Ukuzijabulisa okuyinhloko kwabathandi abaningi akukhona nje ukugxuma ngeparachute, kodwa futhi nokunqoba iziqongo zezintaba. Bakhokha izinkulungwane zamaRandi ukuba babeke engcupheni impilo. Amakhulu abantu azama ukungena entabeni ephakeme kakhulu emhlabeni njalo ngonyaka. Le vertex i-Everest.
UJomolungma - intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni
I-Mount Everest Height kusuka kusisekelo kuya ezingeni lolwandle - Amamitha angama-8848 . UseHimalayas, inani lakhe eliseningizimu liseduze komngcele ne-PRC. Intaba yaqanjwa ngokuthi "uJomolungma" ukuhlonipha amandla kankulunkulukazi mathupha maternal. IZwi lihunyushwa ngokuthi "ngunina we-Life of Life Energy." Igama lakhe lesibili yi-Everest, eyaziwa ngayo emhlabeni wonke. Wamukele ukuhlonipha uGeorge Everest, owabusa inkonzo ye-Geodesic.
I-Jomolungma Mountain ukwakheka kumephu ifana nephiramidi eyisisekelo. Ngenxa yokusonteka kwengxenye eseningizimu akukho qhwa futhi lolu hlangothi lunqunu. Ukuphakama kwe-vertex kunqunywe ngo-1852, lapho i-topograph ye-Bengal Radhanat Sikdat ikhiqize izibalo ze-trigonometric. Izinkomba azinikezi ukuthula ngososayensi nango-2019. Izilinganiso ziyaqhubeka, ukuphuma kwama-American kanye ne-Italian okuxhunyiwe.
ENtabeni kubanda ebusika, nasehlobo. NgoJulayi, amazinga okushisa amnandi afinyelela -19, kwathi ngoJanuwari - -36. Ngoba ama-vertice abonakala ngesiphepho esingazelelwe esinama-wind gost angama-160 km / h.
Ngubani owanqoba iNtaba Everest
Ngo-1953, ukunqotshwa kokuqala kwama-vertices kwenzeka. Wenziwe nge-Nepalese Clindber Tencing Noryi naseZelisats New Edmund Hillary. Kuze kube manje kwakuyimizamo engama-50 eyahlulekile. Ababambiqhaza abaphumayo bakwazile ukunqoba ama-vertices angama-7000 m, kepha bekungeke kukhuphuke. Ngo-1950, abagibeli baseFrance bavuka eHarra annapuranga (8091 m).UNorja noHillary baye endleleni, eyazinikezela kuyo. Abagibeli basebenzise amadivaysi e-oksijini. Owokuqala owanquma ukusebenzisa umoya-mpilo lapho ekhuphuka, waqala uhambo lwesiNgisi. Ngemuva kuka-1953, yakwazi ukunqoba intaba kubagibeli abaningi abavela emazweni ahlukahlukene: I-PRC, i-USSR, India, i-USA, njll. Owesilisa obambe iqhaza emkhankasweni oyingozi, kodwa ngo-1975 owesifazane waseJapan wavuka entabeni .
Akuwona wonke umuntu odingekayo kumasilinda we-Expedition Oplygen. USherp Ang Rita ngo-1999 wabeka irekhodi: Uvuke amahlandla ayishumi naphakade ngaphandle komoya-mpilo. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-20, umuntu osemhlabeni wonke aphule umgibeli eNepal Rita Sherpa, onqobisa amahlandla angama-24 aphezulu.
Akuwona wonke umuntu ongenisiwe
Kuze kube ngawo-1970s, ukufinyelela kwe-Everest bekulinganiselwe, kepha ngemuva kokususwa, inani labafile. Konke kwaqala ngabantu aba-5 abangazange basinde ngemuva kokuhlangana kwe-avalanche. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4, 6 isiFulentshi ebamba iqhaza kuloluhambo lwabulawa. Abantu abanqoba phezulu, bashukumisela iMercantility. Babefuna ukurekhoda igama labo ohlwini lwe-jomolungum ecindezelekile. Ukhuliswe izindlela ezingajwayelekile zokuhlukanisa: ebusuku, ebusika, ngesikhathi sesikhathi somuntu, ngaphandle komoya-mpilo noma wedwa. Ngakho-ke, inani lokufa lakhula minyaka yonke.
