Biography
Mikhail Chekhov - Russian actor, director and theater teacher. The creative figure, worked on the Stanislavsky system and designed the author's method. In memory of themselves, the artist and director left numerous images in performances and film stones, books and articles about the specifics of acting work. Chekhov is a companion of the founders of Mkhat, who managed to achieve popularity in Europe and the United States. He put the performances on foreign scenic sites, lectured and led the seminars for future artists.Childhood and youth
Mikhail Alexandrovich Chekhov is the nephew of the famous playwright Anton Chekhov. The father of the boy, like his relative, tried himself in literature. In 1888, Alexander Chekhov became a widower and after the next year he married the governess who worked with his children. She presented him with the son of Mikhail.
The boy was born 17 (29) August 1891 in St. Petersburg and from childhood demonstrated creative inclinations. Parents saw it, and his father believed that his heir would grow by a talented performer. Pretty Misha Putal for dramatic art. In 1907, he became a student of the theater school in literary and art society. The scenic debut took place within the framework of amateur productions.
Teachers noted that Misha was very successful in comic images and is able to embody the characteristic characters. Having completed training, the young man became a member of the troupe of the Suvorin theater, which worked half a year. In 1912, the acquaintance with Konstantin Stanislavsky, Mikhail received an invitation to cooperate with MHT.
Theater and films
The first hero in the Moscow Art Theater for Chekhov became Vaska from Ivan Turgenev. The novice artist was happy to appear by the prospects. Then it became known about the opening of the studio at MHT. From that moment on, Mikhail was involved in the main scene in the crowd, and then in the main roles, and in the studio under the leadership of Evgeny Vakhtangov and Leopold Solerzhitsky.In 1913, the artist first turned out to be in front of the lens of the film chamber, performing in the form of Mikhail Romanov in the film "The Three-Treatment of the reign of the House of Romanov". Following this film starred in 5 silent pictures. In parallel, he went to the studio scene at the art theater in the image of Freibe from the play "Holiday World", played Epodova in the "Cherry Garden" formulation on the main scene of the theater. In the next 2 years, the actor was often involved in performances organized by Stanislavsky.
The 1915th brought the role of the role in the films "Surgery" and "Cricket". He also embodied on the scene of the mill from the Plays "Flood", which went in the studio. Stanislavsky invited Chekhov to play Trepleva in the famous "seagull" in 1916, but the artist failed, the addition to the depression was supplemented. The complex psychological state of a creative person was not easy to explain. In addition, during this period, a cousin, whose death Mikhail worried and decided to abandon role.
Chekhov worked as a system of acting existence, which preached in his own studio, founded in 1918 in his apartment. Stanislavsky himself encouraged these classes. The actor issued several articles in which the analysis of the famous method. The creator of Mkhat has rehearsed Malvolio in the formulation of the "Twelve Night" and played the main character in Eric XIV. In parallel, Mikhail taught acting skills.
Chekhov was involved in the formulation of Stanislavsky "Auditor". His xles had enthusiastic reviews of critics. The actors chased creative figures of Russia and Europe, after he visited Lithuanian tourists, Estonia, Slovenia and the Czech Republic.
In 1922, he rose at the helm of the first MHAT Studio, which the next year was 10 years old. The artist rehearsed Hamlet. The premiere received ambiguous assessment, but by the time Chekhov's merit were obvious. He became a well-deserved artist of academic theaters. In the same period, the first studio was renamed the second.
In 1926, the studio had a split. Chekhov refused to skip Alexander Ostrovsky on the stage of "Wolves and Sheep" in the formulation of Alexei Wild. Anatoly Lunacharsky intervened. The troupe did not want to work with wild, and the contract with him did not intend to extend. A complex position was an obstacle to the tour tour in the United States, which organized Stanislavsky. As a result of the proceedings, Mikhail Chekhov became the sole executant of the studio at the proposal of the drug addict.
Becoming the head, he did not refuse artistic activities and continued to be filmed. In 1927, the premiere of the film "Man from the Restaurant", which is considered the most serious in the cinematic biography of a man.
