I-Biograge
U-Enver Khoja - umbusi wesikhathi eside we-Albania, odlulile indlela ukusuka ku-Revolutionary eTirana. Inzalo yomhlatshelo womashiqela ngeke inqume ukuthi usopolitiki unentengo eyengeziwe - enhle noma ebubi.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Enver wazalwa ngo-1908 emndenini kaBektashi - abalandeli be-Sufi oda, ehlanganisa ama-Islam nezinto zobuKristu. IMalaya Motherland Khoji yidolobha laseGyrocara, lapho abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-30 manje baphila.
Izindwangu zokuhweba kababa, mayelana nezinga lempilo yomndeni, ungahlulela indlu enezitezi ezintathu, lapho iminyaka yezingane neyobusha idlulile khona, futhi iqiniso lokuthi umfana akazange aphuthume ukuze akhule akwenze imali ngokuzimela. Ehlobo lika-1930, le nsizwa iphothule i-Lyceum edolobheni lase-Albanian eKorch yangena e-French University of Montpeltellier. NjengoJoseph Stalin, ebusheni bakaHoddy babhala izinkondlo.
EFrance, u-Enver wahlangana nomholi wamaKhomanisi Maurice Torez, ababhali bakaHenri Barbus noLouis Aragon. Kusuka eyunivesithi yokuqala, ngangixoshwa, ngokusho komlando wase-Albanian, ukuzibophezela kwemibono yamaKhomanisi, nangombono wabaphikisi - uGouli kanye no-Aabania, kepha u-Albanian wangena owesibili - uBrussels Free University.
U-Enver wangena kwi-French, futhi ephathini yamaKhomanisi aseBelgian, eshicilele izindatshana e- "Yumat", lapho uStalin ancoma futhi aphonsa ama-trotkyistists kanye neBukharinsky. Ngemuva kokubuyela ezweni lakwaHody, walibhekisa iseli lamaKhomanisi emgqonyeni kadoti.
Ngo-1938, iBolshevik yase-Albanian yafunda enhlokodolobha ye-USSR ngaso leso sikhathi ezikhungweni ezimbili - ama-Marxism-Leninism kanye nezilimi zakwamanye amazwe. Inyanga ngemuva kokufika eMoscow, u-Enver wahlangana nomholi wazo zonke izizwe.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngisho nabaphikisi bakwaKhoji abaphiki ukuthi u-Enver waba nokubukeka okuyisibonelo. Okuphezulu, Ukuba nokumamatheka okukhangayo, nasebusheni, ukwahlulela ngesithombe, ne-chapel enkulu, umholi wahamba nendoda yomndeni eyisibonelo.Ngonkosikazi wesikhathi esizayo, iNead Envor yahlangana, ngiseyi-turrilla. Intombazane yayinegama lesidlaliso elibuthakathaka. Abantu abanomqondo ofanayo badlala umshado ngosuku lokuqala luka-1945. Izingane ezintathu zazalelwa kulo mbhangqwana - indodakazi kaFringer namadodana o-Ili noFalcon.
I-non-zhaga, isazi se-madeologist esiyinhloko yeSocialist Albania, siholele kusukela ngo-1966 yiNational Institute of Marxism-Leninism kanye nesikole seqembu eliphakeme. Ngemuva kokushona kuka-Enver, umkakhe wawela e-OPALA, wabe esechitha iminyaka emi-5 ejele labesifazane beTirana.
Ngokusho kwemithombo yohlelo lwe-Commerce, ukuntuleka kwenguqulo ye-Enver Khoja Urow Merena umshado kungenxa yezimiso eziphakeme zokuziphatha zomholi wase-Albanian, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi uPolitiki wayezithanda izinduna - izikhulu. Umashiqela, onqatshelwe owayengokwezimoto ezingabakho, waya emakhulu ayisithupha "Mercedes", nesigodlo sakhe - indlu yakhe yasendlini yakhe uqobo yayinamakamelo ayi-106.
Ipolitiki
Ngemuva kokuthathwa kwe-Albania, amabutho e-Italy kaHody abhekise inhlangano ye-Partisan. Esitolo sikagwayi, esiseTiran futhi siphethwe yi-hoJ, sadlula amaqoqo amaKhomanisi.
I-Albania isibe yiyodwa izwe laseYurophu elidonsela ama-fascist ngaphandle kokwethulwa kwamabutho we-anti-hitler coalition. UKhoja wayekhona eParade yeMoscow yokunqoba.
ISoviet Union yabamba iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Albania, ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo, amafektri, izibhedlela kanye nezikole. Siza izwe lezintaba eziziqhenyayo nalo linikeze iYugoslavia. Kodwa-ke, uMbuso oholwa yiTito ngu-IPLAR BROZOM, ehlelelwe ukudonsa i-Albania.
Ngo-1947, u-Enver walingisa iqembu lephathi futhi waba yinhloko yeqembu lamaKhomanisi ezwe lakhe. Isimo sokuqala i-Albania sakhuliswa kuye kwakunguYugoslavia.
Igebe eline-Soviet Union lenzeke ngemuva kokufika kweNikita Khrushchev yafika emandleni, okwabangela ukwenqatshwa kwe-Khoja njenge-antistinism kanye nemifanekiso engalungile ngesikhathi sokuvakasha eTiran. UNikita Sergeevich wathi amagundane aseSoviet adla izinto eziningi ukwedlula ama-Albina. I- "Khrushchevets" yaba yisisulu esisemthethweni e-Albania.
