Ama-virus angajwayelekile emashumini eminyaka amuva: Izimpawu, ukwelashwa, ukuxilongwa, ukufa

Ukwesaba okubangelwa izehlakalo edolobheni lase-Chinese of Wuhan, kuphoqa izakhamizi zaseRussia ukuze zesabe ukuhamba, ukuvula amaphasela we-Aliexpress, kukhona amabhanana futhi athenge ama-Smartphones. Kuze kube manje, izihloko ezishaqisayo zivela kuthelevishini ukukhala, ama-computer ama-Smartphone anemininingwane yokwanda kwe-coronavirus eChina, i-24cmi izolandisa ngama-virus angajwayelekile emashumini eminyaka asanda kwamuva.

Igciwane le-Nipach (1999)

Ama-villar ama-7 ama-rubles asanda kwedlula amashumi eminyaka

Igciwane leNipaki laqala ukubhaliswa ngo-1999 eMalaysia - khona-ke bekunokufa kwabantu abangu-105 kwabantu abanegciwane abangama-265, okungu-40%. Ukuqubuka okwalandela kwathatha izimpilo ezimbalwa futhi kwenzeka e-India, eSingapore, eBangladesh. I-Niphacle Virus Nipchs - izinja eziguqukayo ze-ges pteropus. Umuntu angatheleleka ngokuxhumana nezilwane ezifuywayo ezithelelekile (ngokwesibonelo, izingulube ezinokuphazanyiswa okuphezulu). Izimpawu, ngaphezu kwezimpawu eziphambili zomkhuhlane, kufaka phakathi izikhalazo mayelana nesiyezi, ukuqashelwa okuguquliwe, ukuqunjelwa (izici ezibonisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ebesphalitis)).

Ukuxilonga lesi sifo kungenzeka kusetshenziswa indlela ye-PCR, i-Immunofluoriscent kanye ne-Imunosorbent ukuhlaziya. Kodwa-ke, isayensi ayikakathuthukisi izindlela zokwelashwa kokugula, ekusetshenzisweni kwezokwelapha ezisekelwayo.

I-bird Flu (A / H5N1, H7N9, 2003-2009)

Umkhuhlane wezinyoni - izifo ezithathelwanayo zezinyoni ezibangelwa ukusakazeka kwezifo ze-virus yegobolondo A. Ukutheleleka komuntu kwenzeka lapho zinezinyoni ezifuywayo, zidla amaqanda nokudla okwanele kokushisa. Ngubani obika ngamacala angama-464 wokutheleleka kanye nokufa kwabantu abangama-262, ikakhulukazi e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Afrika.

Izimpawu zokutheleleka kwenyoni zibandakanya ukuvezwa kwama-arvi: ukwanda kokushisa komzimba, ama-malaise, amakhaza, ubuhlungu besisu, ukukhwehlela kanye nekhala elicijile. Ingculazi eyingozi kakhulu eboniswe yi-Atypical Pneumonia, ukulimala kwezinso nesibindi.

Ukuxilonga Isifo kungenzeka ngezifundo zemvelo kanye nendlela ye-PCR.

Ukwelashwa nokuvimbela umkhuhlane wezinyoni:

Isibonakaliso: Izidakamizwa ezi-antipyretic, isiphuzo esiningi, esinyathelisa futhi sikhipha izakhiwo;

ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-antivirus;

Emacaleni amakhulu kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwama-glucocorticoids, ama-proteinese inhibitors;

Ukuqedwa kwezinkukhu ezithelelekile, ukuhambisana nemithetho yokuhlanzeka, imikhawulo yokuxhumana ne-bird FECES, ukucubungula amaqanda nenyama.

Umkhuhlane weCalifornia (ingulube) (A / H1N1, 2009)

I-Swine Flu yisifo esiphefumulayo segciwane esaqala sambulwa ngo-1930 ezingulubeni. Lapho-ke ubunzima obukhonjwayo babungenawo amandla okudluliselwa esilwaneni siye kumuntu, kodwa ngenxa yezinguquko, babangelwa ukutheleleka, besebenzisa inyama enganele yokushisa. Ngo-2009, leli gciwane kungenzeka ukuthi selidluliselwe e-Air-Drip livela kumuntu kumuntu futhi lithole umlingiswa wobhubhane: cishe amacala ayizinkulungwane ezingama-220 okuthelelekile. ERussia, inani elisemthethweni labantu abafile - 19 abantu.

Izimpawu zokugula zihambelana ne-arvi: ukukhuphuka kokushisa komzimba, i-malaise ephelele, eyomile "ekhonkotha" ukukhwehlela kanye nekhala eligijimayo.

Ukuxilongwa komkhuhlane weCalifornia kufaka phakathi ukuqoqa impahla ye-pathological kusuka kumalungu e-mucous kanye nokutadisha kwendlela ye-PCRY (I-Polymerase Chain Reaction).

Ukwelashwa kanye ne-prophylaxis yomkhuhlane wezingulube kuyafana naku-arvi ojwayelekile:

Isibonakaliso: Izidakamizwa ezi-antipyretic, isiphuzo esiningi, esinyathelisa futhi sikhipha izakhiwo;

ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-antivirus;

Ukugoma.

