I-Biograge
Umlobi waseFrance u-Andre wafa wasebenza iminyaka engama-60 futhi ngalesi sikhathi wakwazi ukuba ngomunye wababhali nabacabangi bezwe lakhe. Ukuqonda ngokwengqondo, isifiso seqiniso nolwazi olujulile lwemvelo yomuntu kanye nesipho segama le-art totage art, lafaka ama-classics ezincwadi zaseYurophu ngekhulu lama-20.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Andre wazalelwa eParis ngo-1869 futhi wakhulela emndenini lapho umbuso wenkolo ubusa khona. Abazali - amaCalvinist amfundise ngokuqinile ingane ezindabeni zokholo nokuziphatha okubi, okuvela kuyo eyami ekuqaleni komphefumlo womfana abhikishe khona. Ubaba Zhida wayenguprofesa e-University of Paris, washona lapho indodana yakhe ineminyaka eyi-11. Kusukela lapho, umbhali wesikhathi esizayo wahlala engenalo ithonya lowesilisa.
Ingane yahlanganyela kumama kanye nomalume, yayinempilo ebuthakathaka, ngakho-ke imfundo yathola ukuhlukaniswa nokungahlelekile. Kodwa-ke, ukufunda esikoleni samaProthestani saseParis, u-Andre waphenduka ngokungathi sína ezincwadini, aphuze izinkondlo zasendulo zamaGreek. Ngakho-ke kule nsizwa yaba yisifiso sokuba ngumlobi. Uthando lwezobuciko obuhle luphinde lwavezwa eHobby nomculo okhuthazwa ngumama.
Eminyakeni yama-20, iLyceum yathola iziqu eLyceum yaqala ukuzibandakanya ezincwadini. Ifa likababa lamvumela ukuba anakekele ukudla, futhi le nsizwa yazinikezela ekubhaleni nasekuhambeni. Uvakashele eNyakatho Afrika, eyaba umthombo wokuphefumlelwa noManila umbhali kaninginingi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu yombhali igcwele ubunzima kanye ne-peripetia. Uthando lokuqala luka-Andre kwakungumzala kaMadeleine Royun. Wanikezelwa kumlobi imibhalo yakhe, elinde le ntombazane iphinda. Lobu budlelwano babo baboshwe ebudlelwaneni obuseduze ngokomoya, kepha isiphakamiso sezandla nezinhliziyo zikaKuzin ezamukelwe ngaso leso sikhathi, ngo-1895 kuphela ovuma ukuba ngumfazi weZhida.Lo mshado wawugcinwe othandweni lwako konke okukhona - umka-ke unkosikazi wabhekana nokwesaba okusondelene kakhulu, ngakho-ke lo mbhangqwana awunazo izingane. Indoda ngasikhathi sinye yabona ukuthambekela kobungqingili ukuthi umshado awunakuphulukiswa. Ukukhuthaza nendoda eTunisia ngo-1893, u-Andre wazama isikhathi eside ukuthi ahambisane nokuphikisana phakathi kwemizwa kankosikazi wakhe kanye nomthwalo wezocansi ubulili babo.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoUMadelene, wafunda ngokuzilolonga komyeni wakhe, wamshiya, wahlala eNorman Kuverville. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubumbano obungokomoya nemizwa efudumele phakathi kwabashade baphikelela. Lokhu akuzange kuvimbele owesilisa ukuba abe namanye amathayi, ngokwesibonelo, ngoMqondisi uMark Allegra noma u-Elizabeth wang Rüsselserg, ngabo-1923 ababelethe umlobi ndodakazi kaKatrin.
Umuntu waseFrance akazange afihle ubungqingili futhi wakumemezela ngemisebenzi yakhe, lapho ehlaselwa khona ngokubhala abafowethu. Yebo, futhi yena uqobo wakhathazeke ngokuqinile ngokungqubuzana phakathi kwezinkanuko zenyama nezifiso ezingokomoya eziphakeme.
Izincwadi
Ngokweqiniso, uZhida ubonakala ngokungabaza maqondana nomphakathi waseNtshonalanga wendabuko nokuziphatha okuhle. Ngokusho kombhali, ubuwula nokukhulekelwa kobuqiniso ngaphambi kokuba abaphathi baphazamise ubuntu obukhululekile ukuthola indlela yokuzazisa nokuzibonakalisa kwangempela. Imisebenzi yokuqala yeFrance yathonywa yizimpawu, kodwa ngokushesha yasuka kubo, yathatha imibono kaFriedrich Nietzsche nembongi yeWalt Whitman.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoUnentshisekelo kumlobi nezincwadi zaseRussia - Mayelana noFedor Dostoevsky u-Andre wabhala ngisho nencwadi eyadala ukuthakatha kwentshisekelo kumuntu ofanele eFrance. Imisebenzi ye-fiend ngokwayo yayixoxwa njalo ngumphakathi futhi iba yizehlakalo, ibhekisa izingcaphuno. Ithonya lomlobi ngezincwadi zaseYurophu zangekhulu lama-20 linzima kakhulu ukuwela ngokweqile. Phakathi kwemisebenzi edumile kunazo zonke "amasango asondele", "umphikisi", "uMfuthotist".
Ukushona
Umlobi washona eneminyaka engu-81 ubudala, lapho imbangela yokufa ayisafinyelelwa. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inhlala-kahle ka-Frenchman yayinzima - le ndoda ayikwazanga ukuya eStockholm ngo-1947 ukuthola umklomelo kaNobel. Kodwa-ke, umbhali akazange ashiye umlobi kwaze kwaba ukuphela kwezinsuku, aqhubeka nokwakha "idayari", equkethe ukuqonda imicimbi, izinkinga, amaqiniso e-biography, imibono kanye nezingxabano.Enye yezithombe zokugcina u-Andre ziqala ngo-1950, wadutshulwa emkhakheni we-stre. UZhida akazange abe ngoFebhuwari 19, 1951 eParis, futhi ithuna le-classic litholakala eKuveveli, lapho kwakukhona khona impahla yakhe. Okokugcina kwezincwadi ezibhaliwe "futhi manje uhlala kuwe" wanyathelisa ngokuthe xaxa nangemva kweminye imibhalo yombhali wagcwalisa isisekelo segolide sezincwadi zezwe.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1891 - "Izeluleko ku-Narcissue"
- Ngo-1893 - "Umuzwa wothando"
- Ngo-1897 - "Earth's Easy"
- Ngo-1899 - "I-Prometheus ebisiwe"
- Ngo-1909 - "ISango eliseduze"
- Ngo-1914 - "" Ama-Vatican Dungeons "
- 1923 - "DOSTOVSKY"
- 1925 - "Fake"
- Ngo-1936 - "Genevieve"
- Ngo-1936 - "Buyisa ku-USSR"
- 1951 - "Manje Uhlala Kuwe"