Ngokuphikisana nezimpikiswano zokupheka, eminyakeni engama-200 edlule, ama-navigatorotors aseRussia akhiphe ama-specs emhlabeni ongaziwa oseningizimu. Kuze kube manje, eMelika, bazama ukucisha umqhudelwano waseRussia, kodwa ama-lavels ama-lavetor wezwekazi elibandayo kunabo bonke abakhileyo kuleli zwe. Cishe ukuthi umlando wokuvulwa kwe-Antarctica wasuswa kanjani, ezintweni zokuhlela ezingama-24cm.
Ekuqaleni kwakungu ...
Ngo-1502, u-Amerigo Vespucci kuphela ukuqagela ubukhona bendawo engaqondakali. UJames Cook ngonyaka we-1775 wafinyelela emanzini ase-Antarctic futhi waphenduka, wethukile, futhi umphakathi wathi ngeke kube nzima ukubhukuda, mhlawumbe izwekazi alikho.
Kodwa-ke, ukuba khona kukaPadunov, noma ama-icebergs, kufakazelwa ogwini. Ukuqagela ngokuba khona komhlaba eningizimu yeLatitudes ephakeme kuqinisekisile uMikhail Lomonosov.
Bheka eningizimu
Umqondo wohambo lwaseRussia wasekelwa yi-Emperor Alexander I. isikhundla senkosi saqokwa ngo-BellingShausen. UMikhail Lazarev wamenywa ukuba aphathe umkhumbi wesibili.
Kumaphrojekthi onjiniyela baseRussia, kwaguqulwa ama-gaters amabili. Amakhosi aqinisa icala uma kwenzeka kufanele uhlangane neqhwa.
Ama-navigatorotors ayengeke aphinde aphindaphinde umlando wokupheka futhi abe "isidlo sakusihlwa sakwa-Aboriginal", ngakho-ke ngokuhleleka kuka-Alexander I esikebheni kwakuzoshintshaniswa ngohlobo lwemali.
Ake sishaye umgwaqo
NgoJulayi 16, 1819, eMpumalanga Esempumalanga kanye naseMorny Sluts, ama-navigaters ngaphansi kobuholi bakaFaddey Bellinshausen bahambe ngomgwaqo. I-mission yahlushwa umehluko ezimweni zezikebhe. "UMimpny" waguqulwa emanzini anamakhaza, kodwa wayehamba kancane, futhi "i-East" yabhekana nobunzima emanzini eqhwa. Abasebenzi kwakudingeka benze imizamo yokumelana nokubonana. Endleleni yengxenye yezikebhe, zazingemnandi.UBellinshausen ukhansele ukujeziswa kwenhlangano kuma-gaters ukuhlanganisa iqembu. Ngesikhathi sohambo, uhambo lulahlekelwe ngabantu abathathu kuphela: amatilosi amabili awela phezu kwe-mast, kwathi omunye wabulawa ngokugula.
Embundwini wokutholwa
Kwakungekho ukuxhumana nabahambi. Umkhuzi wanikeza igunya lokukhetha indlela futhi wabeka imisebenzi yabasebenzi. UBellinshausen wahamba ayohlangana nezihlalo, eqondisa phakathi kweqhwa nama-icebergs. ELian Ocean, iqembu lashiywe ngaphandle koseyili futhi lasinda esivunguvungwini, lapho abhekane khona nelapho ebhekene nedwala elikhulu.
Ekugcineni, ngoJanuwari 28, 1820, ama-navigaters abona amafu akhuphuka, kwathi kuphela lapho kwacaca ukuthi la beyiqhwa. I-Flat Ice Islands, ephukile evela ezweni elikhulu, iveze ukuthi uhambo lufinyelele kwelitshe. I-Antarctica yahlangana nokuphakama okumangazayo kweqhwa.
Imikhumbi yahambahamba ama-hormone eqhwa, ivula iziqhingi ezintsha. Omunye womagwini obizwa ngokuthi yizwe lase-Alexander I. The Expedition yathatha izinsuku ezingama-751.
Yini esiyiphikisana ngayo, manenekazi?
Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu le-XX, emqhudelwaneni we-Navigators yaseRussia akazange akungabaze. Konke sekushintshile lapho kutholwe imali yamafosiselo e-Antarctica. Le ndaba ivele ngokuvulwa koMzingeli Wezwekazi emakati olwandle amaNathaniel Palmer's, owabona ingxenye yomhlaba wegrama ngoNovemba 1820.
Kodwa-ke, isimangalo asitholakali. Imisebenzi yohambo lwaseRussia yayihlanganisa ukutholakala komhlaba, okuqinisekiswe yimidwebo yomculi uPavel Mikhailov, kanye nezinhlobo zomzingeli waseMelika zisuselwa emizweni yomuntu siqu.
Amagama amaqhawe abhalwe eqhweni
Namuhla, izwe elikhulu liye kwathiwa insimu engathathi hlangothi lapho ucwaningo lwesayensi luvunyelwe khona. I-2020 eRussia yamemezela unyaka we-Antarctica. Isikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-200 sokuvulwa kwezwekazi sizobanjwa imicimbi yemikhosi.
Cishe ukuthi bekunjani, kungabonakala kwifilimu ye-1972 izithombe. Imemori ye-Feat of Navigators yaseRussia izohlala ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.