I-Biograge
Umcabangi wasendulo wamaGrikhi uKsenofan Kolofonsky wabhekwa njengokwandulela kwabamele esikoleni sase-Elais, okwakubheka izingqinamba zobumbano naphakade futhi wahlanganyela ekuhlaziyeni ulwazi nokuba yiphakade futhi. Ngokusho kwezingcaphuno ezilondoloziwe, ifilosofi ayizange yabelane ngesimo sengqondo esamukelekayo ngenkolo futhi yaba ngumngane wezemvelo nabagxeki, okuthi, ezinhlamvwini zazo.Ukhanda
Ukusuka enkotsheni mayelana ne-biography yokuqala ye-xenophan, kube nombono wokuthi wazalwa cishe ngo-570 BC. Ns. Futhi wayesehla ngenzalo noma amathophu e-kolofonsky, ayehlala ekuhlanganiseni izinqubomgomo endaweni yakwa-Izmir yanamuhla.
Ngokwemininingwane enikezwe 'amanothi' e-Greek Rifina yasendulo, ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa kwePheresiya, le nsizwa yaba yisisulu somhwebi ngezigqila futhi yathengwa yizazi zefilosofi zasePythagorean, igama lakhe lalingu-Ostad noParmisc.
Ngemuva kwenkululeko, ethatha ubuso bembongi ezulazulayo nomenzi weHomerovsky Epic, i-Xenofan yafika eningizimu ye-Italy kanti isikhathi esithile sanikeza ukubukwa ezigcawini ze-Elei, Katana naseSyrakuse. Ngasikhathi sinye, kungenzeka ukuthi wangena kubafundi be-Archela noma iBoton Atheneian kanye nomoya wokuhlaziya wefilosofi, owasungulwa ngokubhaliwe okubhaliwe kwalolo mculo.
I-Fireyry Isebenza "Isisekelo seColopon" ne "Element e-Elea Itali", ngokweminye imibiko, ngokusho kwemibiko ethile, ama-Admirers, futhi kusuka kubo adalwe ngokwenza amandla acishe abe ngu-20.
Emigqeni yezinkondlo ye-Xenofan, imicabango yakhe yayimboze ngeveli, eyamukelwa ngamadodana okuqala ashonile kanye nezazi zefilosofi ezisencane futhi yakha isisekelo se-Elais School yesikhathi sokuqala, kanye nemikhombandlela yokukhohlisa nokungabaza.
Ngakho-ke, ukusinda kuze kube ukuguga futhi cishe ngo-475 kuye ku-n. Ns. Ngokuthatha ukufa ngesizathu esingangezwa futhi esingaziwa, i-Xenofan ithonya izifo zokomfutho kanye nobuniso.
Ifilosofi
I-Xenofan, eyamenzela amakhulu eminyaka engazange ifeze uhlelo lwayo lwefilosofi, yathathwa njengomunye wabameleli bokuqala beFouriff, egxeka umqondo wenkolo noNkulunkulu. Ngefomu le-Satirical, wabhekana nemibono yendabuko mayelana nokuphambana, ecabanga ngezithombe zama-Olimpiki anomqondo womuntu.Ngokubona kwakhe, onkulunkulu bakhe abadalwe ngobuciko babengenalo ilungelo lokuguqula libe yindaba yokukhulekelwa, ngoba banengqondo bantu abathanda ubuntu futhi bengafani ngokuhambisana nokufikelwa kokuziphatha nangokokuziphatha.
Ukuphela kwesizathu sokubonakala kwezindinganiso zasezulwini Izefilosofi zibheka ukungazi, okwaba ngumqondo ophambili womqondo wakudala nokubonga izincwadi zezimbongi ze-Gesoiod neHomer kwamukisa umbono ongalungile we onkulunkulu. Wayekholelwa ukuthi into yokuqala, eyazala umnyango omningi, yayingumnyango othile ongabonakali, owayekhona emhlabeni ekuqaleni futhi wayesekelwe emcabangweni wokuba.
Yile nto engabonakali yebhola efana ne-abstract enjengezinto eziphindwe kangako ezihanjelwe yonke indawo, zinganikeza ulwazi ngokuphelele futhi zithole incazelo ezintweni eziningi. Ukungafani okunjalo phakathi kokuqonda okubonakalayo nokuhlanjululwa kwaphawula ukuqala kwalokhu okusatshalaliswe umlando wolwazi, obekusho ukuthi uma kungekho othola iqiniso, bekungeke kwenzeke ukusungula leli qiniso.
Ifilosofi enjalo yaphumela ekubonisaneni ngokuqhubekayo nokuhlukahluka kwento futhi yabeka ukuqala kwendlela yezilimi, ngakho konke okuthweleyo kungukuqonda, ukuzizwa, ukucabanga nokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo.
Ukubuka umhlaba ezungeze umqondo onjalo, i-XENEONOFAN yenza umnikelo omkhulu kwisayensi yasendulo yamaGrikhi, echaza izehlakalo eziningi zemvelo emibhalweni, ezalwe kuphela emhlabeni nasemanzini. Ngakho-ke, enkondlweni yefilosofi "emvelweni", egcinwe ngokwengxenye ekuhunyushweni kuka-A. S. S. Pushkin, usosayensi wabheka ulwandle lwangempela, okuwukuthi, ukwahlulela okwenziwa yizinkomba, futhi wakha imihlaba eminingi.
Kuyiqiniso, abantu ababephila bengakwamukeli le minye imibono yefilosofi, eyasungulwa ezimfundisweni zika-Elean nabagxeki ziphakamisa umnikelo wazo. Ngenxa yabo kanye nemigqa esele eseleyo misebenzi ye-xenophane, inzalo yathola imibono mayelana nokubukwa, futhi umfundi odumile kaPlato Aristotle wanikela inkomba yonke ephelele kwisazi sefilosofi.
Amacaphuna
- "Konke lokho abantu abakudeleli futhi kuyihlazo, kube namahloni, kuthiwa yi-Homer Homer noHesiod: ukweba, ukuphinga kanye nokukhohlisa."
- "Konke (kwavela) emhlabeni nakho konke kuzophendukela emhlabathini ekugcineni."
- "Kepha uma izinkunzi, amahhashi namabhubesi zazinezandla futhi zingakha futhi zidale imisebenzi (ubuciko) njengabantu njengamahhashi, izinkunzi - njengezidumbu zanika (im) izidumbu zalolu hlobo, yini isithombe somuntu uqobo (wonke umuntu ngendlela yabo). "
I-Bibliography
- "Mayelana nemvelo"
- "Isisekelo seColopon"
- "Ukuhlaziywa e-Elea Italy"