I-Ebola (i-zaire ebobulavirus, 2014-2015)

I-Ebola Philovus inezinhlobo ezi-5, ukusatshalaliswa kuhlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwezinaliti ngaphandle kokubulala inzalo kanye nokudla inyama yamalulwane. NgoFebhuwari 2014 abakhileyo eGuinea, ukuqubuka kwe-Ebola kwaphawulwa. Amacala okutheleleka eNigeria, eSierra Leone, kubikwa nakwamanye amazwe. Ku-28,640 agula abalelwa ku-11,315 eshonile.

Izimpawu zokugula zifaka umkhuhlane wesimo (umkhuhlane we-Ebola), ubuthakathaka bemisipha, izinhlungu zomphimbo. Ngemuva kokugula kuqala ukugabha, ukopha, imisebenzi yezinso elingahambi kahle kanye nesibindi.

Ukuxilongwa kwegciwane le-Ebola kwenziwa ngokuthambisa igazi noma i-smear kusuka emgodini womlomo kanye nocwaningo ngendlela yokukhulisa ama-nucleic acid.

Ukwelashwa okuqinisekisiwe kwegciwane akuba khona, kufakwa ukwelashwa kwesondlo, okuhloswe ngalo ekuvikeleni ukomisa komzimba.

I-Zika Virus (NS1, 2016)

Umiyane we-genus aedes (ephuzi-solid) - abathwali be-flavivirus baka. Ngokokuqala ngqa, lesi sifo satholakala eMacak Rhovkov ngo-1947 eHho lamahlathi uZika (Uganda).

Ukutheleleka kwe-flaviavirus kuhambisana nokwanda kokushisa komzimba, ama-migraines, izinhlungu kumajoyinti nemisipha, i-conjunctivitis, izikhala zesimo esikhunjeni. Kwezinye izimo, umkhuhlane, ukugabha, isifo sohudo senzeka. Ngo-2016, ukugqashuka kokutheleleka ngegciwane le-zika kubhaliswe eBrazil futhi kwasatshalaliswa emazweni angama-33. Ukufa kokufa akukhulunywa. ERussia, abezindaba babhala cishe izivakashi ezi-5 ezitheleleke eholidini eDominican Republic, ezazitholakele ngokuphephile.

Ukwelashwa nokuvimbela i-Zika Virus:

Ukuvikela ukulunywa umiyane (izingubo, ukuvala izandla nemilenze, izipesheli);

Isibonakaliso: Izidakamizwa ezi-antipyretic, isiphuzo esiningi, ukufudumala nokukhipha igumbi.

Lona omiyane ka-AEdes ungumfowabo othwala igciwane ledenga, okwenza umkhuhlane, kepha abhekisele 'ezifweni ezishisayo ezishisayo.'

I-Lasse Fever (2018)

Umkhuhlane weLasse ubangela igciwane eliyingozi kakhulu le-Lassa Mammarenavirus, abathwali baka-Green monkey namagundane amaningi. Umuntu utheleleke ngokuxhumana nezilwane, umchamo noma izinduna zazo, ispredishithi liphakathi nendawo eNtshonalanga Afrika. Izilonda ezingokomfanekiso e-Oral Cavity, i-Papulese Rash, ukugabha, isifo sohudo, ama-cramp angezwa ezimpawu zomkhuhlane. Ezimweni ezinzima, ukufa kuza.

NgoJanuwari-Februarcy 2018, isibalo serekhodi leLash Fever sabhalwa eNigeria: Ukufa kwabantu abangu-144 babalwa ngo-524.

Ungahlonza i-lasse virus hhayi kuphela ngosizo lwezifundo ze-serological nezenhlalobukolo, kodwa futhi ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile (okujwayelekile ne-biochemical) nomchamo.

Ukwelashwa nokuvimbela:

Umuntu onegciwane ufakwa esikhungweni sezokwelapha futhi uhlukanise;

ukwelashwa oku-antiviral;

ukwelashwa kokufiphaza;

Ngezinkinga, kumiswa ama-antibiotic;

Akukho ukuvimbela umkhuhlane weLasse, kuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa ekungenisweni kwamagundane egumbini kanye nemishini ephelele yokuxhumana nabantu abasebenza ngezempilo.

ICoronavirus (NCOV, 2019-2020)

Ukuqala konyaka omusha eChina kwaphawulwa ukuqubuka kwe-atypical pneumonia edolobheni laseWuhan. Kamuva, bathola ukuthi le nkinga ibangela i-coronavirus 2019-NCOV. Ukugwema ukusakazeka kwesifo sokugula, uWuhan wavalwa ukungena nokusuka, ukuthutha okumisiwe. Umbiko wabezindaba ukuthi iCoronavirus isakazeka emazweni angama-22 (eRussia kulolu hlu) futhi yashisa abantu abangaphezu kuka-2 000.

Kucatshangwa ukuthi amagundane aguqukayo nezinyoka zaba ngabathwali begciwane. Ukuxilonga kwenziwa nge-PCR.

Ukwelashwa:

Isibonakaliso: Izidakamizwa ezi-antipyretic, isiphuzo esiningi, esinyathelisa futhi sikhipha izakhiwo;

Ukwesekwa ukwelashwa.