Biography
The partisan movement originated in Russia during the time of the Patriotic War of 1812. One of the brightest representatives was Gerasim Kurin - the leader of the national militia of the Wolchon parish. He ordered 5.3 thousand hiking and 500 equestrian warriors and never allowed in such a large unorganized crowd anarchy.Childhood and youth
The biography of Gerasim Matveyevich Kurina before the entry of Napoleon's troops I Bonaparte to the Russian Empire remains a mystery. It is only known that he was born in 1777 and was a peasant village of Pavlovo of the Wolchon parish of the Moscow province.
Personal life
Information about the personal life of Gerasim Kurina was also not preserved. Whether he had a spouse and children, a story silent. But with the filing of Nikolai Orlov, the guard of the partisan Alexander of Figner, modernity knows how the defender of the Wow-headed parish looked.After the Patriotic War, 1812 in the elitarian society it became fashionable to decorate their homes portraits of the leaders of the national militia. Founded in Favoro and Kurin. His image reproduced a third-rate artist Alexander Smirnov. In the painting, the peasant village Pavlovo is depicted in Black Surtuk, on the left lapel of which the sign of the Military Order is bangled. The award was unofficially called the St. George Cross.
Patriotic War of 1812
About the achievements of Gerasim Kurina Most knows very superficially. He was a fortest partisan who stubbornly fought with the troops of Marshal Napoleonic Wars Michel Nee, for which he was awarded the St. George Cross IV. The curtain of the mystery was opened by Alexander Mikhailovsky-Danilevsky, who became the author of the first official history of the Patriotic War of 1812.
In the XVII century, Pavlovo village, where Gerasim Matveyevich was born, became a major trading hub of the Wow-headed parish. This territory remained untouched when Napoleon I Bonaparte invaded the Russian Empire. Yes, and the number of buyers has repeatedly increased: among other horses and provisions, France's soldiers were also interested.
Residents of the Wolchon parish loyally treated foreigners. The sense of patriotism was dulled in front of the thirst for money. But, understanding the deficit of its products, they began to do the cost. This is definitely not liked France. To deal with the new pricing, they solved fake bills and even force. The idea of the enemy quickly turned out to be declassified.
The Wolchon Volossek, analogue of modern Tos organs, decided to organize a partisan movement for self-defense from France. It supported Egor Chalov's head. It was he who appointed the commander of the militia Gerasim Kurina, who by that time, apparently, managed to show his distillation and loyalty.
On September 24, 1812, France plundered Steurino, another village of the Wowheskaya region. The next day, they had come to other settlements, but faced with a meal and armed peasants village Pavlovo. From their hands killed 18 soldiers, several more captured.
The French, frightened, decided to establish good relations with the residents of Pavlovo, but they received the next rebuff. Then they were executed five people from the Wolchon parish - as an intimidation. Gerasima Kurina and his compatriots it was only angry - the national militia multiplied. Very soon their number reached 3 thousand equestrian and foot fighters.
In the history of the partisan movement, Gerasim Kurina is only one major battle. It happened October 1, 1812. The peasants beat with 800 soldiers of Marshal Michel Ney.
The enemies chose the wrong goal - Pavlovo. As soon as they burst into the village and began to take proliferation and animals by force, ran into the folk friend. The battle continued all day. According to some estimates, 25-30 people died. From whose side is not specified in the report of General Dmitry Golitsyn, nor in the invocation of the exploration of Ryazan militia.
On October 2, 1812, Napoleon I Bonaparte needed all the forces. And rivals of Pavlovo residents were peacefully retired. This ended not only the largest slaughter of Gerasim Kurin, called the Worchon Battle, but also the activities of his folk militia.
During the Patriotic War, the partisan movement only originated, but quickly gained popularity. Semenov's archite detachments, Alexander Figner, Denis Davydova, Vasilisa Keltini made a significant contribution to the victory of Russia over France. Therefore, Alexander I decided to reward the folk heroes of war. As a result, 50 people, including Gerasim Kurin himself, were awarded the signs of distinguishing the military order and medals "for the love of Fatherland." Later, the peasant Sela Pavlovo asked his friend Alexander Mikhailovsky-Danilevsky to so much about one award, but in vain.
Achievements of Gerasim Matveyevich during the years of the Patriotic War did not remain unnoticed. After the death of Egor Stoolov in 1823 it was he who became his head of the Wow. His signature is under the decision on the merger of Pavlovo with four more inhabited points for the formation of Pavlovsky Posad. It was 1844. The city exists and now.
Death
Gerasim Kurin died on June 12, 1850. The cause of death is completely natural - the leader of the partisan movement of the Wolchon parish was 73rd. He was buried in the newly formed Pavlovsky Posade, in the Resurrection Church. In 1957 she was demolished, and the grave was lost.Memory
- Street Gerasim Kurina in Moscow and in Pavlovsk Posad
- Monument in Pavlovsky Posad
- Monument in the forest glade between the cities of Noginsk, Pavlovsky Posad and Elektrostal