Biography
Andrei Tupolev is a designer who has developed over hundreds of types of aircraft. Achievement of a scientist in the development of aircraft enterprises and contribution to science is equivalent to the merits of Sergey Queen in rocket education. The man-era Tupolev brought up the Pharyd of the students who continued his life.Childhood and youth
The author of Aphorism "fly only beautiful aircraft" appeared in the fall of 1888 in the now the non-existent village of Pustovazovo Tver province. Andrei - the sixth of the seven children of the provincial notary, the difference from the Cossacks Nikolai Ivanovich Tupolev, forced to bring ends with the ends, to engage in agriculture, and the nobility of Anna Vasilyevna Lisitsyna.
When Andrew was born, his father was 46 years old, and the mother was 38. The boy had the older selent brothers and Kolya, as well as sisters Natasha, Tanya, Vera and Masha. Father did not allow family members to idle. According to the memories of the aircraft designer, in childhood he passed the distance between the two Russian capitals, mastered the carpentry skills and the skills of metal processing.
The ability to work with his hands was useful Andrei and in the Tver Gymnasium, and in the Moscow High Technical School, where the young man came in 20 years. In secondary educational institution, parents could not pay a tour of the cities of the Russian Empire, which was proposed to go to students. Then Andrei offered the director of the gymnasium to buy the wooden models of ships made by them. The head of the educational institution knocked out the financing of the trip of the Gymnasian Tupolev from the Funds of the Society of Lovers of Natural Science.
In a technical school, which now wears the name of the revolutionar Nikolai Bauman, the ability of Andrei appreciated the creator of aerodynamics Nikolai Zhukovsky and instructed the young man to establish an aerodynamic laboratory. In 1910, Tupolev was the first and last time in life piloted an aircraft - built with his comrades a glider, which flew through the River Jauza and landed in Lefortovo safely.
In the youth, the aircraft designer became interested in revolutionary activities and entered into the party of Serc. For the spread of illegal literature student arrested. From the royal styles of Tupolev, they were released only because of the death of the father, but the young man was sent to a small homeland, and he was able to complete a higher education at the age of 30.
Personal life
The successful work of the designer contributed to the reliable rear and happiness in personal life. With the future wife of Julia, Julia Zhettyakova Tupolev met, working as a nurse in the hospital during the First World War. In honor of the wife, Andrei Nikolayevich later called the daughter, who became his personal doctor, and granddaughter.
By registering in the registry marriage with a pretty nurse, Tupolev settled in the apartment of the mother-in-law. Yulia's mother, a nobleman in origin, first looked at the choice of her daughter, but, after the son-in-law had established a hot water supply and built a smokeless oven, changed the attitude towards Andrei.
The wife began Tupolev with a reliable assistant, translator and an abnormal designer of the Tupolev aircraft of Tu-70 and Tu-104, led the selection of lamps and fabrics for the upholstery of the seats. In mature years, Yulia Nikolaevna accompanied her husband in foreign trips.
Tupolev communicated with Defense Minister Dmitry Ustinov, Minister of Aviation Industry by Peter Dementiev and the author of the words of the Soviet hymn Sergey Mikhalkov, thanks to friendship with whom the designer's grandchildren read books with poems about Uncle Step with the writer's autographs. Among the hobbies of Andrei Nikolayevich were horticulture and hunting for quail. In childhood, the grandchildren of Tupolev played with wooden toys that Grandfather Masterille in Leisure hours specifically for them.
The descendants of the aircraft player continued his dynasty. Son Alexei from 17 years old worked in KB Father as a designer and developed the tail of the fuselage for Tu-2, and in recent years the existence of the Soviet Union led the department of aerodynamics of aircraft at the Moscow Aviation Institute and created the world's first supersonic passenger aircraft. In 1995, Alexey Andreevich participated in the Tikhonov - Tikhonov-Tikhonov block in the elections to the State Duma.
