Biography
Hemingway's Nobel Prize winner was the most translated into Russian by a foreign writer during the Soviet Union. The works of Ernest were printed in magazines "30 days", "abroad", "international literature", etc., and in the European countries of this gifted person called the "Master of the Pen number one".
The great writer was born in America, on the southwest coast of Lake Michigan, not far from the Cultural Capital of the Midwest - Chicago, in the provincial town of Oak Park. Ernest was a second child from six children. The boy was brought up far from literary art, but secured parents: the popular performer Mrs. Grace Hall and Mr. Clarence Edmont Hemingway, who had dedicated her life to medicine and natural science.
It is worth saying that Miss Hall was a peculiar woman. To marriage, she gladly with a voice voice, many of the cities of the United States, but left the singing field due to the intolerance to the scenic light. After the departure, the Hall accused of all all, but not only. Having accepted the offer of hands and hearts from Hemingway, this interesting woman lived with him all his life, devoting his time to raising children.
But even after Marriage, Grace remained a strange and wrought-down young lady. Born Ernest under four years old passed in the Green Dresses and with bows on the head because Mrs Hemingway wanted a girl, but a boy was born with a second child.
In his free time, the TRUE Therapist Clarence adored walking along with her son in hiking, hunting and fishing. When Ernesta turned 3 years old, he had his own fishing rod. Later, children's impressions associated with nature will be reflected in Hemingway's stories.
In the young years, Hem (nickname writer) Pop company read the classical literature and composed stories. Being on the school bench, Ernest debuted in a local newspaper as a journalist: he wrote notes about the past events, concerts and sports competitions.
Although Ernest and studied at the local school of Oak-Park, in his works he more often describes the Northern Michigan - a picturesque place where he went to the summer holidays in 1916. After this trip, Ernie wrote a hunting story "Sei Zhingan".
Among other things, the future laureate in literature had excellent sports training: he was fond of football, swimming and boxing, which played with a talented young man's joke. Because of the injury gained, hem almost blinded on the left eye, and also damaged the left ear. For this reason, in the future, the young man did not take a long time to serve in the army.
Ernie wanted to become a writer, but his parents had other plans for their son's future. Clarence dreamed that his offspring would follow the footsteps of the Father and graduates from the Faculty of Medicine, and Grace wished to grow second Schubert or Beethoven, imposing his music having masses. This whimpering mother affected the studies of Hem, as he missed the whole year of mandatory classes, after reaching the game to the cello. "She thought I had the abilities, and I had no talent," said an elderly writer in the future.
After graduating from Hernest High School, disobeying the parents, did not enter the university, but began to master journalistic art in the city newspaper Kansas The Kansas City Star. At work, Hemingway's police reporter faced social phenomena as deviant behavior, dishonority, crime and women's goods; He visited the places of crime, fires, visited various prisons. However, this dangerous profession helped Ernest in literature, because he constantly watched the manners of the behavior of people and their everyday dialogues devoid of metaphorical delights.
Literature
After participating in combat battles in 1919, the classic moved to Canada and returned to journalism. His new employer was the editorial board of the Toronto Star newspaper, which allowed the materials to write materials on any topics. However, not all works of the reporter were published.
After a quarrel with Mother Hemingway took things from the native oak park and moved to Chicago. There, the writer continued to cooperate with Canadian newspaper and in parallel published notes in Co-Operative Commonwealth.
In 1821, after marriage, Ernest Hemingway performed his dream and moved to the city of Love - Paris. Later, the impressions of France will be reflected in the book of memories "The holiday, which is always with you."
There he met Sylvia Beach, the famous owner of the bookstore "Shakespeare and the Company", which was near the Seine. This woman had a huge impact in the literary circle, because it was she who published the scandalous Roman James Joyce "Ulysses", which was banned by censorship in the United States.
Hemingway, Hemingway became friends with the famous writer Hertruda Stein, who was wiser and more experienced Chem and considered him all his life with his student. Extravagant woman with contempt referred to the work of journalists and insisted that Ernie did as much as possible literary activities.
The triumph of the Master of the pen came in the fall of 1926 after the publication of the novel "and the sun rises" ("Fiesta") about the "lost generation". The main character of Jake Barnes (Prototype Hemingway) fought for his homeland. But in war he received a serious injury that made the attitude towards life and women. Therefore, his love for Lady Bret Ashley had a platonic character, and Jake's soul wounds heal with alcohol.
In 1929, Hemingway writes an immortal novel "Farewell, weapons!", Which to this day enters the mandatory list of references to study in schools and higher educational institutions. In 1933, the Master composes a collection of short stories "The winner does not get anything", and in 1936 the Esquire magazine publishes the famous work of Hemingway "Snow Kilimanjaro", telling about the writer Harry, who is looking for the meaning of life, traveling along safari. Four years later, a military work was released "the bell calls".
In 1949, Ernest moved to Sunny Cuba, where he continued to engage in literature. In 1952, he writes a philosophical and religious story "Old man and the sea", for which the Pulitzer and Nobel Prizes was awarded.
Personal life
The personal life of Ernest Hemingway was so overwhelmed with all sorts of events, which is not enough and the whole book to describe the adventures of this great writer. For example, Master was an amateur of sharp feelings: at the young age he could "fit" the bull, participating in Borida, and was also not afraid to stay alone with Lv.
It is known that Hem adored the society of women and wondered: it was worth a familiar girl to show his mind and elegant manners, and Ernest immediately amazed her. Hemingway created himself an image of a kind of Marquis de Garda, telling that he had many mistresses, a ladies of easy behavior and Negro concrete. Fiction is or not, but biographical facts say that Ernest really had a lot of choices: he loved everyone, but every subsequent marriage called a huge mistake.
