Umlando Wemilingiswa
UHarlequin ungomunye wabafundi ababonakala kakhulu emhlabeni. Kuwo umlando wamakhulu eminyaka, wavuka esuka encekwini yesibili osonweni lwe-Italiya amahlaya anguhlamvu oluzimele. Futhi kanye nokuhlupheka okuvela kuPiero kwakha inyunyana ethandwa kakhulu.Umlando Wokudalwa Komlingiswa
Ngokuphikisana nokudukiswa kwendawo yonke, uHarlequin wavela emakhulezini amakhulu eminyaka ngaphambi kokulungiswa kwehlaya. Isithombe saso sasisetshenziswa ngekhulu le-XIV ku- "amahlaya kaNkulunkulu" kaDante. Umbhali uchaze ngaphandle kwangaphandle inceku yaseVenetian of Alichino - Besa evela esihogweni. I-Alichino yesudi yayihlanganisa izingcezu zendwangu.
IHarlequin yanamuhla "yazalwa" ngekhulu le-XVI. Ukushiya imikhuba yobudimoni emlingweni, ngokushesha uba ngumlingisi othandekayo womphakathi. Umlingiswa ungowemaskhi we-DZANNI wesibili, kodwa kamuva wadlula ekwamukelweni nokuthandwa kwenceku yokuqala - uPulchinell.
Isidlaliso saHarlequin, ngokusho kwabaphenyi, sabangelwa umholi wamademoni - u-Ellechane avela ezinganekwaneni ezindala mayelana "nokuzingela kwasendle". Ngokwe-Scandinavia Mythology, lesi simo sesipoki nabanye abagibeli bathatha imiphefumulo yabantu.
Umqondo onjalo wemvelaphi nokuxhumana nomuntu ongaqondakali wethiyetha yaseshashalazini yase-Italy kufakazela izithombe zawo zokuqala. Ebunzini encekwini kunesiqubu, esifana nokulingana kwezimpondo, esibonisa idemoni lesikhathi esedlule.
Isiphetho kanye nomlingiswa weHarlequin
I-Harlequin yasekuqaleni yabonwa yizithameli zemidlalo yaseshashalazini yomgwaqo njengomdanso ongeyenankolo ovela eBergamo. Indima yakhe ekwethulweni kwakuwukugcina ukudida ngezindaba phakathi kwezindaba ezincane othandweni, amadoda amadala nezinceku.Imvunulo yomlingisi yendabuko ekhulu le-XVI yakhumbuza umlimi ompofu. Futhi lo ngumfanekiso onobunzima besithombe. Ihembe elide nehembe le-coarse - zonke lezi zinto zokugqoka zazenziwa ngokoqobo izimbobo nama-poppipe. Ngakho-ke iHarlequin yaqinisa ubumpofu, ukulula kanye nokulula.
Ubufebe buka-Rustic bakhohliselwa, nokho, wayenguye "izingqondo zakhe uqobo." Lesi sithombe sasikhona eBlackmash esimnyama ngekhala elide, nangemuva kwenkemba yebhayisekili yokhuni. Kuliqiniso, isikhali esinjalo asizange sisindise uHarlequin waseTumakov. Kamuva nje, isigqoko esine-harepare savela ekhanda. Ngakho-ke kwakukhona omunye umugqa wezinceku - ubugwala.
Lapho i-Italian yaseshashalazini kalaketh 'ixazululwa' emigwaqweni yaseFrance, abanye abadlali bajoyina isiko lezwe elinobungane. Abaningi baqala ukwenza ezinkundleni zemidlalo yomphakathi zeFrance njengezinhlamvu ezimele. Ngokuqondene neHarlequin, wayeguqulwa kakhulu ngaphandle.