Exploring the Stanislavsky method, in 1928 Chekhov released the book "The Way of Actor". In the same period, not exhausted passions of passions that reigned in the theater, he decided to leave him, but the meeting refused. The actor took a small break to correct health, and he himself agreed to shoot at the Troika tape of the German director of Max Reinhardt.
He also played in the "Artists". Then followed the work in the films "Fool because of love", "Ghost of Happiness", "singer of his sadness". As a director, he set the "twelfth night" and "Gabima", gaining recognition abroad as the theater organizer.
The artist worked abroad, planned the opening of the acting school in France and created the Society of the Friends of the Teethere Chekhov in Paris, rented a room for performances. They found patrons that support his project financially, but the first productions seemed to the creative figure unsatisfactory. He began to negotiate cooperation with the Riga Theater of the Russian Drama, where he submitted several plays.
Mikhail Chekhov worked a lot in the near abroad - Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania and arranged seminars, explaining the actors of the Stanislavsky method. He also talked about his own vision of creative existence on the scene. In the 1935th, Chekhov Theater under his leadership gave tour in the United States.
The theater worker received an invitation to cooperate from the English Studio Dartanton Hall and worked there from 1936 to 1938. The unstable position in Europe in anticipation of the war forced the actor in the company of like-minded people from his studio to move to the United States. There, not far from New York, he again took up the director, putting the play of William Shakespeare.
In the wartime, Chekhov suspended theatrical activity and turned to the cinema, starring in the ribbons "Song about Russia" and "in our time." In 1945, the premiere of the "Enchanted" picture was presented, for which the artist received a nomination for Oscar. It was followed by the tape "Ghost Rosa", "swear!" and others.
During this period, Chekhov paid great attention to pedagogy. He released the book "On the actor technique", which described his own vision of existence on stage. She was interested in actors, among them and Marilyn Monroe. The director was the author of the performances in the Laboratory Theater in Hollywood.
Health problems forced the director to abandon the director and concentrate on pedagogy. Speaking of his own school, built on the Methodology of Stanislavsky, Chekhov has gained popularity from overseas actors. Interesting Fact: The Studio of the director seriously influenced the acting systems of Europe.
He focused on the formation of the repertoire, the psychotechnic of the actor and its existence. Cechova's creativity received a high rating in Hollywood, and the fees were very impressive. The reason for this was wound and in the fact that he was among the followers of Stanislavsky, who managed to work with a master.
Personal life
Mikhail Chekhov first married in 1914. His chosen was Olga Chekhov, known in theatrical circles under the first name of the book. She added the second to her after marriage. The girl accounted for the niece of Antea Chekhov's wife.
In addition to the daughter of Olga, there were no children from spouses. Like parents, the girl chose creative activity, becoming an actress. Personal life with Olga did not work out, and Mikhail left his wife in 1917.
The second time the man was combined with a marriage with Ksenia Tsiller, a German by origin.
Death
Theatrical figure died in 1955. The cause of death was myocardial infarction. At this time, Mikhail Chekhov lived in the United States, so the funeral and burial of urn with dust passed in Los Angeles. His grave is located on the Forest-Lon Memorial Cemetery.Creative merits and achievements Mikhail Chekhov were in undeserved forgetting home. To his behalf, appealed in the 1980s. Chekhov's system became known, and theaters discussed it on a par with the method of Stanislavsky. Photo Chekhov, as well as films with his participation, can be found on the Internet.
Filmography
- 1913 - "Three hundred reign of the house of Romanov"
- 1914 - "When the strings of the heart sound"
- 1915 - "Cricket on the furnace"
- 1915 - "Surprise Cabinet"
- 1916 - "Love Surprises in vain"
- 1927 - "Man from the restaurant"
- 1929 - "Ghosts of Happiness"
- 1929 - "Jester of his love"
- 1930 - Troika
- 1944 - "Song of Russia"
- 1944 - "Nowadays"
- 1945 - "Waiting"
- 1946 - "Irish Rosa Ebby"
- 1948 - "Texas, Brooklyn and Heaven"
- 1954 - "Rapseody"