Abase-Albanian, ababefunda eSoviet Union ngaphansi kukaStalin beza e-Opali. Abafazi babo baseSoviet kanye nabayeni baphetha e-Albania ejele. Ukuboshwa kanye nokubulawa kwabantu kwakuvame kakhulu esimweni seKoji. Ukucindezelwa kwaphathwa njalo kubo bonke abantu abathathu base-Albania. Ngokwesibonelo sikaStalin Khoja kuhlelwe ukuhlanza iqembu. Ku-State Trive, e-Enver wasola ngisho ne-Associas eseduzane, ukhumbule umzabalazo wengxenye kaMehmet Shehu.
I-Khoja yenqabe izakhamizi ukuthi zibe nezimoto namapiyano, zigqoke i-jean, lalela i-rock ne-jazz. I-Albania ukuphela kwezwe emhlabeni lapho inkolo ivunyelwe khona ngokusemthethweni.
Ngokungeziwe kuKhoja naseStalin, izwe laseBalkan likhazinyuliswe iSkanderbeg - iqhawe leNational Liberation Stract nabanqobi baseTurkey. I-biography yase-Albanian eyayihlala ekhulwini le-XV, eminyakeni yokubambisana neSoviet Union, yayisuselwa kwifilimu lapho kudalulwe khona uYuri Yakovlev.
Inqubomgomo yokuhlukaniswa kwaholela ekwakhiweni kwama-bunkers e-Albania. Isakhiwo esisodwa esivikelayo sabalelwa kuwo wonke ama-Albanian amahlanu.
Ngasikhathi sinye, inani labantu base-Albania likhule lisuka kwelinye nesigamu labantu laba yizigidi ezintathu nesigamu, namazinga okufunda nokubhala - ukusuka ku-5% kuya ku-98%. Ngo-1960, i-Enver ikhansela intela yemali engenayo. Uma isakhamuzi sase-Albania sishonile, umndeni wathola inkokhelo ngenani lomholo wonyaka noma impesheni kamufi.
Ukushona
Eminyakeni yamuva nje yokuphila, u-Enver wahlushwa uchungechunge lweMicroinsins kanye ne-Microindarkt. Isimo sikashukela sanda, uHogzha ohlushwa yintsha. Ngo-1983, u-Enver wasuka ezindabeni. I-Albania yaqala ukuhola umlandeli kuKhoji Ramiz Alia.Usopolitiki owabusa izwe elimpofu kakhulu laseYurophu eJoseph Stalin, uNikita Khrushchev naseLeonid Brezhnev, washona lapho uMikhail Gorbachev wayevele engumholi we-USSR. Imbangela yokufa komashiqela ngo-Ephreli 11, 1985 kwakuyi-hemorrhage ebuchosheni.
Emcimbini wokuvalelisa, ubuholi base-Albanian kuphela lenze ukuthi banikeze imvume yezifundazwe ezigcina ukuzibophezela eMarxism-Leninism. Ithuna likaKhoji ekuqaleni lalisethulweni leSikhumbuzo lamaqhawe esizwe eTirana (umngcwabo wenzeka ngo-Okthoba 1985). Kodwa-ke, ngo-1992, umzimba we-Enver wakhishwa futhi wavuswa emathuneni omphakathi emaphethelweni enhlokodolobha yase-Albanian.
Ukukhumbula
Indodakazi kamashishi, kanye nomyeni wakhe, uClemene kaColen waklama umnyuziyamu we-Enver Khoji eTirana, ebizwa ngeMausoleum. Ngesikhathi sempi eBalkan esakhiweni esifana nephiramidi, indlunkulu yaseNato yatholakala. Manje isakhiwo sisetshenziswa njengehholo lombukiso. Ingxenye yezakhiwo inikezwa isikhungo sethelevishini, ingxenye ihlanganisiwe. Isikhumbuzo esiya emvelweni, owayemi eSkanderbeg Square eTirana, wadilizwa ngo-1991.
Emsebenzini weLaureate weBhekovskaya Award Countryman Khoji Ismail Cadar "Farewell Isipho Ebi Eabing" Umholi wase-Albanian ukhonjwa noSathane. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokubusa kwe-Enver umlobi ofanayo ufaka i-main Albanian enkulu kunoveli "Gcina ebusika", ethwelwe ngo-1979, obizwa nge- "ubuso nobuso".
UKhoja ukhulunywa ngemisebenzi kaGeorge Amanda "ukubhukuda okusogwini" kanye ne-vasily akselenova "isiqhingi saseCrimea". Ngo-2010, umshicileli we-Exmo Algorithm ukhiphe incwadi u-Enver "Khrushchev yabulala uStalin kabili."
I-Bibliography
- 1976 - "Khrushchevtsy"
- Ngo-1977 - "I-APT ekulweni nokubuyiselwa kweKhrushchev"
- 1979 - "I-Imperilism nenguquko"
- 1979 - "Ukucabanga eChina"
- Ngo-1982 - "Ngezincwadi nezobuciko"
- 1983 - ""ITovtsy. Amanothi Omlando "
- 1984 - "Ukucabanga eMiddle East. 1958-1983. Kusuka kudayari yezepolitiki "