Ukuze ungatholi "okungalungile" phambi kwamaqembu ezinkantolo zaseFrance, isudi futhi empeleni imaskhi iyeka ukufana nesithombe somfazi osuka eBergamo. Manje kumdlali wengubo ye-motley kusuka ezindwangu ezinothile ngamabomu. Owake wangena esikhundleni sangaphambilini sithathe indawo ephelele ngisho negolide ngesimo sezinsiba.
Ukuthandwa kweqhawe lemicimbi kwakhula kakhulu kangangokuba "reel" intandokazi yePulchinell yomphakathi. Iphinde yathinta umlingiswa. Ukuqala ubufebe kuye kwaba ukuxega okukhaliphile. UKosonazychi kanye namahlaya ayisiwula babuyisela ububi, ngisho nangobuthi beatire.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XVIII, umlingiswa onoshukela onesisindo sokugcina wangena ehlobo. Iqhawe elijabule lafika lizongena esikhundleni sakhe, owakujabulela ukuqhubeka nokuhambela izinkundla zeshashalazi zaseYurophu. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-Italian Comedy del arte iphothule ubukhona bayo. Imidlwane yangena imfashini. UHarlequin uthole impilo entsha yaseshashalazini yemidlwane.
Kwenzeke ezinye izinguquko zangaphakathi. Manje lesi ngumthandi omuhle oshaya umnikazi wayo ePiero ethandekayo Colombin. Kwesinye isikhathi unodoli uboniswa nge-miller, egcotshwe ngefulawa. Kwakusenkulisa yemihla ngemihla, uHarlequin waba ngumngane ongathandeki.
Ngemuva koguquko olukhulu lwesiFulentshi ekugcineni kwekhulu le-XVIII, wayenohlobo lwakhe - "Harlequinad". Manje ukhombisa i-Jester, esebenzisa i-pantomime, izingoma nokudansa. Ukusuka encazelweni yokuqala akukho mkhondo. Manje kuyinto ejabulisayo ne-honeycomb, esephenduke i-prototype ka-Agasti - i-red clown ku-circus.
Isithombe saseHarlequin emasikweni
Emisebenzini yePicasso, isithombe saseHarlequin sivame ukutholakala. Ngisho nangesikhathi sobumbano, lapho uphawu lobuciko olungelona iqiniso, i-tuli liyi-jester enamadayimane - uphawu olubalulekile esithombeni. Ukwamukela okuthandayo kuqhathaniswa nesithombe esihle somthengisi nendawo emnyama ezungezile. Njalo unesithakazelo kuPaul Cezanne Paul Cezanne, owabhala umdwebo "Piero noHarlequin".
Ithonya elikhulu le-balagar emnandi neRussia. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1900, u-Alexander Shiryaev wenza indima yakhe eBelt "Arklinad" eSt. Petersburg. U-Alexander Blok ukhuluma ngomlingiswa emisebenzini "ukukhanya efasiteleni enyakazelwe" kanye "nokuzilaka".
Isibukeli sethelevishini saseRussia sikhumbula iculo kahle, eliphawula ukuhlaselwa kwePrimadonna ngo-1975. Kwakungenxa yokwakheka "i-arquino" Alla pugacheva yathola i-Grand Prix yeGolden Orpheus festival.
E-cinema, i-Jester ivela kwifilimu yaseSoviet "Carnival" yango-1986, lapho, kanye namakhulu ambalwa edlule, ukulwa nenhliziyo yeColombina. Embonini yamafilimu wanamuhla, uHarlequin ushintsha phansi kwabesifazane, ukulungisa amakhathuni "batman" ka-1992. Kanye ne-Harley Queen kusuka ku-blockbuster "Square Square" - Okunye ukuhunyushwa komlingiswa obonakalayo.
Kwakukhona indawo encekwini yase-Italy nasemsebenzini wezingane. Ngakho-ke, u-Alexei Tolstoy ubeka leli qhawe encwadini ethi "Ukhiye Wegolide, noma ukufika kweBuratino", kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi icebo lahla ngesisekelo sefilimu elifanayo legama legama elifanayo.