Biography
"Konk-Gorboon" is one of the most popular in Russia and in the post-Soviet territory of works for children of primary school age. Our grandparents and grandparents read this poetic fairy tale, she was withdrawn from the school program and turned into it again. Peter Ershov's fate, the "father" of the horse-humpback, is no less difficult than the history of the creation and publications of the fairy tale.Childhood and youth
Peter Pavlovich Ershov was born on February 22, 1815 in the village of Bezrukovo Tobolsk province (now the territory of the Tyumen region). The mother of the future poet, Eutemy Vasilyevna, came from a merchant family. Father Pavel Alekseevich held the post of fixer.
In childhood, Peter was very weak, and Ershov were seriously feared for his life. From despair, they even decided on the semi-speaking rite of "sale" of a baby: a painful child "gave" for a penny. The child, of course, remained with his parents, and the poor man, as it was believed, took the disease with him.
Due to the kind of father's service, the family often moved, and the first 8 years the future poet lived in Omsk and Petropavlovsk. Then, in 1924, his father sent Peter and his brother Nicholas to Tobolsk, so that the sons were trained in the gymnasium. Therefore, for a long time, the boys had to live in detachment from their parents, in the Uncle family, the merchant of Nikolai Stepanovich Pilenkov. He, rich man and patron, belonged to nephews very warmly.
Another person who participated in Peter's life was the director of the Gymnasium Ivan Mendeleev, the father of the great chemist Dmitry Mendeleev. With him, Ershov later became friends and even gave his stepdaughter for him to marry him.
After graduating from the gymnasium, Brothers Ershov continued their studies at the University of Imperial St. Petersburg, as the Father was sent to work in the capital. Subsequently, Peter received a higher education in just 20 years, although he was negligible: after release, he did not even know a single foreign language, although he studied at the historical and philological faculty.
Creation
"Konk-Gorboon," who brought Peter fame was written by a young poet during the years of student. At first, in St. Petersburg, it was difficult for the young man: in the capital, a cholera busheva, people rebuilding. All this produced a depressing impression on the Yershov.
Then he had occurred the idea of history, the main character of which will be an honest and fair poor. The poetic component of the "Konk-Gorbok" found, thanks to Peter Alexandrovich Pletnev, Rector of the University and Professor of Russian Literature. He showed a student to Yershov's fairy tale Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, and a novice author finally decided on the fabulous direction of the plot and poetic presentation.
When the "Konk-Gorbok" was completed, Peter gave the poem to the court Alexander Pushkin and Vasily Zhukovsky, with whom he got close to study. The fairy tale caused her stormy approval, and Pushkin said that after the Skate-Gorboon, he could no longer worry about the fabulous genre and leave this way of essays.
A little later, the passage from the fairy tale, Yershov, was read from the university department himself, then another fragment of the "skate ..." published in the monthly journal "Library for reading" for 1834. Success led to the fact that in October 1834 the fairy tale was fully published. The debut book of Peter Yershova was sold at a price of 5 rubles per copy.
A month later, Peter secured success - in the print, the first part of his "old were" was given, the ballads "Siberian Cossack", and then the second. This work was also successful: in the 1840s, the "excellence" became the system song of the 2nd Siberian Cossack Regiment. They did not forget the "Siberian Cossack" and later - in making music, many singers and singers performed the historical ballad, including Nadezhda Babkin.
Success "Skate-Gorbunk" opened the door to the young writer to the creative society of St. Petersburg. Peter began to attend meetings of writers, get acquainted with colleagues in the workshop and thought that his vocation would be writing work.
However, by violence and, perhaps, childhood spent in the province, Ershov failed to assess the dense relationship of literature with the political situation in the state. As a result, the government saw the disrespectful attitude towards the royal power in the "skate-Gorbunke", and the book turned out to be prohibited to publication. Therefore, despite the popularity of the fairy tales, reprinted the "skate ..." only in 1856, after changing the king.
An interesting fact: after Opala passed, Peter Pavlovich in 1857 turned out to be included in the list of persons deserving government confidence. Moreover, the writer as a kind, intelligent and honest person characterized in it. Critics reacted to a fairy tale double: she was praised, and scolded. Among the people who "Konk-Gorbok" fell not to taste, was Critic Vissarion Belinsky, who defeated the work of the author in his article.
In the future, on the literary field, Ershov tried himself in various genres: he wrote a poetry of both small and large forms, composed prose and dramatic works. However, the success of "skate ..." could not repeat none of his subsequent work. Petra poems were secondary and with perfect form did not cause readers who spoiled the poetry of the Golden Age, no interest in their content.
The poet tried to return to the "folk genre" and took up the writing of the poem Ivan-Tsarevich. But the result of the work categorically Ershov did not like, and he destroyed the manuscript. Also, Peter tried to write a libretto to the opera with a fabulous story "Scary Sword". The work was mostly successful, but in the light of it did not introduce it - the fresh opera Mikhail Glinka "Life for the king" made the work of Yershov unnecessary.
Personal life
The biography of Peter Pavlovich, outside creativity, was also not easy. In the middle of the 1830s, a young man had to leave the capital: he first died his brother, then - father, and someone had to take a mother on the care. Ershov returned to Tobolsk, where he received the post of teacher Tobolsk gymnasium. Initially, Peter planned to become a teacher of verbost, but this post was not found. Therefore, I had to teach the gymnasists Latin, which Peter himself did not like at all.
After the death of Mother, a man seriously thought to return to St. Petersburg, but personal circumstances intervened: Peter fell in love. The widow became the widow of Serafim Leshchev, who had already four children. The marriage lasted 5 years, then the woman died in childbirth. Ershov married the Kuzmin's Olympics, but this marriage ended in 1853 due to the death of the spouse.
Ovdov repeatedly, Peter Pavlovich still did not lose hope to find happiness in his personal life, and in the end it he managed. With the third wife, Elena Cherkasy Writer lived until the end of his life. In total, 15 children were born in Marriages, 15 children were born, but before the majority they lived only four.
Peter Pavlovich's career as a teacher, despite the dislike for Latin, was successful. After 8 years of work, he became an inspector of the Tobolsk gymnasium, and after 21 years he served before the directorial post.
The Ershov service paid a lot of time and attention: not limited to the gymnasium, Peter Pavlovich established several new schools, including rare women's educational institutions for those times. He also wrote essays on a pedagogical theme, initiated the organizational of the theater in the gymnasium, for whom the plays himself wrote.
Death
The exact cause of Peter Pavlovich's death is unknown. Before the descendants, only the information was reached that the last years of life a man suffered from a water-sickness, in which a large amount of liquid accumulates in the cavity of the belly. Despite the painful symptoms, Ershov had remained active and vigorous man.
Peter Pavlovich Ershov died on August 18, 1869 in Tobolsk. The grave of the poet is located at the local dialing cemetery. On the tombstone there is an inscription, which says that under it is the author of the fairy tale "Konk-Gorbok".
After death, the recognition of the creativity of Ershov turned out to be higher than in life. In honor of him, the streets in Tobolsk and Isima are named, and the native village of Bezrukovo renamed Ershovo in 1960. Peter Pavlovich set 2 monuments and bust. In addition, it is possible to obtain an idea of the appearance of the writer due to several portraits drawn in life.
Bibliography
- 1834 - "Konk-Gorbok"
- 1834 - "Siberian Cossack"