Biography
He entered the "big troika" fiction writers on a par with Aizek Asimov and Arthur Clark. Repeatedly received prestigious Awards "Hugo" and "Involve". His name is asteroid and Martian crater. This is Robert Heinline, the American writer, which largely influenced how scientific fiction looks like now.Childhood and youth
Robert Enon Jainline was born in the town of Butler, Missouri, July 7, 1907. His parents had seven children, Robert - the third. The family lived in the parent house Bem, while the boy has not been three years old. Just then his father found a job in Kansas City, and the family moved there.
Four more than four years, Robert was located at the grandfather, until he died. Grandfather Alva Lyle presented a great infant for the future fiction, making a love for reading and accurate sciences. Robert, after the memory of the grandfather, often used the alias of Lyle Monroe, when he just started a writer's career.
In 1920, entered the central secondary school, Robert became interested in astronomy. The theory of the evolution of Charles Darwin impressed him and was reflected in subsequent creativity. A lover of solving non-standard tasks in mathematics, the young man has used a hobby later, for example, in the story "... and he built a curly domishko."
After school, Heinline decided to link further life with the fleet. To do this, it was necessary to enter the Naval Academy, which turned out to be a challenge. First, in order to get the opportunity to go through the introductory tests, it was necessary to protect any of the members of the Senate or Congress.
Secondly, the Academy was taken by one of the family, and Robert's older brother was already studied. The young man had to work hard - collecting recommendation letters, he immediately transported them to the Senator James A. Rida in the hope of support. For the year, the Senator received 100 letters from the likely applicants of the Annapolis Academy, 50 of them - from Heinline.
So in 1925, Robert achieved his own and began his studies with zeal. After 4 years, ending with the educational institution, the guy was a champion in fencing, wrestling and shooting, and also became twenty in the ranking of graduates from more than two hundred people. And I could become the fifth, but lost positions due to problems with discipline. Until 1934, Robert served in a fleet, then was forced due to the tuberculosis to leave the military career.
Literature
Russian literary crowns divide the creative life of Heineine for periods. However, their overseas colleagues prefer to avoid separation, as there are always works that are close to any framework.
The first novel of Robert Hainline - "We, Living," turned out to be unsuccessful. The science fiction began writing stories from which the cycle "The History of the Future" arose. The XX century came out unlike the prediction of the writer, but in the 1980s he created the World Cycle as a myth explaining and correcting the inconsistency of reality with fiction.
The first novel that became published in 1947 "Galileo Rocket Ship". Initially, the novel did not want to print, as the field of flight to the moon seemed irrelevant. But the science fiction still found the publisher and began to release the book every year, which then entered the so-called youth cycle.
These books are interesting to the reader of any age, quite simple and conservative in shape, but not in content. It did not always like the censors. For example, in the "Red Planet", the editor did not like the method of breeding among the inhabitants of Mars and the fact that teenagers are confidently owned by weapons.
Popular among fiction lovers "Door to Summer" (1956) and "Galaxy Citizen" (1957). The first one not once recognized as the best scientific fiction novel.
In the late 50s, Robert Sainline broke up with the role of the author for teenagers. This happened thanks to the novel "Star landing" - a peculiar response to the call to the states unilaterally stop nuclear tests. After that, the writer's novel was accused of militarism.
Since 1961, Robert wrote for an adult audience and significantly changed the NF genre itself. He became so popular and recognized as a ficture that even commented on the landing of astronauts on the moon in the literal to Ether in 1969.
Heinline embodied not one idea, which later became the cliché of the genre of the NF. For example, the idea of the aliens parasitizing on earthlings, subordinating their will and mind, as in the novel "Cooks". The novel "Orange in someone else's country", who had the working title "Hehetik", Heinline wrote more than 10 years and invested in the plot of historical allusions. After the publication of the novel, a scandal happened due to the inconsistency of the images of the image of religion and sex.
