Biography
Stepan Bandera is a Ukrainian politician, the main figure of Ukrainian nationalism. Stepan Bandera Biography is filled with a series of terrible events, this politician has passed through the concentration camps, murders and prisons, many facts of his biography are still covered with a haze of secrets. Nevertheless, many data on Stepan Andreevich Bandera are known for certain, mainly thanks to the autobiography written by him shortly before death.Childhood and youth
Stepan Bandera was born on January 1, 1909 in the village of Old Ugrinov (Kingdom of Galicia and Lomomeria, Austria-Hungary) in the family of the Greek Catholic clergyman. Stepan was born by a second child, after him, a six more children appeared in the family.
The parents did not have their own home, they lived in the service house owned by the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. In his autobiography, an adult banner wrote:
From childhood in the family reigned the spirit of patriotism, parents brought up living national-cultural, political and public interests in children.In the service house there was a big library, many important politicians visited it: Mikhail Gavrilko, Yaroslav Veselovsky, Pavel Glodzinsky. They had an indisputable impact on the future leader of the organization of Ukrainian nationalists (OUN). Initial education Stepan Bandera also received at home, he was taught by the father of Andrei Bandera, and some sciences taught the incoming Ukrainian teachers.
Family Stepan Bandera was extremely religious, the future of the OUN leader was a very obedient child, respecting his parents. Bandera from an early age was believes, in the morning and evening he prayed for a long time. From early childhood, Stepan Bandera was going to become a fighter for freedom of Ukraine, so in secret from his parents he ordered his body. Because of the so-called pain exercises, Bandera appeared rheumatism of the joints, who pursued him until the death.
At the five-year-old age, the Bandera witnessed the beginning of the First World War, their home was destroyed, because the old Ugrinov took place several times. An unexpected surge in the activity of national liberation movement was an even greater impact on his further activity. The father of Bandera took part in this movement: he contributed to the formation of the residents of the surrounding villages of full-fledged military units, and also provided them with all the necessary weapons.
In 1919, Stepan Bandera entered the gymnasium in the city of Stry, there he studied for eight years, during which Latin studied, Greek, literature and history, philosophy and logic. In the gymnasium about Bandera recalled as "low, poorly dressed up to the young man." In general, the Bandera was a very active student, despite the disease of the joints: he was engaged in sports, participated in many youth events, sang in the choir and played musical instruments.
Carier start
After the gymnasium Stepan was engaged in cultural and educational work, the economy, and also led different youth mugs. At the same time, the Bandera worked under the Ukrainian military organization (WEVO) - he documented by a member of WEVI only in 1928, but with this organization I was even a gymnasium.
In 1928, Stepan moved to Lviv, where he studied in the Lviv polytechnic on the agronomical department. At the same time continued to work in WEV and the OUN. Bandera was one of the first members of the OUN in Western Ukraine. Stormy activity Bandera was a multifaceted: the underground correspondent of the satirical magazine "Pride of Nation", the organizer of illegal delivery to the Ukraine of many overseas editions.
In 1932, Career Stepan Bandera received a new round of development: at first he took the post of deputy edge conductor of the OUN, and in 1933 he was appointed to the acting edge conductor OUN in Western Ukraine and the regional commandant of the combat department of the OUN-WEV. From 1930 to 1933, Stepan Bandera was arrested about five times: for antipol propaganda, then for the attempt on the Life of the Commissioner Brigade of the Political Police E. Chekhovsky, then for an attempt to illegally cross the Polish-Czech police.
Protests
On December 22, 1932, when the execution of Militants-Ontans, Danilishin and Bilas in Lviv, Bandera organized a propaganda protest action: during the execution, all the churches of Lviv were distributed to the bell ringing.
Bandera was the organizer and many other protests. In particular, on June 3, 1933, Stepan Bandera personally led the operation to eliminate the Soviet Consul in Lviv, the executor of the operation was Nikolai Lemik, who killed the consul secretary only because the victim itself was not at that moment. For this, the lymic was lifelongly condemned.