Ngo-1985, ukuthengiswa kosuku lokukhuphuka kwayo kuze kube phakade lapho ama-American Clilber Burber Burhers athatha uhambo olungaphezulu ngokuhleleka kosomabhizinisi oneminyaka engama-55. UDick Bass wayekhathazeke ngombono wokunqoba izintaba eziphakeme kakhulu ezitholakala emazwenikazi ayi-7. Ukukhuphuka kwaphumelela, usomabhizinisi wakhipha incwadi emayelana nokufika kwakhe, okwaba ngumthengisi.
"Isibonelo esibi siyatheleleka," Ngakho-ke, emgqeni walabo abafisa ukuthandwa babelulwe. Izinkampani zaqala ukuvela, zinikeza izinsizakalo zokulungisa entabeni. Ngo-1996, kwavela inhlekelele yezimpilo zabantu eziyi-8. Izimbangela zokufa kwabantu abaningi ezibizwa ngokuthi isimo sezulu esibi nokuncintisana phakathi kwamaqembu okukhuphuka. Ngo-2019, abantu abangama-20 bafela intwasahlobo, kepha akuyeki amabanga engcupheni ukuba angabuyi ekuheni.
Izindlela zokushaya phezulu okuphezulu kakhulu komhlaba
Ngaphandle kwemvume, enikeza iziphathimandla zeNepal neTibet, hhayi ukuthi afike esiqongweni sikaJomolungma. Thola idokhumenti eNepal ibiza kakhulu - amadola ayizinkulungwane eziyi-11. ETibet, kubiza izinkulungwane eziyi-8. Indlela yaseNepalese esetshenziselwa ukukhuphuka, ithandwa kakhudlwana. Kepha i-PRC izama ukuqhubeka futhi yadala ikamu likhululekile kakhulu kunabancintisana nabo. Amatende emi emhlabeni ahlome ngemishini edingekayo.Ngo-2019, kukhishwe izimvume ezingaba ngu-600. Mayelana no-2018, le yirekhodi. Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lokunqoba i-Everest, kwakhiwa ama-traffic jams. Ngonyaka, izinkathi ezi-2 kuphela zokukhuphuka: Meyi no Septhemba. Lesi sici senza abantu baphuthume bahambe ngasikhathi sinye. Ebusika, kuyingozi ukukhuphuka: ngaphezu kwamazinga okushisa aphansi, usongo luba ngumoya.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
Ukhuphukela phezulu kubiza amadola ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu. Le mali ifaka imvume, izinsizakalo zokudluliselwa kwezimpahla kanye nesiphephelo sesikhashana.
Inani eliphakathi lezinsuku, elizosebenzisa abakhweli ukuba bakhuphuke, - 40. Ngalesi sikhathi, lowo muntu ulahlekelwa isisindo se-15 kg ngenxa yokushiswa kokushiswa kwamafutha namafutha.
Intaba kaJomolungma iphenduka ekugcwalisweni komhlaba. Izivakashi zishiya udoti, amasilinda e-oksigen kanye nezidumbu zihlakazekile yonke indawo. Ukukhipha umuntu oshonile, chitha izinkulungwane eziyikhulu zamadola. Abafileyo abangu-120 basala entabeni, bangahanjiswa. Ezidumbu, abakhweli bathambekele endleleni.
Ukukhuphuka ngakunye kuhlasela ukulimala okungenakufinyeleleka emvelweni. Abagibeli bashisa izihlahla zifudumale. Shiya i-excreta.
E-Everest, kukhona izicabucabu ze-jumping, ngoba kuphela zingaba khona ku-6700 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Okomuntu, akayona ingozi.
Ngo-2014, intombazane eneminyaka engu-13 ubudala yasePurna Malawat yakhuphuka kuJomolungma. Ubeke umlando ngeBill Berk eneminyaka engama-72.
Phezulu kwentaba ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni "bamba" i-twitter. Ngo-2011, iKenton Kul Climbir ishicilelwe ama-tweets futhi ukudumisa ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona njalo.
Eminyakeni engu-400 minyaka eyizigidi ezedlule i-Everest yangekuphansi kolwandle. Isathola amamashi aphezulu.
Ukuze asindise intaba ekungcoleni, amandla eNepal abeka umthetho wokuthi umuntu ngamunye onqobile unqobile uletha naye i-8 kg kadoti noma akhokha amadola ayizinkulungwane ezi-4.
IMount Everest yakha eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-60 edlule.