In the 1960s, the science fiction returned to the genre of fantasy, with the use of the canons of which wrote in the 1940s of the stories. "Valor's road" (1963) is the only "clean" fantasy of the author. Satira, anti-nightopia, author philosophy added in later work. The writer worked 48 years old, and now its bibliography consists of 32 novels and many small works, including 59 stories.
There are 4 films in Heinline: "Starring landing", "destination - moon" (based on the novel "Galileo Rocket Ship"), "Patrol of Time" (based on the story "All Zombie") and "Cooks". Of these, only the latter can be called an emission, because in the rest of the scenarios and directors were too rapidly interpreted by the author's intent.
Personal life
For the first time, Heinline was combined with a marriage in 1929 with Elinor Curry, familiar to him from school. Marriage broke up in the 1930th. Elinor did not want to leave the native city, and the Military Service of Robert did not imply somewar. Two years later, the future science fiction again married - on a political activist and simply an extraordinary woman Leslin McDonald.
Having completed the military career due to illness, Robert with the submission of the spouse engaged in political activities that carried the socialist orientation. Then, in 1938, he attempted to go to the Legislative Assembly, which was unsuccessful.
During the war, Robert met Virginia Gershendfeld. At first, he, although he fell in love, did not want to destroy the marriage with Leslin, but still divorced in 1947, when the difficulties associated with alcohol began. A year later, he married Virginia.
This marriage turned out to be the most successful - spouses lived together for 40 years. The wife helped the fiction and supported him, offered ideas, was both the first reader, and the manager, and the secretary.
The 1970s brought a problem to the writer - for more than two years he was treated from peritonitis. In 1978, after a heavy attack of Heart Ischemia, Heineine took coronary shunting. Moved a few heart operations, the score wrote five more novels. And even in 1983 he went to Antarctica, and before that he visited all the other continents.
Death
By 1987, Heinlan's health worsened, he needed a permanent medical care. Roberta and Virginia had to leave their house in Bonnie Dun and move to the city of Karmel. May 8, 1988 Robert Heinline died in a dream. Emphysema interrupted the biography of the famous science science writer. It was cremated, and the dust dispelled over the Pacific waves.
After the death of the writer, in 1989, his wife issued a collection of "Grumbling from the grave", which entered his correspondence with publishers. In the 1992 Collection "Requiem: a tribute to the master's memory" entered the early stories that were not published during the author's life.
In 2003, the first novel "We, Living", written in 1939 and considered lost. And with the advent of the Internet, photos of Robert Heinlayna, his creations and a lot of quotes from the books of the Great Master of Science Fiction were available to all.
Bibliography
- 1941 - "Children of Malfusail"
- 1942 - "There, beyond"
- 1947 - "Galileo Rocket Ship
- 1948 - "Space Cadet"
- 1949 - "Red Planet"
- 1950 - "Farmer in Heaven"
- 1951 - "Cooks"
- 1951 - "between the planets"
- 1952 - "Space Family Stone"
- 1953 - "Astronaut Jones"
- 1954 - "Star Beast"
- 1955 - "Tunnel in the sky"
- 1956 - "Double Star"
- 1956 - "Time for Stars"
- 1956 - "Door to summer"
- 1957 - "Galaxy Citizen"
- 1958 - "There will be a jade - there will be a trip"
- 1959 - "Star landing"
- 1961 - "stranger in a stranger country"
- 1963 - "Messing of the Universe"
- 1963 - "Valor Road"
- 1963 - "Martian Podkin"
- 1964 - "Farnham's free possession"
- 1966 - "Moon - harsh hostess"
- 1970 - "I'm not a snack" ("Passing the valley of the mortal shadow")
- 1973 - "Is enough time for love"
- 1979 - "Number of Beast"
- 1982 - "Friday"
- 1984 - "Jobs, or a ridicule of justice"
- 1985 - "Cat passing through the walls"
- 1987 - "Float for Sunset"
- 2003 - "We, Living"