Biography
Alexey Savrasov - a housing figure in Russian painting, a man of severe destiny. His works are so poetic that they look like the poems of classics, writing on canvas. Geniya adored the disciples, the audience read for the new word in art, but the disintegration of the family, alcoholism and the material difficulties that followed these were led by the artist to the tragic end.Childhood and youth
About the early years in the biography of Alexei Kondratyevich knows little. He is a native Moskvich. Born in the spring of 1830 in a merchant family living on the territory of Zamoskvorechye.
The father of Kondrati Artemyevich was producing haberdashery and dreamed that children would inherit his commercial vein. Nadezhda's younger brother, Nikolay, who inherited a family business was acquitted by the parent of hope. An interesting fact - until the 50s, the artist wrote his surname as a father - through "O", SEPRAS, but later "responded." Thus, with single-bred sisters and brother surnames spread.
The boy became early fascinated by visual art. Already at 12, he painted watercolor and gouache landscapes of a romantic orientation. Works made by a teenager were appreciated as real works of art and gladly bought on the street that at first the father who had seen the prospects for profit, pleased. Everything changed from the moment the young Alexey announced the decision to learn from the artist and enter the Moscow School of Painting and Sculpture (Music).
Senior Senovas categorically resisted the choice of the Son, which in 1844 successfully passed the entrance examinations and became a student. There was punished with a ruble, parental disfavor and even captivity in the attic. The absence of a young man in classes in men was explained by family reasons.
Only due to living participation in the fate of a talented student of teachers, classmates and promotion of the Ober-Politzmeter Moscow Dmitry Luzina Alexey managed to return to the class of Charles Ivanovich Rabus.
The figure of the slave in the life of Savrasov is fundamental. A graduate of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, a talented landscape, he became famous first as a teacher. The master of the words raised and inspired Kamenev, Hertz, Ammon, Bocharov and many others. Under his beginning, the student's genius revealed - Savrasov instantly spoke as a new phenomenon in Russian painting.
Painting
Pictures created in student years have received recognition of the public and colleagues. In 1848, his talent was noted in a special statement of men. In 1849 he, as the author of the best student sketches, invites the patron of the Likhache to the creative journey to the south of Russia. About the works created under the impression of the trip, critic Nikolai Ramzanov wrote:
"Landscapes of Savrasova ... breathe freshness, a variety and thus, which is absorbed by the painter's brush due to warm and together reasonable views on nature."In the 1850s, he presented to the Council of Male 2 works: "The view of the Moscow Kremlin during the lunar lighting" and the "stone in the forest in the forest", served as a sufficient basis for assigning the title of the artist.
One of the key features of the works of the Creator are piercing, animated nature, filled with sense. Rethinking romantic traditions, he added to canvas realism, undismlessness, sincerity.
The "pulling" beauty of his image manner attracted the attention of vengeance. In the 1854th, the Great Princess Maria Nikolaevna acquired one of the works of the author and invited to buy in a country residence Sergiyevka, located between the brilliant Petersburg suburbs: Oranienbaum and Peterhof.
The trip will be fruitful. Works written here will bring a 24-year-old young man's title of academician, and "View in the vicinity of Oranienbaum" will be happy to buy Pavel Tretyakov. The masterpiece will enter the list of the first exhibits of the collection of his gallery, where the picture is still kept.
In 1858, after the death of his beloved slave, the artist headed the landscape class of men. His disciples will be outstanding masters: Isaac Levitan, the brothers Korovny, Mikhail Nesterov. The spirit of freedom reigned in Savrasov's workshop, he neglected the discipline and allowed the wards much more than the charter allowed. Igor Grabar wrote:
"Savrasov knew how to inspire his students, and those embraced by enthusiastic worship of nature, clutching into a close circle, worked not to twist the hands and in the workshop, and at home, and at nature."
Subsequently, his pedagogical manner will become one of the reasons for dismissal from the university along with alcoholism. Superb combined creative and teaching activities. A year after the appointment, he wrote one of the best paintings - "Landscape with the River and Fisherman" (now stored in Riga).
In the 60s, he participated in the exhibition of charity mall, traveled in Europe, in co-authorship with Vasily Pukirev, released a drawing textbook. The crown of the decade of creativity was the "Losyina Island in Sokolniki".
The 70th became the most striking period in the career and the greatest time in the personal life of the artist. He travels a lot. Leaving Moscow, for a long time he lives in the province. A great impression on Savrasov produces a Volga and landscapes in the vicinity of a mighty and full-flower river. The Zavolzhsky was given were imprinted on many canvases, including "Burlaki on the Volga". It is curious that 2 years later, the canvas with the same name will create an outstanding Ilya Repin.
Despite the fact that Savrasov is involuntarily associated with the spring, the artist wrote nature at all times. For example, in the legacy of the author a lot of work with the same name "Winter Landscape".
In 1871, he writes "Gracis flew" - a picture with which his name is now associated forever. The canvas first exhibited at the debut exhibition of the partnership of mobile art exhibitions, one of the founders of which was Savrasov. Ivan Kramskaya, comparing the canvas with the works of contemporaries, wrote
"Trees, water and even air, but there is only a soul in the" Gracches "."
In the 80-90-x "handwriting" of the author became uneven. Problems of alcohol affected, sharply worsening vision and poverty, in which the artist denounced. Among the work of the period - "Landscape. Volynsky village, "where the elements are unusual for Savrasov - smoking pipes, the factory could be.
An innovative style of the author, a look at the Russian nature has become a significant milestone in the history of painting, his heartfelt artistic voice is not verse. Interest in personality and creativity Savrasova is still great: films are removed about him, they write critical articles, make exhibitions, generalizing the rich heritage of the artist in the eyes of descendants.
Personal life
In the 1857th artist was combined with a legitimate marriage with Sofia Hertz, who had a sister of his friend and university comrade. In marriage, 5 children were born. 2 of the artist's daughters died in infancy, which was for him and spouses a terrible blow.
In 1876, the pair was separated. The wife went to her sister, taking the children, and in the life of the artist began the period of wandering. It was addicted to alcohol, a vyschensky existence was driving, the help of the help, which was offered friends "from the past", for example, Tretyakov. Two years coited with faith Kindyakova. From 1983 to death, he lived with Catherine Morgunova, who gave him a daughter's hope and son Alexei, who later became a prominent Soviet artist.
Death
Years and a detrimental addiction to alcohol poured the health of the artist. Forgotten by everyone, in 1897, he died in a hospital for the poor.
Two were present on the burial: Tretyakov's patternants and a student of Levitan, who described the masters like this:
"Savrasova appeared lyrics in painting landscape and limitless love for his native land, and this undoubted merit will never be forgotten in the field of Russian art."The grave is located on the Vagankovsky cemetery.
Paintings
- 1850 - "Stone in the forest in the spill"
- 1852 - "Dawn in the steppe"
- 1854 - "View in the vicinity of Oranienbaum"
- 1859 - "Landscape with the River and Fisherman"
- 1862 - "Swiss kind"
- 1869 - "Losyina Island in Sokolniki"
- 1871 - "Burlaki on the Volga"
- 1871 - "Graci flew"
- 1871 - "Pechersk Monastery near Nizhny Novgorod"
- 1873 - "Rasp"
- 1875 - "Rainbow"
- 1884 - "Kutuzov hut in filients"