Biography
Henrik Ibsen is the first name that every cultural person will remember as soon as it is about the literature of Norway. But the work of Ibsen is no longer Norwegian, but the world heritage. Towing for the revival of Norwegian culture, with trepidation treating folklore, the playwright left his homeland for twenty-seven years. Plays, after which Ibsen received worldwide recognition, was created in Germany and Italy. And the characters of Ibsen, driven by the author in the tight framework of the plot, were always alive.Childhood and youth
In the wealthy family of ibsenov on March 20, 1828, a boy was born to whom the parents gave the name Herrik. In 1836, the family of ibsenov went bankrupt, had to lay all the property to pay with creditors.
Such a change of social position painfully hit the small Henry. And previously not distinguished by sociability, the boy was completely closed in his own Mirka. The brighter the talent was manifested - in the gymnasium, Ibsen began to entertain fantasies, sometimes talented, in words.
In Norway, let it be 400 years old by the Danish colony, they could even learn the poor. But Henry had to earn a living instead of study. Fifteen-year-old guy Parents in 1843 sent to the neighboring town of Grimstad, where he became a student of the pharmacist.
The work in the pharmacy did not interfere with the work, on the contrary, the soul required self-realization. Due to the verses, epigram and caricatures on the citizens to the 1847th Herrik gained popularity from radical youth of Grimstad.
After the revolutionary events in Europe, 1848, Ibsen took the political lyrics and wrote the first play "Catina", which was not popular.
Literature
In 1850, a young man went to Christianity (as the Oslo called Oslo until 1924) to enter the university, but the place of study was occupied by accidental activities: teaching on Sunday School of Working Association, protest demonstration, cooperation with a working newspaper and a student journal.
For three years, three plays were written, and at the same time acquaintance with Bjornistne Björnson - playwright, theatrical and public figure. Ibsen quickly came up with him, because both believed in the need for the National Self-Audit of Norwegians.
In 1852, luck turned face to the young playwright - Ibsen was invited to Bergen, to the first Norwegian National Theater, where he served as an artistic director until 1857. The fresh plays of Ibsen immediately acquired a stage embodiment, and there was also an opportunity to study theatrical cuisine, which unequivocally allowed to grow dramaturgical skills.
From 1857 to 1862, Ibsen was led by the Norwegian theater in Christiania and fought with the Christian theater, in which the performances were put on Danish, and the actors were completely Dane. Well, of course, did not stop to create, when writing a play, taking the Norwegian sagas. In 1863, when Herrik Ibsen had already left the post of the head, the two theater merged into one, and the performances were now walked only on Norwegian.
The stormy activity of the playwright had a desire to live in prosperity, possessing the proper social level, including public recognition. Here, undoubtedly, heavier childhood affected. One and a half years, Ibsen sought the writer scholarship from the Storting (Parliament of Norway).
Finally, he received the desired in 1864, with the help of friends, Ibsen with his family left his homeland and settled in Italy. There for two years created two plays, "Brand" and "Per Gunt", invested in them the whole soul, all the accumulated experience, both vital and literary.
"Feather Gunta" Danes and Norwegians perceived negatively. Hans Christian Andersen responded about the play as the worst work, which ever read. Saved the situation Solveig. And also - Edward Grieg, who wrote the music to the play "Per Gunt" at the request of the playwright.
The further work of Ibsen fell out of Norwegian Saga networks in the direction of realism. The masterpieces of drama "Puppet House", "Ghosts", "Wild Duck", "Builder Solness" and other plays say about social problems.
For example, the drama "Puppet House" was easier for real events. The main topic of the work is "female question", but not only the position of women in society is addressed. We are talking about the freedom of person as a whole. A prototype of the main character was Laura Kieler - a writer who was friends with Ibsen, who, in fact, advised the young 19-year-old girl to engage in literature.
In the Bibliography of Henrick Ibsen, the reader will not find novels novels or stories - only poems, poems and plays. Did not leave the playwright and diaries. But the plays entered the Golden Fund of world dramaturgy. Books with works of Ibsen are published in different languages, and its aphorisms have long passed into the people.
Personal life
Young Ibsen was a timby with women. Nevertheless, Henry was lucky to meet Susanna Tauresen. The energetic daughter of the priest became the wife of the playwright in 1858, and in the 1859th gave birth to Ibsen's sole son - Sigurd.
Herrik Ibsen never turned out to be involved in scandals associated with a personal life. Creative nature - people who are fondant and in love, and ibsen is no exception. But despite this, Susanna remained his only woman to death.
Death
In 1891, becoming famous in Europe, Ibsen returned from voluntary links that lasted 27 years. In Christiania, Herrik lived for 15 years, having time to write four last plays. On May 23, 1906, after a long severe illness, the biography of the Norwegian playwright was completed.
An interesting fact was told Dr. Edward Bull. Before the death of Ibsen, relatives gathered in his room, and the nurse noted that today the patient looks better. The playwright said clearly:
"On the contrary!", - and died.Quotes
"Most people die, so truly and not live. Fortunately for them, they simply do not realize it. "To sin it really, it is serious about this case." "" The strongest one who fights alone. "" Some people love most about the world Others somehow most likely want to be. "Bibliography
- 1850 - "Catina"
- 1850 - "Bogatyr Kurgan"
- 1852 - "Norm, or Love Politics"
- 1853 - Ivanov Night
- 1855 - "Fru Inger from Estro
- 1856 - "Pier in Sulhauga"
- 1856 - "Warriors in Helgelda"
- 1857 - "Ulaf Lilyekrans"
- 1862 - "Comedy of Love"
- 1863 - "Fight for the throne"
- 1866 - "Brand"
- 1867 - "Per Gunt"
- 1869 - "Union of Youth"
- 1873 - Dilogy "Caesar and Galilein"
- 1877 - "Pillars of the Company"
- 1879 - "Puppet House"
- 1881 - "Ghosts"
- 1882 - "The Enemy of the People"
- 1884 - "Wild Duck"
- 1886 - Rosmersholm
- 1888 - "Woman from the sea"
- 1890 - "Gedda Gabler"
- 1892 - "Salnes Builder"
- 1894 - "Little Ayolfe"
- 1896 - "Yun Gabriel Borkman"
- 1899 - "When we, the dead, awaken"