I-Biograge
UChristopher Tolkien wayeyindodana yomlobi odumile uJohn Tolkien, owabhala incwadi ethi "Hobbit, noma lapho nangemuva" kanye ne-Trilogy "Inkosi Yezindandatho". U-Linguist, uMhleli kanye noProfesa waseyunivesithi nabo basebenza izincwadi futhi basebenza emisebenzini, ababengenaso isikhathi sokushicilela ubaba odumile.Ubuntwana nentsha
UChristopher uJohn uTolkien wazalelwa e-UK futhi waba yindodana yesithathu yombhali wehlelo lombhali nonkosikazi wakhe u-Edith Bratt. Ukubopha ngoNovemba 21, 1924, ingane yakhula phakathi kwabafowethu, bengazi ubuntwana bokuncishwa kanye nezinkinga.
Ngemuva kwezindlalifa eziphezulu, uJohn noMichael, ingane yaya esikoleni e-Oxford, yabe isingena ekolishi lezikhulumi, ezazimelela isikole samaKatolika boarding. Lapho, wathola impumelelo emkhakheni wezincwadi futhi ubuciko futhi ngenxa yamathalente emvelo waba ngumnikazi wemiklomelo eminingana.
Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II, uChristopher, walandela isibonelo somzali odumile, wangena ebuthweni lasebukhosini ekwahlukanisweni kwe-Air Force Force. Wadlula ezifundweni zabashayeli bezindiza futhi waba yisikhulu esitokisini, lapho kuze kube ngu-1945 esebenza ngokuphepha.
Ngokusho kwamakhophi amadokhumenti, abhalwa kabusha ama-tolkien nabazali bakhe abagxeke izenzo zaseJalimane, ezachitha amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu. Walandela umbono kaYise wokuthi umhlaba ubuswa ngumhlaba, wagcina leli phuzu lelo mbono iminyaka eminingi.
Ngemuva kokuphela kwezithuthuthu, uChristopher wakhuthazeka embuthweni wezempi futhi, ephethe iholide ezweni lakubo, waya e-Oxford University. Wafundela isiNgisi nezincwadi ngemali ephethe uTriques ekolishi uZiqu-zintathu futhi wathola iziqu ze-bachelor eneminyaka engama-25.
Efuna ukuqhubeka nokutadisha nokuthuthuka emkhakheni wezilimi, uTolkien wahlala ezifundweni ezengeziwe eziletha iDiploma Ye-2D. Ngemuva kwalokho wajoyina umbuthano womndeni, owayequkethe abafundi nabagxeki, futhi wajoyina umphakathi "othambekele", oholwa nguYise.
Ebusheni bakhe, ithonya elikhulu ekwakhekeni kobuntu bukaChristophene lanikezwa yimisebenzi yomzali, ibonwa kuqala njengezinganekwane zezingane. Ushiye i-adventure yokufika kwezibalo ze-bilbo, ezinye zazo zaqoshwa futhi zagcinwa kuze kube namuhla.
Izincwadi
I-biography endala yase-Oxford iziqu zanqunyelwa kusengaphambili ekuqaleni futhi yaqala ngemisebenzi yokuhlela nokuhumusha. Uvakashele umphakathi wengxoxo lapho kwaxoxwa khona khona imisebenzi yanamuhla futhi kwasiza ababhali ukuthi bangene emjikelezweni wokubhala.Phakathi kweTolkien encane ejwayelekile kwakunguClive Stepliwz Lewis noCharles Williams, kanye ne-Owen Barfield, Roy Campbell, Colin Hardy no-Adam Fox. Lababantu babengamasiko nezinkolo ezahlukahlukene, kepha bashintshana ngenkuthalo imibono futhi bakhombisa ukukhula kokudala.
Noma nini lapho bengena ezweni lemisebenzi emihle, uChristopher wathinta okuhle futhi kwakha ukunambitheka kobuciko. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, waba nokugxekwa okungakhangisi, owanikeza izeluleko ezibalulekile futhi akanamahloni ekuboniseni imizwa yakhe echichima.
Inzalo kaMdali weMedithera yayivame ukukhuluma nomzali wayo futhi yamsiza ekuhleleni imibhalo futhi yakha amakhadi amakhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa okuningiliziwe kwecebo lendawo yonke negceke, i-gondra ne-arnor kudinga ukunakwa okwedlule, isikhathi kanye nabasebenzi.
I-Phransien TOLKINGIEN TOLKIen yaba "Saga ngoMevor noHeidrek" abahunyushwe kusuka ku-Icelandic futhi bashicilelwa kuma-60s. Esingenisweni esiyingqayizivele namazwana avela lapho kwenzeka, umbhali uzwakalise imicabango yakhe ngemihlaba edumile edumile.
