Biography
The name of the English poet of John Donna stands in the same row with William Shakespeare and Philip Sidney. The largest representative of the metaphysical school in poetry combined the polar principles. The abbot of the temple, which neither the Catholic, nor Anglican Church satisfies. The author of the sermons without a bright look at the world and poems is not for all filled with allocions and meanware. In the center of Donna poetry, lying on the junction of the Renaissance and Baroque, there is a person and its capabilities, a combination of the work of feelings and the mind.Childhood and youth
In the biography of John Donna there is an interesting fact - an accurate date of birth is unknown. In different sources, it is indicated by either January 21, or the gap from January 24 to June 19, 1572. John was born in the family of the merchant of the middle hand. According to Mother's line, he was related to the playwright John Hawewood and the philosopher, the Lord Chancellor of England Thomas Maorma. The family adhered to the Catholic faith that he subsequently affected the personal preferences and the possibilities of John.
At the age of three, the boy remained without a father. Mother married President of the Royal Medical Academy of John Simmide. Already by 10 years, Donn knew Latin and French. In 12 parents sent John to the first stage at the University of Oxford.
At this time, in England, he scored the strength of the Reformation spirit, and in 1586 the young man went to Trinity College to Cambridge. But neither in the first nor in the second university did not receive a juvenile diploma, because refused to take an oath contrary to the canons of the Catholic Church. The victim of the conflict of two churches was the brother of John, Henry, who came to prison for the concealment of the priest. John managed to end the law school Lincolnz Inn.
In addition to legal sciences, the poet studied languages and theology. Poetry and theater fell in the circle of interest. But during and at the end of study, John slipped half the inheritance in travel and entertainment. Donn lived in Spain, France and Italy for several years, where he studied the culture and languages of these countries. In addition, he participated in Walter Rali's pirate adventures, one of the leaders of the defeat of the Spanish invincible Armada, and Robert Devroe, Graf Essex.
In 1601, John was elected by a deputy of the House of Commons. From 1605 he worked as an assistant bishop of Thomas Morton, a militant Protestant and the author of works, imagine Roman Catholicism. In the 1610th University of Oxford, the master of the Master of Arts assigned the master. In the 1615th, John was appointed King Yakov's Capellane. A year later, Donn received a professor of theology in his Alma Mater - School Lincolnz-Inn.
Literature
John Donn's creativity researchers came to the conclusion that the poet began writing poems in the early 90s of the XVI century. But during the life of the work they were not published, prose and religious sermons were more known. His first satirical work dates back to 1593. In the "Book of Satir Donna", the author tried to repel the splitness of the worldview caused by church straightenings, searching for the point of support in life.
In 1597 in the footsteps of the expedition to the Azores are written by "storm" and "shtil". The natural element showed John fragility of human existence, thereby strengthening the young man in faith in God.
During service at Sir Thomas, the poet got access to the highest light. Elegy written by him, sonnets were popular with Beaujda. The author acquired high-ranking patrons, the king of Yakov I called the poem of Donna Divine.
In 1601, John Donn wrote a "farewell, prohibiting sadness" dedicated to his wife. This is one of the most famous love poems. It should not be better revealed by the ideal of the poet's love and demonstrates the traditions of the love lyrics of the Renaissance.
The big family and the existed material difficulties returned Donna to religion and advocated to write "La Corona" and "Sacred Sonetov". But if in the first cycle there is still a cheerful idyllic motive, then the second essay is permeated by depression, suffering, repentance for life without God. In the sonnets, John saw himself a witness of moments from the life of Christ and the Virgin Mary.
In 1607, John, experiencing an internal crisis, began to explore the issue of suicide. The fruit of thought was the treatise "Biatanatos". Being a lawyer, Donn approached the voluntary deprivation of life as one of the murder ways.
Own vision of the picture of the world Donn outlined in the first anniversary "written to order. At the same time, the conclusions obtained during his reflection disguised as a split consciousness in people caused by the reformation of the church.
In the 1611th publishes the polemical treatise "Ignatius and his conclusion", directed against Jesuits. The book was awarded praise from the King of Yakov I. in the poem "The second anniversary", published in 1612, Donn wondered what the soul was for what she needed. And it came to the conclusion that a person will not find a response in one mind.
John attracted his pamphletes for religious topics. The king found that a good preacher will come out of John. Donn injured the insistence and in 1615 he accepted a san priest. After three years, he received the degree of Dr. Theology of the University of Cambridge. But before accepting San John had to overcome himself: he knew his shortcomings and believed that it was not worthy to be ordained. Doubts John outlined in the poem "Good Friday", written in spring 1613.
From the 1621st John Donn - the abbot of the Cathedral of St. Paul in London, one of the largest cathedrals of Europe of the time. In addition, in the 1622th appointed by the global judge in Kent and Bedfordshire, the judge of the Royal Commission on Church Courts. During this period, the glory of one of the best preachers of the era came to John.
At the end of 1623, Donn was seriously ill. Being between life and death, John did not stop working, exploring the nature of man. The final of the reflection was the philosophical work "appeal to the Lord per hour and disasters."
The book includes several sections. Each consists of three parts: "meditation", "exhortation" and "prayer". Perhaps the most famous words from the sermon - this
"There is no man who would be like an island, in itself, every person has a part of the mainland, part of the sushi ... The death of every person diminishes me, because I am one with all humanity, and therefore I do not ask, the bell calls: he calls on You".The words from the prayer service were used by Ernest Hemingway in the name of the novel about the war in Spain.
Personal life
Returning in 1598 from the journey, John entered the service secretary to the lawyer of the courtyard Elizabeth I, the Lord Keeper of the Royal Print Sir Thomas Ejerton. Before the young man opened a wide prospect. But in 1601, John missed this opportunity, secretly married to the nephew of the employer Anna Mor.A year later, the court confirmed the legitimacy of marriage, and only in 1609, Anna's father got tortured with an unequal marriage of his daughter. Spouses settled in the estate of the female wife. Cousin Anna, Sir Francis Walley, took John to the service.
Almost every year children appeared in the family, but from 12 survived eight. Righting the last child in 1617, Anna died. Perhaps the death of children or other spiritual torments led Donna from Catholicism to the Anglican Church
Death
In 1630, John aggravated the disease. The abbot of the Cathedral of St. Paul died in 1631. Buried there.
A sculptural portrait of Donna was installed above the grave, created by his instructions before death.
Bibliography
- 1601 - "Farewell prohibiting sadness"
- 1607 - "La Corona"
- 1611 - "Ignatius and his conclusion"
- 1612 - "Anatomy of the World"
- 1624 - "Appeals to the Lord per hour and disasters"
- 1631 - "DEATH'S DUEL"