In September 1933, the Bandera organized a "school campaign", in which Ukrainian schoolchildren boycotted all Polish: from symbolism to language. In this action, Bandera managed to use, according to Polish media, tens of thousands of schoolchildren. In addition, Stepan Bandera was also the organizer of many political killings: not all operations were successful, three of them received the widest public resonance:
- Attempt on the school curator Gadovsky;
- attempt at the Soviet Consul in Lviv;
- The fulfilled murder of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Poland Bronislav Peratsky (June 15, the diplomat was shot in three shots in the back of the head).
The Bandera was the organizer and participant in the huge number of terrorist acts of the OUN, in which the Polish police officers were killed, local communists, Galitsky political bond and their relatives. Nevertheless, Ukrainians became victims of OUN. By decree Stepan, Bandera in 1934 was blown up by the editorial board of the left newspaper "Prica" ("Labor"). Explosives in the editorial board laid a well-known activist OUN, Lviv student Ekaterina Zaritsky.
Conclusion
On July 2, 1936, Stepan Bandera for his crimes hit the "Mokotow" prison in Warsaw. The next day he was moved to the "Svetna Ksizha" prison ("Holy Cross"), which is not far from Kielts. Bandera recalled that he was bad in prison due to the lack of normal living conditions: lacked light, water and paper. Since 1937, the conditions of stay in prison were even more tightened, therefore the Bandera and OUN himself organized a 16-day hunger strike, protesting against the prison administration. This hunger strike was recognized, Bandera went for concessions.
During the conclusion, the Bander moved along various Polish prisons, in which he conducted numerous protests. After Germany attacked Poland, the Bandera was released, like many other Ukrainian nationalists.
On July 5, 1941, the Bander was invited to meet the German authorities allegedly for negotiations, but at the meeting a banner was arrested, because he did not want to give up the "Act of the Renaissance of the Ukrainian State", after which they were placed first in the German police prison in Krakow, and after a year and a half In the concentration camp "Zakshenhausen". There, he was kept in the block for "political persons", he was constantly observed.
When Stepan Bandera refused to offer the proposal of the German authorities, he did not be a victim of new persecution, but remained "overboard what was happening" - he lived in Germany and inactive. He tried to be aware of what was happening in Ukraine, but was completely isolated from her. But it lasted not long, after the discoloration of the OUN, he already headed the OUN (b) on the initiative of Shukhevich in 1945.
Death
Stepan Bandera died not with his death, he was killed on October 15, 1959 in Munich. According to sources, the murder of Stepan Bandera occurred at the entrance of his house: he came home for lunch, but in the entrance he was waiting for the Agent KGB Bogdan Stashinsky - he waited a convenient moment to kill Bandera from January with the help of cyanide potassium.
Bandera discovered the neighbors who heard his cry. It was assumed that the figure died from the paralysis of the heart, but the true cause of the murder of Stepan Bandera helped to find out the law enforcement agencies.
Stepan's killer Badder Bogdan Stashinsky was arrested by the German police, in 1962, a loud trial began against Stashinsky, in which he recognized the guilt. The KGB agent was sentenced to eight years of imprisonment, but after six years in prison, Stashinsky disappeared in an unknown direction.
The title of Hero of Ukraine
Posthilly In 2010, Stepan Bandera received the title of Hero of Ukraine, who assigned him President Victor Yushchenko "for the disadvantage of the spirit." Then Yushchenko noted that the millions of Ukrainians were waiting for a long time when the Bandera gave the Hero of Ukraine, and the decision of Yushchenko was accepted by the stormy ovations of the public, present at the awards ceremony of the grandchildren of Tseck Stepan Bandera.
Nevertheless, this event caused a large public resonance, many were disagree with such a decision Yushchenko. In the European Union, also negatively responded to this event, so called the newly elected president of Viktor Yanukovych to cancel the decision.
At present, the Personality of Stepan Bandera causes a community point of view in society: if there is a symbol of the struggle for independence in Western Ukraine, Eastern Ukraine, Poland and Russia perceive this politician mostly negatively.
Who are "Bandera"?
The concept of "Bandera" occurred from the last name Stepan Bandera, at present this expression has already become the name of the nominal one - in the modern society "Bandera" call all the nationalists.
Sources note that the concept of "Bandera" in modern society does not imply that the nationalists have a fully positive attitude towards Stepan Bandera - so called all the nationalists, regardless of their point of view on the activities of Bandera.