Izincwadi zashiya indawo yemisebenzi yokuhlehlisa, futhi uChristopher waba nguprofesa exford, elandela ezinyathelweni zikayise. Wakujabulela ukuhlonishwa kwabafundi ngolwazi olunzulu kanye nekhono empikiswaneni yesayensi ukulalela amaqembu kuze kube sekupheleni.
Ngo-1975, eshiya uMnyango weNyuvesi, e-Christopher, ngokuzibandakanya kwabantu abanomqondo ofanayo, ababambisene nezincwadi zokuhlela. Waphothulwa uSilmarillion, owayengaqediwe ngumzali wakhe futhi washicilela "umlando waseMedithera", usebenzisa okusalungiswa kombhali.
Ukuba ngumbukiso wezemibhalo wafa uJohn Tolkina, iNdodana yabutha yonke imibhalo yesandla ekuqaleni kwama-2000s. Ngakho-ke kwakukhona indaba "izingane zikaHurin" kanye noRoma "noBeren noLutin", kanye nomsebenzi we- "Fall of Gondoline", okwaba ngowokugcina emsebenzini kayise.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-bibliography yagcwaliswa ngencwadi engahlobene neMedithera eshicilelwe ngaphansi kwegama elithi "inganekwane kaSigurd noGudrun". Ukubukeka kwakhe kwaheha ukunakwa kwezinkulungwane zabalandeli bemlando yomlando, nomsindo ongekho emthethweni wakhuphuka emphakathini wezemibhalo.
Ngaphambi nje kwesikhathi, uPeter Jackson wabuyisela ukuhlolwa kwezincwadi zeTolkina, lapho kwenziwa khona izindima zika-Ian Mccellen noChristopher Lee. U-Elaja Wood, Viggo Mortensen, orlando Bloom kanye noDominic Monagan badlala amalungu e-Magic Fraternity nezakhamizi zezwe eliqanjiwe.
Amafilimu athole ukuphakanyiswa okuningi kwabangela ukuthi uChristopher aneliseki, okwakubona ukuthi umsebenzi odumile waphenduka walwela okulula. Wazama ukumisa ukunqunyelwa kokuqoshwa kwamacala amakhulu enkantolo, kodwa, ngaphandle kwamalungelo okuvumelanisa ne-trilogy, ekugcineni, akukho lutho olufinyelelwe.
Ngo-2009, kwavela ukuxabana okufanayo ne- "hobbit", kepha umugqa omusha we-cinema studio ngokungenisa ngokuyisimangaliso ukwenqaba isimangalo. Ukukhiqizwa kweziqephu ezi-3 zasondela ekuhlolisweni ngokweqile, ngokuhlonipha umbono wendlalifa yomlobi futhi angafuni ukuya engcupheni.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Empilweni yomuntu siqu kaChristopher Tolkien, kwakunomshado osemthethweni ongokomfanekiso, kodwa wajabula ngempela eFrance emphakathini wokugcina. Isigaba sikaBilly sasiza umyeni wakhe ekusebenzeni emibhalweni yesandla eyilwayo, kanye nemibhalo namakhadi ashintshiwe.
UProfesa noLingust babenendodana evela kumlingani wokuqala owaduma njengombhali, ummeli nomeluleki wefilimu. Waxabana nomzali wakhe ngenxa yokubambisana nabasebenzi befilimu, ahlanekezela umbono kaJohn Tolkien kanye nezinto zakhe zibuthaka.
Nabanye abantwana, uRaheli no-Adamu, uChristopher basekela ubudlelwano, futhi babevame ukungena endlini, endaweni yomphakathi weDradignan. Ukuphela kwesihloko esivinjelwe kwakubhekwa njengokukhishwa kwefilimu okuhlambalazayo, noma ngabe yikuphi, okwenziwe futhi ukushaya isikrini esikhulu.
Ukushona
NgoJanuwari 16, 2020, i-Var-Matin Edition ibike ukuthi indodana kaJohn Tolkina odumile yafa esibhedlela esifundeni se-VAR. Ngokusho kweminye imibiko, kusukela ebuntwaneni ubone izinkinga zezinhliziyo, futhi imbangela yokufa okuzinzile kwaba okunye ukuqhuma okuqinile.I-Bibliography
- 1980 - "Izinganekwane ze-neundora neMedithera"
- 1983-1996 - "Umlando waseMedithera"
- Ngo-2007 - "Izingane zikaHurin"
- Ngo-2009 - "Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun"
- 2013 - "Fall Arthur"
- 2017 - "Beren noLutin"
- 2018 - "Drop Gondolina"