UHenry Böll - Izithombe, i-Biography, imbangela yokufa, impilo yomuntu siqu, izincwadi

I-Biograge

Umlobi, umhumushi kanye nesimo sikaHenry Böll abiza umlobi waseJalimane waseRussia, ngoba kungenjalo kwelinye izwe, ngaphandle kweJalimane, umsebenzi wakhe awuzange usebenzise okudumile njengaseRussia. Okomsebenzi wezepolitiki kanye nobuqotho bemisebenzi, wabizwa ngokuthi "Ncombeka Wezizwe". Le ndoda yagqugquzela inkululeko yomoya yonke indawo, lapho ayesengozini.

Ubuntwana nentsha

I-biography yomlobi yaqala ebusika bango-1917, wazalwa eCologne, wakhulela emndenini omkhulu. Abazali bakhe babengamaKatolika, umama wahlanganyela emnothweni nasezinganeni, uyise wasebenza njengegumbi. Eminyakeni emine ubudala, umfana wafunda esikoleni samaKatolika, wabe esedlulisela eGlobassium kaKaizer Wilhelm. Ukubhalwa kwe-Heinrich ngokubhala kwalandelwa sekusencane. Eminyakeni yokufunda esikoleni, wahlanganisa izinkondlo nezindaba.

Impilo yomuntu siqu

Impilo yomuntu siqu yeBöll iye yathuthuka ngempumelelo, indoda yahlangana nothando lwayo eminyakeni enzima yempi. Ngo-1942 umshado wakhe wawubanjelwe no-Anna Maria Czech, owethule umlingani wamadodana amathathu - uVincent, uRarunda noRene. Esithombeni esihlanganyelwe, umndeni wakwaBöll ubukeka ujabule, kuyacaca ukuthi abashadikazi abanezingane babusa uthando nokuqonda.

Izincwadi

Umsebenzi wokuqala kaHeinrich wawungahlobene nezincwadi. Ekuqaleni wayengumjoyine, wabe esesebenza esitolo sezincwadi, khona-ke esitolo sakwa-Buckinists kwakungumfundi womthengisi, wabe eseya ekamu lokufukuzwa kwabasebenzi be-Imperial Burget Service. Ngemuva kokuba umfana ehlelele ukuqhubeka efunda eyunivesithi, kodwa wabizelwa edolobhaneni, futhi kusukela ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II, waya ukulwa neFrance. Wathola ukulimala okungu-4, kodwa wasinda. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zazidingiswa kubantu baseMelika, futhi ngemuva kokukhululwa kwenkululeko ebuyela e-Cologne yakhe yendabuko futhi wangena eyunivesithi, lapho aqala khona ukutadisha ifilosofi.

Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Njengoba imali ibilokhu intula njalo, uHeinrich wasebenza isikhashana emhlanganweni kababa. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala waphenduka uphawu ngo-1947. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, le ndoda yethule le ndaba "isitimela siza ngesikhathi", nomunye unyaka iqoqo lezindaba. Ngemuva kwencwadi ethi "Bekukuphi, u-Adamu?" Uvele emashalofini ezitolo zemibhalo. Imisebenzi yokuqala yeHeinrich igcwele ubuningi obubalulekile kanye nokwehlukahluka okuhlukile. Amanoveli amaningi athola abafundi kanye nezimpendulo zabagxeki, nangendaba ethi "Imvu Emnyama" Athole Umklomelo.

Ekuqaleni kwi-bibliography yombhali bekunezindaba ezinamapulani alula. Kancane kancane, imisebenzi yaba mbala ngokwengeziwe futhi yathinta izinkinga zenhlalo nezokuziphatha ezaziqashelwe ngemuva kokuphela kwempi. Kubo, watshela abanye abanolwazi futhi kuyo yonke imibala echaze amaqiniso eminyaka yokuqala yempi eJalimane. Kusukela ngo-1967, waqala ukuvakashela uTbilisi, uLeningrad naseMoscow, lapho aqoqa khona izinto zokwakha ifilimu elijabulisayo nge-dostoevsky naseSt. Petersburg.

Ngo-1971, iBöll yabhala inoveli "Portrait yeqembu ngenenekazi", lapho wazama khona ukudlulisa umlando omkhulu wekhulu lamaJalimane XX Century. Kamuva, le ncwadi ithonye umklomelo kaHenry NOBEL, waba ngumlobi wesithathu waseJalimane owathola umklomelo ofanayo ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe II. Emisebenzini eminye, umbhali wayevame ukumelana nohlelo lwezepolitiki lwezwe, ikakhulukazi, wabhala ngengozi yokugadwa kombuso kwezakhamizi ezijwayelekile.

Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Ngesidingo esikhulu kunazo zonke, ubuqambi beBelyl busetshenziswa ngabafundi baseSoviet, iningi lazo kwakuyisizukulwane esincane sempi. Esikhathini kuphela somsebenzi wokubhala osebenzayo kaHeinrich, ngaphezu kwama-80 imisebenzi yahunyushelwa olimini lwesiRussia. Wake wavakashela iSoviet Union, futhi ngenxa yezitatimende, le ndoda yabiza umsolwa wombuso waseSoviet. Kamuva, incwadi yomlobi yayivinjelwe e-USSR, ngemuva kokususa konke ukushicilelwa okufuywayo.

Ngemuva kokuxoshwa kuka-Alexander Solzhenitsy kusuka e-USSR nokuncishwa yisakhamuzi ngesinqumo uYuri Andropov, wathunyelwa eJalimane. Lapho, wathola ukwesekwa ngabantu abehlukene, okubandakanya kusukela eBöll, owamukela umlobi ekhaya lakhe, kwathi ngaphambi kokuba kusizakale ukuthumela imibhalo yesandla kwakhe entshonalanga, lapho kwakushicilelwa khona ngemuva kwalokho.

Ukushona

Ngo-1985, uHeinrich washona, wayeneminyaka engama-67. Kwenzeka ngaphansi kweBonn, umlobi wahlala eNdodaneni yakhe. Imbangela yokufa ayidalulwa. Izibalo ezivelele zezepolitiki kanye nozakwabo ababhali bafika emngcwabeni weBöll.

I-Bibliography

• Ngo-1949 - "Isitimela sifika ngesikhathi"
• Ngo-1950 - "Izihambi, zizofika lapho zise-spa ..."
• 1951 - "Ubukade ukuphi, u-Adamu?"
• 1952 - "Hhayi ngoKhisimusi kuphela"
• Ngo-1955 - "Isinkwa Seminyaka Yekuqala"
• 1958 - "Ukuthula kukaDkt Muke"
• Ngo-1962 - "Lapho impi yaphela"
• Ngo-1963 - Amehlo kaClouny "
• 1971 - "Iqembu Portrait ngenenekazi"
• Ngo-1974 - "Ukudunswa kukaNatharina Blum, noma ubudlova buvela kanjani nokuthi yini engaholela"
• 1979 - "Ukuvinjezelwa Okucatshangelwe"
• 1981 - "Image, Bonn, Bonne"