The grandson of Andrei Nikolayevich, named after the grandfather, is now headed by the Center for Marketing Studies of OJSC Tupolev. The aircraft was and son-in-law Tupolev Vladimir Vul.
Avia Control
Tupolev and his teacher Nikolay Zhukovsky were able to convince the leadership of the young Soviet state in the need to develop the domestic air industry and the feasibility of all-metal aircraft enterprise. Easy, but durable duralumin replaced in airplanes and fragile wood and heavy iron.The initials of the designer and the first letters of his names formed the names of the Soviet aircraft of ANT and TU. It is on the product of the engineering thought of Tupolev - AnT-25 plane - Valery Chkalov made non-stop flights Moscow - UDD and Moscow Island - North Pole - United States of America.
However, the pilot Sigismund Levanevsky in 1935 was unable to perform a pre-advertised flight of Moscow-San Francisco on the plane of the same series and in the presence of Joseph Stalin accused Tupolev in conscious hydration. Also failed the multi-power airplane ANT-20 ("Maxim Gorky").
In 1937, Andrei Nikolayevich and his wife were arrested. The first year of conclusion was the hardest. The designer did not beat, but exacerbated by many hours standing. In addition to the permit, Tupolev has been incriminated with many years of cooperation with French intelligence and leadership of the anti-Soviet organization.
The designer first agreed with all the points of the prosecution, and then began to appeal them. Tupolev sentenced to 15 years in prison, but soon the conditions were softened. Andrei Nikolayevich and other aircraft designers from Butycan prison were transferred to the so-called "charation". Scientists were engaged in engineering and received full nutrition, but were separated with families. With the beginning of the war, Andrei Nikolayevich was released and filmed a criminal record with him, and in 1955 they were completely rehabilitated.
The Tupolev, developed by the Design Bureau of Tupolev Tu-2 (Piking Bomber) made a huge contribution to the victory: 750 aircraft of this brand fought on the fronts. After the war, Andrei Nikolaevich and his KB created the Tu-4 strategic bomber.
Tupolev also author of the first Soviet reactive Civil aircraft Tu-104, the world's first supersonic passenger passenger aircraft Tu-144, whose photo was posted on the Soviet brand of 1969. In the 70s of the 20th century, the OKB, created by Andrey Nikolayevich, under the leadership of Valentina Krnyuk, developed a Tu-160 missing machine with a variable wing geometry.
Death
In the early 20s of the 20th century, Andrei Nikolayevich because of the tuberculosis pneumonia, one light was removed. Doctors told the patient that you can live long if you avoid overloads. Arrests and exhausting labor led to the recurrence of the disease.
Tupolev died in a dream on the night of December 22nd, 1972. On the last evening, the aircraft designer joked and built plans for a summer holiday in Crimea. Andrei Nikolayevich's grave is located on the Novodevichy Cemetery of Moscow.
Memory
- In 1979, director Daniel Khrovitsky took off the film "Wings" about the biographies of Tupolev and immigrant Igor Sikorsky in the US. The role of Andrei Nikolayevich was fulfilled by Vladislav Stroelchik, and Igor Ivanovich created Yuri Yakovlev.
- The name Tupolev is wearing a State Technical University in Kazan.
- Since 2018, the name of the scientist is assigned to the Moscow Airport "Vnukovo".
- Tupolevskaya streets and Tupolev Streets are in both Russian capitals, Prague and Ulan-Ude, Kiev and Amsterdam.
- In 2016, the book of Adeli Nurmukhametova "Andrei Tupolev" was published in the "Great Lights of Russia" series.
- On June 6, 2020, on the TV channel "Star", which has already issued a transfer in the "Last Day" cycle about Tupolev, a premiere of the documentary film "Winged metal" took place.
Awards
- Three times Hero of Socialist Labor (1945, 1957, 1972)
- Eight orders of Lenin
- Order of the October Revolution
- Two Orders of the Red Banner
- Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the RSFSR
- Leninsky Prize
- State Prize of the USSR
- Golden Aviation Medal Fai
- Leonardo da Vinci Prize