I-Biograge
Iholide likaBilly lalingenalo izwi eliqinile nebanga elikhulu lezwi, njengabezihlabeleli ze-jaz. Kepha izwi lokushaja lomculi waseMelika eligcwele idrama, isisa kanye nenkulumo, iyaqhubeka nokujabulisa izinhliziyo zezilaleli namuhla. Ubude Bezibuthe Wezenzo, ikhono lokuthuthuka lenza inkanyezi yayo yomculo we-jazz womhlaba.Ubuntwana nentsha
Umculi wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 7, 1915 eBaltimore. Abazali bentombazane baba yiholide elincane le-clarence, ngaleso sikhathi elineminyaka engu-16 ubudala, noSeydi Faigan - uMama osemusha wayeneminyaka engu-18 ubudala. Lapho ezalwa, ingane yathola igama lika-Eleanor kanye nesibongo ngokushesha kusuka emndenini. Iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila kwentombazane yayinzima. Ngiseyingane, umlingisi wayengazi uthando lwabesifazane - umama washiya indodakazi ukuba ikhulise ugogo omkhulu futhi yasuka eNew York ngifuna impilo engcono.
Intombazane yachitha isikhathi esiningi emgwaqweni, yajezisa izihlobo. Lapho eneminyaka engu-12 (eminye imithombo - 14), u-Eleanor wathuthela eNew York, lapho asebenza khona kuma-nightclub nakuma-brothel. Ngolunye usuku, kwelinye lazo, le ntombazane yezwa umculo obukekayo we-jazz - kwakuwuthando ekuqaleni kokubona. UFegan wavuma nomnikazi wesikhungo, ezosuswa mahhala ukuze athole ukulalela kwamapuleti.
Ngasikhathi sinye, owesifazane omnyama waseMelika uvula umhlaba wama-movie. I-Cinematographher yanikeza umculi wobuciko be-pseudonyly, waqamba umlingisi uBilly Daving, amafilimu athandwa yi-Eleanor. Ebusheni bakhe, le ntombazane yavame ukuba yimuva, eyazala okuhlangenwe nakho okumangazayo emphefumulweni we-Jazz Pleales yesikhathi esizayo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umyeni wokuqala kaQueza Jazz waba nguJimmy Monroe, u-Alphonse, owahamba umlingani wakhe waya e-Offum. Ngokushesha umculi wayenenoveli nemenenja uJoe Gaair - yena "watshala" othandekayo ku-heroin. Lokhu bekuyisiqalo sokuphela komsebenzi omuhle weholide. ULuis McCay waba inkanuko yokugcina kaBilly, eyayivame ukushaya umkakhe futhi yathola imali kuye.Umculo
Umsebenzi womculi waqala ekuqaleni kwawo-1930, lapho eqala ukwenza kuma-nightclub eHarlem, ngokwakhe wayenotshwala ngokungemthetho ngesikhathi somthetho owomile. Kavele-ke, umdlali osemusha ongenayo imfundo yomculo wahlaba umxhwele umphakathi ngezwi elihlukile. Ngokushesha umkhiqizi uJohn Hammond wadonsela ukunaka kwentombazane enethalente. Lo mhlangano usushintshe kakhulu e-Biography ye-Creative yomculi.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoIHammond ihlelele ukuqoshwa komculi we-Hammond noJazzman Benny Gudman ngo-1933. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, uBilly wasebenzisana neBig Bead County Beisi, noma kunjalo, ngenxa yemvelo ye-plump, ukungabikho kwesiyalo sentombazane yaseBassi kungekudala kwamisa ubudlelwane bokudala naye. Ngesikhathi sika-1940-1950, umdlali wenza ama-nightclub, ahlunga e-cinema, adale izingoma zawo, akhiqize ama-albhamu.
Ngalesi sikhathi, intombazane isivele yaziwa emhlabeni we-American Jazz kanye ne-Creative "ophikisayo" u-Ella Fitzgerald. Izingoma ze-Lover Man, zingachazi, zidumile ezinhlangothini zombili zolwandle ziba hits. Ngo-1935, ifilimu elithi "Symphony elimnyama", lapho umlingani weholide eba khona uDuk Ellington uqobo, futhi isithombe sodokotela vocalists sivela ezincwadini eziphrintiwe.
Kuyo yonke impilo, abadlali bahlupha izinkinga zokubandlululwa ngokobuhlanga. Kwamanye amakilabhu, ukubukeka kwayo okuxakile kwakungenele "kumnyama", uBilly waze wacela ubuso 'bokufiphala', kwabanye akwanele. Ithole impendulo emsebenzini womculi. Ngo-1939, umculi waqopha ukwakheka kwezithelo ezingajwayelekile embhalweni nomculo wesibalo somphakathi we-Abel Miropolis, enikezelwe esihlokweni soLinch onombala omnyama.
Iholide lashintsha ukwethulwa kwabakhiqizi ngobuntu bomculi we-jazz. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, bekukholelwa ukuthi abaculi abanombala omnyama abanawo umuntu ngamunye, bahlehliswe kalula. UBilly waziveza njengomuntu onobuhlakani, okhanyayo, ohlukile, ovela esiteji waba ngumcimbi. Umlingisi wanikezwa ngokuphelele umculo, wabeka wonke umphefumulo ekuhlabeleleni.
Imbali yosaziwayo oyintandokazi yayiyingadiva. Ngesinye isikhathi, ngempumelelo ukuqinisa i-curl yokubamba, umculi wanquma ukuvala izinwele ngembali. Kusukela lapho, umculi enze njalo ngesengezo sezimbali. Abalandeli banikeze iziteshi zesifazane zaseLadname dive, ezahamba nomculi impilo yakhe yonke.
Ukushona
Ubuntwana obunzima, ukuzilibazisa izidakamizwa notshwala buhlaziya impilo yomdlali. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30, uVula wayenezinkinga zempilo ezingapheli. Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila, umdwebi wawungasakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwe-heroin. ILady Laddia yafa ngo-1959, lapho eneminyaka engama-44. Imbangela yokufa yayingeqiswa izidakamizwa.Ukwakhelekile
- 1952 - UBillie Holiday uyacula
- 1953 - Kusihlwa ngeholide le-billie
- Ngo-1954 - Iholide leBillie
- 1955 - Umculo wokucheba
- 1956 - Reichital
- 1956 - Yedwa
- Ngo-1956 - Velvet Mood
- 1956 - ILady Sihlabelela Ama-Blues
- 1957 - umzimba nomphefumulo
- 1957 - Izingoma Zokuhlukanisa Abathandi
- 1958 - Hlala Nami