The first beloved Ernest was the adorable nurse of Agnes von Kurovski, who treated the writer in the hospital from the received wounds during the First World War. It was this light-eyed beauty that became a prototype of Catherine Barclay from the novel "Farewell, weapons!". Agnes was older than his chosen one for seven years and fifted maternal feelings to him, calling in the letters "kid." Young people thought to legalize their relationship with a wedding, but their plans were not destined to come true, as the windy girl loved the noble lieutenant.
The second choices of the Genius of Literature became a certain red-haired pianist Elizabeth Hadley Richardson, who was older than the writer for 8 years. Let she not be a beauty like Agnes, but this woman in every way supported Ernest in his activities and even gave him a printed machine. After the wedding, the newlyweds moved to Paris, where the injury lived first. Elizabeth gave birth to Hemief John Headley Nikarra (Bambi).
In France, Ernest often visited restaurants where coffee enjoyed in the company of their friends. Including among his acquaintances there was a secular lioness Lady Duff Tweedden, who was with an overestimated self-esteem and did not disappear with a strong senior. Despite such causing behavior, Duff enjoyed the attention of men, and Ernest was no exception. However, then another young writer did not dare to change the spouse. Later, Tweedden was "transformed" in Bret Ashley from the novel "and the sun rises."
In 1927, Ernest began to get involved in Paulina Pfaifer, Elizabeth's girlfriend. Poilina did not value friendship with the wife of the writer, and on the contrary, did everything to win a small man. Pfefer was good and worked in a fashion magazine Vogue. Later, Ernest will say that the divorce with Richardson will become the greatest sin of his whole life: he loved Paulina, but he really was not happy with her. From the second marriage of Hemingway two children were born - Patrick and Gregory.
The third wife of the laureate became famous in the US correspondent of March Gellhorn. Adventure blonde adored hunting and was not afraid of difficulties: it often covered the important political news taking place in the country, and did a dangerous journalistic work. Having achieved in 1940 divorce from Paulina, Ernest makes the offer March. However, soon the relationship of the newlyweds "diverged on the seams", since Gellhorn was too independent, and Hemingway loved to rule over women.
The fourth narrowed Hemingway is a journalist Mary Welsh. This radiant blonde for marriage supported the talent of Ernest, and also helped with publishing troubles, becoming a personal secretary of her husband.
In 1947, in Vienna, a 48-year-old writer falls in love with Adriana Ivanchich - a girl who is younger than 30 years old. Hemingway pulled to the white aristocrat, but Ivanchich treated the author of the stories, as to his father, while maintaining friendly relations. Mary knew about the hobby of her husband, however, was spent calmly and female wisely, knowing that the fire arising in Hemingway's chemistry was not extinguished by any means.
Death
Fate was constantly experiencing Ernest for persistence: Hemingway survived five accidents and seven catastrophes, was treated from bruises, fractures and brain concussion. He also managed to pass the Siberian ulcers, skin cancer and malaria.
Shortly before the death of Ernest suffered hypertension and diabetes, but for the "cure" was placed in a psychiatric dancer Mayo. The state of the writer only worsened, besides, he suffered a manic paranoia about the surveillance. These thoughts have reduced Hemingway mad: it seemed to him that any room, wherever it was, equipped with bugs, and the Alerts of the FBI followed everywhere on the heels.
The doctors of the clinic treated Matra "classic way", resorting to electrical sound therapy. After 13 sessions, psychotherapists were deprived of Hemingway to write, because his bright memories were erased with electric shock. The treatment did not help, Ernest died deeper into depression and obsessive thoughts, talking about suicide. Returning on July 2, 1961 after discharged to Ketchum, Ernest, who was "on the side of life," shot himself from the gun.
Interesting Facts
- One day, Ernest argued with buddies, which would write the most concise and touching work in the world. Genius of literature managed to win the bet by writing six words on paper:
- Ernest before Zhuchi was afraid of public speeches, and in particular he hated autographs. But one persistent fan, dreaming about the cherished signature, pursued a writer for 3 months. As a result, Hemingway surrendered and wrote such a message:
- Before Ernest, Mary Welsh had a husband who did not want to give consent to the divorce. Therefore, once a furious Hemingway put his photo card in the toilet and started shooting from a gun. As a result of this spontaneous deed, 4 rooms were flooded in the expensive hotel.
Hemingue quotes
- Being sober, transfer all your drunk promises to life - it will teach you to keep the tongue for your teeth.
- Travel only with those who love.
- If in life you can have at least a small service, do not shy away from it.
- Do not judge a person only in his friends. Remember that Judah's friends were immacular.
- Look at the pictures of unbiased, read the books honestly and live as living.
- The best way to find out whether you can trust someone - to trust him.
- Of all the animals, only a person knows how to laugh, although it just has the least reasons for this.
- All people are divided into two categories: those with which it is easy, and as easy without them, and those with which it is difficult, but impossible without them.
Bibliography
- "Three stories and ten poems" (1923);
- "Nowadays" (1925);
- "And the Sun (Fiesta) rises" (1926);
- "A Farewell to Arms!" (1929);
- "Death after noon" (1932);
- "Sneg of Kilimanjaro" (1936);
- "Have and not to have" (1937);
- "The command calls the bell" (1940);
- "For the river, in the shade of trees" (1950);
- "Old man and the sea" (1952);
- "Hemingway, Wild Time" (1962);
- "Islands in the Ocean" (1970);
- "Paradise Garden" (1986);
- "Collection of short stories of Ernest Hemingway" (1987);