequently formed the basis of the composition of the "Poem about the deposited Leningrad" and Symphony No. 2 "Blockada".
Personal life
In his personal life, the composer was not so constant as in love for music, and brought three times. Nina Khaimovna Kaplan's first wife was older than Veniamine for 2 years. Young people met in 1947 in the city on the Neva. The wife gave birth to two daughters, Olga and Elena, the youngest of which is now working as a consultant for the bukowski Swedish auction house. In 1969, spouses separated the death of Nina.The second wife of Veniamine Efimovich Lyudmila Pavlovna Suchukov was a colleague of the composer, and in the age of a man in his daughter. Children in this marriage were not born. A woman is known as the author of the music to the Lyric Cinema Comedy Eduard Gavrilov "My Anfisa", the main roles in which the actors Marina Levutov and Leonid Caiurov were performed.
At the remedy, Basner again became a father. Daughter Anyu (Avital) Veniamina Efimovich gave birth to Aycere (Luchery) Rasimovna, in Maiden, who wearing another famous "composer" surname of Gubaidullina. The third spouse the musician dedicated the symphony of "Love".
In 2005, the widow released the book "Composer Veniamin Basner: Creative Way." According to the memories of Isle Rasimovna, the spouse was generous, hospitable and able to rejoice in other people's successes.
Music
In addition to those who received the nationwide love of songs, "Three Musketeers" and Opera "Wounds", numerous musicals and chamber-vocal compositions came out of the composer's feather. However, like his foreign colleagues-contemporaries Nino Rota and Annio Morrison, Basner became most famous for the soundtracks to the films.
Among the paintings, the music to which Veniamin Efimovich was created, not only military-patriotic tapes ("the fate of a person", "front behind the line of the front", "blockade"), but also a frivolous "striped flight" and Samson SMSonov's "Mousetrap" detective.
In the film Mikhail Yershova "Native Blood", lifted to the native to composer of the Yaroslavl region, the Music of Basner is no less significant than the acting works of Evgenia Matveev, Vii Artman and Anatoly Papanova.
The cooperation of Matra with the director Vladimir Basov was fruitful. "Shield and Sword", "Turbine Days", "Dangerous Rotation" - Here is a list of good luck creative tandem.
On the slope of the years, Veniamin, Efimovich returned to the music that prompted him to take the violin into his hands. In 1994, he opened the "Simha" theater in St. Petersburg ("Joy"), for which the musical of Jewish happiness wrote. Unfortunately, the theater of the bad survived its creator.
Death
The musician died early in the fall of 1996 at the cottage in the Rampino village, on the Karelian Isthmus. The reason for the death of the composer was the heart attack. The grave of the Basner is located in the Cemetery in Komarovo, where 30 years before Veniamine Efimovich buried his favorite poetess Anna Akhmatov. In the same neatropol, the last shelter was the artist Nathan Altman - the author of Portrait Anna Andreevna in his youth.
The discography of the Basner continued to replenish after his death. In the year of the collapse of the composer on the screens, Gennady Poloki "Return" of the Barny "", the soundtrack to which he became the swan song of Veniamine Efimovich. In the zero years of the XXI century a number of disks with the music of the Basner.
The surname of the composer is assigned asteroid number 4267. In 2003, the memorial plaque in memory of the Veninee Efimovich was established in Yaroslavl, on a wooden house where the biography of the musician began, and in 2005 - on the facade of the house number 16 on the embankment of washing in St. Petersburg, where He lived and worked for many years. On the blackboard in the northern capital reproduced the first notes of the song "where the homeland begins".
Discography
- 1962 - "V. Basner - 3rd quartet of La Minor
- 1966 - "Veniamin Basner, Orest Evlakhov - Three Musketeers / Ivushka"
- 1968 - "A.Petrov, V. Basner - Shore of Hope / Immortal Garbiz"
- 1981 - "Songs of Veniamine Basner"
- 1985 - "Eight poems Anna Ahmatova / Sonata for Violin and Piano / Quartet No. 5"
- 2001 - "Veniamin Basner ... for the rest of his life. Songs about war "
- 2001 - "Veniamin Basner. White acacia bunch of fragrant ... songs from movies "
- 2004 - "Veniamin Basner. String quartets »
- 2006 - "Veniamin Basner. "You and me""
- 2007 - "Veniamin Basner. Works for the violin "
- 2007 - "Veniamin Basner. Suites for symphony orchestra from movies "
Music to films
- 1956 - "Man was born"
- 1959 - "The Fate of Man"
- 1960 - "Michman Panin"
- 1961 - "Striped flight"
- 1963 - "Native Blood"
- 1968 - "Shield and Sword"
- 1972 - "Dangerous Rotation"
- 1975 - "For the rest of my life"
- 1976 - "Turbine Days"
- 1977 - "Blockada"
- 1990 - "Mousetrap"
- 1996 - "Return" Bremen All ""