Biography
Chilean poet Pablo Neruda became known when he turned 13 years old. For many decades, the master of the South American rhyme wrote surrealistic poems, historical poems, political manifestos, sonnets, and in 1971 he was awarded the highest award - the Nobel Prize, being at the same level with Thomas Mann, William Falkner and Ernest Hemingway. However, a significant part of Neruda's life was devoted not to literature, but politics.Childhood and youth
Pablo Neruda is a creative pseudonym, which became the official name of the poet only in the 1920s. Parents, Railway Worker José del Carmen Reyes Morales and School Teacher Rosa Neftali Basoalto Opazo, ordered Kid Ricardo Elieser Neftali Reyes Basateto. He was born on July 12, 1904 in the Chilean city of Parral.
Embed from getty imagesMother Pablo died 2 months after childbirth, the cause of death is tuberculosis. Immediately after the death of his wife, Morales was married with Trinidad Kandia Malrede - a woman who else in 1895 gave him the son of Rodolfo de la Rosa. The company Pablo and Rodolfo was Laura Herminia - the extramarital daughter of Morales and a certain Aurelia of the Mob. The families collected in parts lived in Temo.
The first poems of Neruda wrote in 1914. Father sharply opposed his son's hobbies. For the boy, poetess Gabriel Mistral was entered into the Nobel Prize winner of the 1945 literature, and in those days, the school director in which Pablo was studied. In many ways, thanks to her on July 18, 1917, the Light saw the debut essay of Neruda "Enthusiasm and perseverance".
Creation
Since 1918, the young Chilean poet has printed in literary journals under the pseudonym of oil Reyes, and in the 1920s acquired a name known today - Pablo Neruda. Historians explain the choice of the name of the interest of a young man to the work of the Czech writer Jan Neruda, and the desire to divert on behalf of this at birth - the disapproval of the Father.In 1923, he released the first collection of "Sunset Meeting", and a year later, the world saw the most famous work of the poet - "Twenty poems of love and one song of despair", embarrassed critics excessive eroticism.
By 20 years, Pablo Neruda became a famous poet, but his financial situation left much to be desired. The collection "Attempt of an endless person" and Roman "Abode and His Hope" did not help the Chilean to get out due to the features of poverty. Financial despair is the main reason why a significant part of Neruda's biography is associated with politics, and not with creativity.
Political activity
In 1927, Neruda became a consul in Burma. After returning to Chile, Neruda held high diplomatic positions in Argentina and Spain, where he became friends with Frederico Garcia Lorca. In 1940-1943, Neruda served as ambassador to Mexico City. The post helped him organize the flight of the Mexican artist José David Alfaro Sicairos, who was accused of attempting on the revolutionary Leo Trotsky.
In the years of World War II, Neruda chance the heroism of the Red Army, "New Love Song for Stalingrad" (1943) is dedicated to this. And in general, the poet, as many contemporaries, admired the Soviet Union, especially Joseph Stalin.
In subsequent years, Neruda hid in Chile, traveled in Europe, visited India, China, Sri Lanka, Soviet Union. On trips were born a collection "Poems of the Captain" (1952), the poem "Night on the island", "Ode Fish Summer".
In 1970, Neruda was declared candidate for Chile presidency. The post did not attract the poet, and he lost with a light heart. The new ruler proposed the former opponent's post in France, which he held up to 1972. This is the last diplomatic post of Neruda.
In 1971, Neruda was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature "For poetry, which with a supernatural force embodied the soul and fate of a whole continent." The choice was not easy: the jury remembered how the poet supported the Stalinist dictatorship.
Personal life
In 1928, at the Indonesian Island, Java Pablo Neruda met the Dutch Marius Antonieth Chagenar Foelzang, after 2 months the couple was engaged. In 1934, they had a Galva Girl Marina Trinidad del Carmen Reyes. Baby suffered from hydrocephalus. Neruda refused to call himself the father of the sick child, and in 1936 the spouses divorced. Marika tried to find a job to adequately raise a child. As a result, Malva was determined in the foster family, where she died in 1942.Embed from getty imagesThe next Pasia Neruda, Argentinka Delia Del Carrill, was 20 years older than the beloved. The couple got married in the early 1940s. The spouse really followed the poet in exile.
At the end of 1949, Neruda suffered from phlebitis. Caring for him Chilean singer Matilda Uritia. Between them the novel rose. The girl moved behind the poet from the country to the country, served as a muse for writing "Stee Captain." Their secret personal life led to the fact that in 1953 the Carrill filed for divorce. Uritia became the third and last wife of Niruda.
Death
In September 1973, a military coup took place in Chile, as a result of which Augusto Pinochet came to power. At the same time, it became known that Neruda was sick: he was diagnosed with prostate cancer. On September 23, 1973, the poet died in the hospital in Santiago from heart failure. However, there is a version according to which the Chilean poet killed supporters of Pinochet.
In May 2011, the Proceso Mexican magazine published an interview with the former driver of Neruda Manuel Arayay, who allegedly attended the telephone conversation of the head with his wife Uritia. The communist argued that the doctor killed him on the orders of Pinochet and that he had just made a injection in the stomach. Neruda died 6.5 hours after the call.
In 2013, the exhumation of the Body of Neruda was held to clarify the true causes of death. According to the official report of the Ministry of Internal Affairs Chile, published in March 2015, the poet "could be poisoned by the poison of unknown origin."
Quotes
- "I want to create with you what spring creates with wild cherries in the forest."
- "So, it can be seen, will be until the end of my life. One hand beats, and the other stretches the bouquet of flowers so that I do not remember evil. "
- "Where should I get so not to find yourself?".
- "Honestly, any writer of our planet, which is called the Earth, would like to get the Nobel Prize - and the one who is silent about it, and the one who denies it."
Bibliography
- 1922 - "Sunset Collection"
- 1924 - "Twenty love poems and one song despair"
- 1926 - "The Inhabitant and His Hope"
- 1933, 1935 - "Resource - Earth"
- 1937 - "Spain in the heart"
- 1943 - "New Song of Love for Stalingrad"
- 1947 - "Third Residence"
- 1950 - "Universal Song"
- 1952 - "Captain Poems"
- 1959 - "One hundred Sonets of Love"
- 1960 - "Heroic Song"
- 1962 - "Plenipotentiary Representative"
- 1972 - "Fancy Geography"
- 1973 - "Sea and bells"