Biography
Evgeny Baratsky was considered contemporaries the greatest poet of Russia. His elegances and epigrams were read in literary salons. The descriptions of nature and love lyrics admired friends-poets. For incomprehensible reasons, he was pulled into the background, but remains a significant figure in Russian poetry of the 19th century.Childhood and youth
Evgeny Abramovich Baratsky was born on February 19, 1800 in the family of the retired Lieutenant-General Abraha Andreevich Baratynsky and Alexandra Fedorovna, in Major Cherepanova. Both spouses belonged to the highest nobility. Abram Andreevich consisted in the retinue of Paul I, the Life Guard of the Grenadier Regiment. Alexandra Fedorovna was educated in the Smolny Institute of Noble Maiden, served by Empress Maria Fedorovna.
For the correct service to the brothers Abram and Bogdan, the emperor presented the estate of knit in the Tambov province, where Eugene, the eldest son among eight children was born. In 1804, the owners share the property and the family of Abraha Andreevich moved to the outskirts knicted, where a new Barsk Manor Mara was built on the edge of the pictorial ravine. There was an early childhood of the poet. In Mare, an elegance "Launcher" is written, dedicated to memories.
The Evgenia's tutor with the brothers was the Italian Jiyachinto Borghese, whose memory was shortly before the death of the poet devoted the poem "Uncle-Italian". The family spoke French, and the first letters sent by the boy home from the St. Petersburg guest house were written in French. At eight years, Baratynsky began to teach German in a private board, twelve - entered the PJing Corps.
In 1810, the Father suddenly died, the family returned to the estate from St. Petersburg. The preparation of the Son to enter the prestigious establishment of the Russian Empire controlled mother. From letters to mother, biographers of the poet know about his moods of that time. The teenager was distinguished by a dark building of thoughts, read philosophical treatises, but was preparing for the service in a military fleet.
The plans were not destined to come true. In the spring of 1814, the young man was left for a bad fit to study for the second year. The company of the buddies Evgenia devoted most of the time not lessons, but leprosy. The self-procured "Avengers Society" was irremissible to teachers with evil jokes. Fun ended badly - friends stole from the father of one of the boys to the turtle tobacco to the gold rim together with money.
As a result, the Company's personal order of General Zagrevsky was excluded from the corps for theft without the right to enter other educational institutions. It was possible to serve only in the rank of soldier. This story broke the fate of Bratansky. He returned to the estate, thought a lot and began writing poetry.
Brother Poet, Irakli Abramovich Baratsky, who successfully gradually graduated from the Piece Corps, was reached by Lieutenant-General. He served the post of governor of Yaroslavl, then Kazan, sensed in the Senate.
Literature
In 1819, his creations have already become published in magazines. Contemporaries appreciated the creativity of Bratansky for the depth of experiences, tragedy and a supervision. The elegant syllable and plexus of verbal lace, the originality of the style praised the poet's buddies who were the first critics.
Anton Delvig first appreciated an outstanding talent and printed one poem of Baratan without a knowledge of the author. Alexander Pushkin, Peter Pletnev, Nikolai Galot, Vasily Zhukovsky, admired the work of the young poet.
The famous lyrical poems and the poem "Ed" Baratynsky wrote during his service in Finland, where he spent five years in the rank of Unter-Officer. The poet inspired the beauty of the wild northern nature and charming Countess of Agraphen Zakrevskaya, the wife of the Governor General Finland of Arseny Zakrevsky. Nature and emotions are woven together in the form of flow in the poem "Waterfall".
There are some interesting facts about Bratsynsky, which are usually not talked in literature lessons. For example, about the monstrous illiteracy of the poet. Perfectly owning Italian, French and German, the poet did not hold the grammar and punctuation of the Russian language. From the signs of punctuation recognized only the comma. Poems before the publication gave Delvig to the editor.
He passed the manuscript to his wife, Sophie Mikhailovna, asking to rewrite to the point. But there were no dots - the poems ended with commas. Even Evgeny's singer wrote in different ways. He signed the first poems: "Evgeny Abramov Son Baratynskaya." In the publication of works and in the last collection, the option - "Boratsky".
Generic surname comes from the name of the Baratn Castle in Galicia. The option with the letter О knocks out on the gravestone monument, and writing with the letter A fixed in the biography, thanks to the letters of Pushkin, who, telling about the written writes, called him "Baratsky".
Evgenia Bratyan's poetry criticized from different points of view. The Decembrists reproached the poet in the absence of civil position and unnecessary the influence of classicism. Romanticism in the texts was too many for critics, but few regulars of literary living rooms. By the end of his lifestyle, the author himself edited his early things, removing the lyricity of the lyricity and rope of style, which also did not find an understanding of the fans of talent.
Personal life
The poet was married to Anastasia Lvovne Engelgardt, a Major General's daughter. In the dowry for his wife, Eugene received a solid position in a secular society and rich estates, in particular - the Moscow region Muranovo, which became a generic nest of a numerous family, and afterwards the Tyutchev museum. There is still a house built under the leadership of Baratyansky, grows by the forest planted by him.
Young married on June 9, 1826. However, by the standards of the XIX century, in his 22 years Anastasia was considered quite mature. She was smart, but ugly, was distinguished by a subtle literary taste and nervous character. Nine children were born in marriage.
The young husband threw the dreams and took up the arrangement of life. According to letters of the Baraty thirties, seems to be a bona fide owner and father. To this period include verses "Spring, Spring! As the air is clean! ", in which the poet is just happy about life, and the" wonderful hail is sometimes somewhat ", in which it notes that" instant creating a poetic dream disappear from the breath of an extraneous fuss. "
Death
The last collection of twilight poems critics cruelly criticized. Particularly distinguished Vissarion Belinsky, with whom Baratinsky half alarmed to death. According to Alexander Kushner, Belinsky is guilty of the early death of Bratsynsky, since he wounded the sensitive soul of the poet with a dismissive tone and offensive comparisons.
In the autumn of 1843, Baratsky and his wife goes on a trip to Europe. Visits the major cities of Germany, lives half a year in Paris. In the spring of 1844, travelers float from Marseille to Naples. At night, the poet wrote a prophetic poem "Piroskaf", in which he expressed his readiness to die.
In Naples, Anastasia Lvovna had a fit, who strongly affected her husband. Headaches that have long been tormented by Baratynsky. The next day, June 29, 1844, the poet died. The official cause of death is called the gap of the heart. In August 1845, the poet's body returned to his homeland, St. Petersburg. Evgenia Baratynsky betrayed the land at the Novo-Lazarevsky cemetery, located on the territory of the monastery of Alexander Nevsky.
Bibliography
- 1826 - Poem "Ed"
- 1826 - Poem "Peters"
- 1827 - Assembly of poems
- 1828 - Poem "Ball"
- 1831 - Poem "Winner" (the initial name "Gypsy")
- 1831 - the story "Ranger"
- 1835 - Collection of poems in two parts
- 1842 - Collection of verses "Two
- 1844 - Piroskaf