Biography
Columbus of the twentieth century - so called the Norwegian traveler, archaeologist, historian and writer Tour Heyerdal. In 1999, countrymen recognized him with the most famous Norwegian of the last century, because anyone else from compatriots failed to get 11 honorary degrees of European and American universities.
The books of the Great Practice of Experimental Archeology served as a source of inspiration for generations of young dreeders, and Heyerdal Kon-Tika's documentary received "Oscar". The famous traveler visited all corners of the globe and by experiments proved that the oceans do not disconnect, but connect people.
Childhood and youth
A future researcher of the continents and oceans in the south of Norway was born, in the commune of Larvik. The head of the family was brewing beer on his own little brewery, and Mom, a fan of the teachings of Charles Darwin, worked at the Anthropology Museum. It was she who awakened in his son an interest in the study of the world in all his diversity.
The guy gladly plunged into the wisdom of zoology and even discovered his own "zoomuses" in the room, which his father looked away from the brewer. The main exhibit of the museum was Gaduk. But the water element to the future navigator inspired fear: in childhood and youth, Tour Heyerdal glanced twice in the death of death, almost drowned.
Later, the traveler admitted that at 17 years old even the idea that he would be in the raging ocean on a homemade ship would lead him to indescribable horror. But in 22 Heyerdal won the fear: falling into the stormy river, he got on land and felt that he overcame the element.
In 1933, the 19th-year-old young man became a student of the oldest university of the country, located in the capital. As planned, he entered the natural geographical faculty, where he plunged into an exciting world of science with his head.
Travels
After graduating from 7 university semesters, Tour Heyerdal came out with two German centers. Christina Bonnevi and Elmar Brock developed a project that allowed to explore the fauna of remote Polynesian islands. The goal of the project is to find out how mainland animals were found on the island.
Heyerdal, dreamed of travel and research uncharted lands, has long been prepared for the trip. At the university, he became close to the Norwegian scientist and a traveler who had lived several years on Polynesia Islands. Bierne Farther entered the trust of the Taitian leaders and took a rich collection of an island tribal item.
An inquisitive Tour Heyerdal explorer allowed to use the library from which the young scientist learned the knowledge of life on the mysterious islands. Friendship with fastening, and later with professors from Berlin gave the base from which Heyerdal pushed himself into scientific searches.
In 1937, a scientist with the young wife Liv departed on the Marquis Islands. The route of the newlyweds spread to Marseille, from there across the Atlantic Ocean and Panama Couple Couple crossed the Pacific Water and got to the ultimate goal - Tahiti.
On the island of the newlyweds settled in the house of the leader, to whom the Beloken and the Blue-eyed 23-year-old tour had fallen like that the head of the native tribe adopted him, giving the name the blue sky.
The tour with his wife was comprehended by the science of survival without the benefits of civilization, using the fact that the nature was given. We studied the island flora and fauna. A year later, the researcher described the "Taitian" chapter of the biography in the first book, called "in search of paradise".
In the late 1940s, Heyerdal tour went along the shores of British Columbia to learn the Indian population better. But the Second World War interrupted the occupation of a scientist who considered the debt to join the ranks of the army.
In Britain, Heyerdal learned on a radar and, together with the Allied Army, freed the country from the Nazis. For the manifested bravery awarded awards, and the received specialty came in handy on travels that the scientist continued after the war.
In 1946, Tour Heyerdal, analyzing the materials and observations of the pre-war expedition, put forward a bold hypothesis about the population of Polyesia by people from America, and not the southeast of Asia, as historians considered before that. Many colleagues disagreed with scientists, and he, in order to prove the rightness, gathered an expedition. The desire to go on a journey with the Norwegian expressed four compatriots and one Swede.
In Peru, the expedition participants made a raft, calling him "Con-Tika", and went on the waves of the Pacific Ocean. After 101, the raft day moored to the cliffs of Tuamot Islands.
Thus, the scientist proved that on a homemade raft with sails, given the passing current, you can smear the ocean and mooring to the islands of Polynesia. So according to his theory, Polynesian ancestors were made, this was stated in the chronicles of Spanish conquistadors.
Observations and adventures of the expedition Tour Heyerdal described in the second book, which became a bestseller - "Journey to Kon-Tiki. A fascinating and cognitive essay was transferred to 66 languages, and the documentary film about the navigators in 1952 received an Oscar. Heyerdal himself removed the tape.
In the mid-1950s, the scientist went to explore Easter Island and on the results of the trip wrote a new bestseller, calling him "Aku-Aku. The mystery of the island of Easter. " Like all the literature, published from under the feather of the Norwegian scientist, the book received a hot response of readers all over the world.
In the journey, Tour Heyerdal became interested in cane boats. In 1969, the researcher hired ships from Lake Chad. Builders, based on the layouts and drawings of the ancient Egyptian vessel, designed a vessel from a cane papyrus, which were discorded on the Ethiopian lake.
