Biography
Noah Khomsky is known not only as a linguist, but also as a critic who opposed the US government's foreign policy. In the world of science, the classification of formal languages developed by scientists was popular. The works of the researcher, the main ideas became the base for the development of cognivistism and psycholinguistics.Childhood and youth
The philosopher was born on December 7, 1928 in Philadelphia in a Jewish family. Parents appeared on the territory of the Russian Empire, and after immigrated to America. Both were carriers of Yiddish, however, for family communication, this language was not used. Father was engaged in linguistics, taught at the university.
In his youth, the young man entered the University of Pennsylvania, where he studied languages and philosophy. During this period, Professor Zellig Harris influenced the formation of the scientific, political and anarchist views of a young man. Having received a brilliant education, Noah wanted to devote himself to science.
Personal life
Personal life in the biography of the researcher can be called calm and harmonious. In 1947, the young man had a novel with Carol Chaz, his childhood friend. In 1949, lovers played a wedding. Three children were born in marriage. Spouses lived inseparably to the death of a woman in 2008. History retained a photo of a happy family.At the beginning of the 50s, the scientist with his wife went to live in Kibbutz - an agricultural commune located in Israel. In this community, the community of property and equality in labor and consumption was promoted. After some time, the couple returned to the states, since ideological and nationalist ideas reigning in the kibbutz were pressed.
Scientific activity
In 1955, Homsky defended his doctoral dissertation, on the basis of which later created the book "Syntactic structures". In this work, published in 1957, the author, according to researchers, made a real revolution in linguistics. Created by a man the theory of generating grammar (generalitism) had an impact even on the directions of the science of language that did not accept the theory of the scientist.
The essence of the exercise was to analyze the transformation and structural rules. Noam noted that having a set of grammatical laws, people can create an unlimited number of proposals. The method of constructing language expressions is part of the genetic code. The subjects enjoyed by the language do not realize that the structural principles are used in speech and writing, as well as most of their own biological and cognitive characteristics.
Over time, the theory was complemented by other provisions. Homsky argued that for the development of children of other languages, memorization of lexical units (words) and morpheme is required. The ideas of the researcher, presented in theory, had an impact on scientific tract, studying the processes of information processing the brain.
The book of Noama "man talking ones was devoted to the same problem. Evolution and language. " Exploring the issues of the nucleation of the language, the author talks about how a person learns to speak, as tangled and thinking, about the ability to easily absorb their native speech, but hardly studying foreign and other. This work of Linguist created in collaboration with Robert Berwik, engaged in developments in the field of artificial intelligence.
Studying cognitive psychology, Homsky wrote the work "Quiet weapons for calm wars", in which the principles of influence on human consciousness through the media. Later on the basis of this study, a man created an article "10 Matters Methods". In it, the author listed such methods of the state's impact on the behavior of people as distraction, delaying performance and others.
This work got close to the topic and the book "Production of Concord". In it, Noam, together with Edward Herman, presented the theory called the "propaganda model". According to the ideas of researchers, the media are enterprises engaged in selling goods. Only in this case is not the news, but the audience. The goods are transferred to other enterprises - advertisers using different ways to manipulate.
In the scientific career of the journalist, the work was the work "Who rules the world?". Arguing about the world order in the XXI century, Homsky wrote about those who are called the rulers of the century, analyzes what their impact on the future of humanity will be. In the center of the work - America's theme, the country's presentation as a superpower, which allows failures in the system. It also refers to external and internal opponents and friends of the states.
Reflections on what people expect in the future, the writer outlined in the book "State of the Future". In labor, the scientist considered the role of the state from the origin to the XXI century, identified recessive ideologies that would not give development to society. The state of a new type, according to Homsky, will be associated with libertarianism.
In the work of "How Arranged the World" Noam analyzed the problems of foreign and domestic policy of the United States, as well as the activities of corporations that seized the world economy. The publicist noted that after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the USSR, the States began to look for new opportunities for expanding the spheres of influence. In 2015, Linguist acted as a new role for himself - starred in the film-interview "Requiem on the American Dream".
Three director participated in the picture on the picture, and the tape was created for four years. The project is based on the views of the publicist on the device of society and its prospects. In May 2019, Homsky appeared in the transfer of Vladimir Posner. The main topics of the release of democracy and freedom of speech, threat, artificial intelligence and other.
Noam Khomsky now
In 2020, the world covered the epidemic of coronavirus infection. 91-year-old scientist, being at self-insulation in Arizona, gave an interview in which he identified two global hazards for humanity - the threat of nuclear conflict and global warming. According to the linguist, now COVID-19 is a temporary phenomenon, with which you can fight, and with the two problems named by it - it is impossible.Quotes
- "Reading is not easy to turn pages. This is thinking about written, marked on the fields, mental comparisons with other books, search for new ideas or images. "
- "Unfortunately, there is only one category of luxury objects that can be carried out to infinity, to completely obscure and wear out, and without any restrictions or reasonable limits. We all know what it is for the category: Military production. "
- "Any political tactic has a lifetime. For some time it remains effective, and then the results begin to deteriorate. "
- "You must understand that any message from an unnamed intelligence or diplomatic source is intended to believe people in it. Such a message may be truthful, and may also be false. "It will be how we say!"
- "There is no point in having access to immense data if you are not able to deal with them. And for this you need to think, reasoning, studying. "
Bibliography
- 1951 - "Morfone of Modern Hebrew"
- 1957 - "Syntactic structures"
- 1965 - "Aspects of the theory of syntax"
- 1966 - "Linguistics of Descartes"
- 1969 - "American Power and New Mandarins"
- 1971 - "The problem of knowledge and freedom"
- 1980 - "Rules and Representations"
- 1986 - "Knowledge and Language"
- 1988 - "Language and Politics"
- 1988 - "Production of consent. Political Savings Mass Media "
- 1989 - "Required illusions: control over the thought in democratic societies"
- 1992 - "Holding Democracy"
- 1994 - "Language and Thought"
- 1955 - "Minimalist program"
- 1996 - "Class War: Interview with David Barzymena"
- 1999 - "New Military Humanism: Kosovo's lessons"
- 1999 - "Profit in humans. Nonoliberalism and world order "
- 2003 - "Hegemony or a struggle for survival: the desire of the United States to the world domination"