The boat, which the team gave the name "RA", descended from the coast of Morocco. But she lasted on the waves of the Atlantic for several weeks and broke out. The team left "RA".
In the 1970s, Heierdal Tour with a doctor and traveler from Russia Yuri Senkevich and five other colleagues from all continents plunged on the "RA-II", based on the previous mistakes by Bolivian masters. The members of the expedition reached the goal - the island of Barbados. Heyerdal proved that the ancient Egyptian navigators using sails and the Canary current could overcome the ocean and mooring to the shores of America. And in the first, unsuccessful, and in the second who crowned success, expeditions participated in Senkevich.
In the spring of 1978, travelers burned still suitable for traveling "Tigris", protesting against war. Tour Heyerdal appealed to the letter to the UN Kurt Waldheim and to all people of goodwill, calling for thinking about the fate of civilization, which could burn and go to the bottom as "Tigris".
In 1983-84, Norwegian explored the mounds previously discovered in the Maldives, and found foundations and courtyards, "looked" to the east, as well as the giant stone figures of the ancient navigators. All seen outlined in the book "Maldives".
In the early 1990s, the scientist went to Tenerife and examined the Pyramids of the State University of Guimar. Heyerdal was the first to guessed that these are cult builds, and not random jet of stones, as contemporaries thought. In 1993, Heyerdal tourized the elevation on the channels and found the pyramids built in the 15th century exterminated Spaniards tribes of Guangchi.
In the early 2000th, the traveler went to Russia, intending to find evidence that the Norwegians arrived in the territories that are now occupied by the Azov coast. The scientist analyzed the seen and described in the composition "In search of Odin. In the footsteps of our past. "
Visited the tireless and inquisitive Norwegian and in the Caucasus, spent excavations on Don. He put forward the theory of resettlement of the steppe tribes from the Azov region to Scandinavia, which brought the flow of criticism of historians and geographers, who called the researcher with fluid. But no one could reasonably disprove the version of Heyerdala.
Personal life
The first spouse of the researcher was an economist for the formation of Liv Kusheron-Torp. With the girl Tour Heyerdal met at the university. With Liv, he went to the first journey by spending a honeymoon in the leader's house to Tahiti. Then the newlyweds moved to one of the Marquis Islands, where the year lived from the achievements of civilization.
War and the following protracted journey at Kon-Tika removed the spouses. Acquaintance with the beauty of Ivonne Dedekam Simonsen put a point in the previous marriage, where two sons tour and Biern remained.
Tour Heyerdal married. Ivonne gave her husband to three daughters. The woman accompanied the spouse in the most risky expeditions and brought order in two Hayerdal houses - in Oslo and Italy.
In the late 1960s, the traveler broke up with Ivonne. The third marriage happened in 1991, when Heyerdal turned 77. French Jacqueline Bir, the former winner of the beauty contest, married a tour and lived with him to the end of life. At first, the couple happressed in the Italian Riviera, then the spouses moved on Tenerife.
Death
Tour Heyerdal died in the spring of 2001. A 87-year-old scientist died of a brain tumor in Italy, in a picturesque estate in the town of Alassio. Next to the end were children and beloved Jacqueline. A month before the death of Heyerdal refused drugs and food.
Buried the famous traveler in the Italian estate. The monument to Tour Heyerdal grateful compatriots erected in life.
In 2006, the "Kon-Tika" was held the expedition of Tangaroa (name of the Heavenly Divine of Polynesian) from six people, among whom was the grandson of a scientist Wolve Hayerdal.
Bibliography
- 1938 - "In Search of Paradise"
- 1948 - "Journey to" Con-Tika "»
- 1952 - "Adventures of one theory"
- 1957 - "Aku-Aku. Mystery of Easter Islands
- 1970 - "RA"
- 1974 - "Fatu-Khiva. Return to nature "
- 1975 - "Art of Easter Island"
- 1978 - "Ancient Man and Ocean"
- 1979 - "Expedition" Tigris "
- 1986 - "Maldives Mystery"
- 1989 - "Easter Island: Amazing Mystery"
- 1992 - "Vulnerable Ocean"
- 1998 - "In the footsteps of Adam"
- 2001 - "In pursuit of one. In the footsteps of our past "
Discoveries
- Heyerdal proved the possibility of contacts between the civilizations of the Mediterranean and South America
- Tour Heyerdal put forward the hypothesis that Polynesia was settled from America, and not from Southeast Asia
- Proved the possibility of intersection of the Pacific Ocean in the western direction from the central part of South America
- Tour Heyerdal found part of the notorious gold inks
- The traveler discovered the abandoned GUIMAR pyramids on the island of Tenerife, expressing an opinion on the astronomical orientation of structures
- I proved the impossibility of saving coconut nuts in sea water, which means that the inability of a random liner (by currents) of coconut palms from South America on the island of Polynesia. Seeds transported people
- Proved the existence of trade relations between the India civilization and Mesopotamia