Umuntu ovela ezikhathini zabaluleki ayengazenzi esifisweni sakhe solwazi lomhlaba, kodwa ngeshwa kubahambi basendulo, izithiyo zemvelo zenze kwaba nzima ukwenza le nqubo yokufundisa: ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imikhumbi nendiza. nolwandle, nemifula yangezelela izintaba namanzi amabhuloho. Imiklamo yeminyaka yokugcina neyokuqala yathuthukiswa kusukela eminyakeni: Omunye wabacwebecwebe ngokhuni waguqulwa waba yizimangaliso zobunjiniyela bokucabanga, okwaziyo ukunqoba izinkulungwane zamamayela eNautical, owesibili, ekuqaleni, okungenani, ekuqaleni, Umuthi owile, welule amakhulukhulu amakhilomitha njengoba wakhelwa eChina Danyan-Kunshan Viaduct, ubude bawo bangamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-165.
Kepha hhayi kuphela phesheya kunezinto ezihlaba umxhwele izinhlaka zobunjiniyela - cishe amabhuloho amade kakhulu eRussia azotshela i-Article 24cm.
Ayini amabhuloho
Uma kukhulunywa ngasiphi iBridge eRussia okude kakhulu, engqondweni, iningi labantu liza izakhiwo ezinkulu, zakhiwe ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bamuva namakhulu amathani wezinto zokwakha, lapho izimoto zihamba khona. Kodwa-ke, kukhona nabanye abamele abamele izikhungo zobunjiniyela ezibhekwayo ngohlobo lwezindawo zobunjiniyela, ezihlukaniswa nobude bazo.I-typographic iningi
Ibhuloho le-typographic lakhiwa ngo-2016 futhi lisendaweni yaseVladimir esifundeni saseKirzhach. Lokhu kwakhiwa kwamamitha angama-555 ubude, ukwelula idolobhana lomfula okubizwa ngokuthi yindawo efanayo, kubhekwa njengebhuloho elide kunazo zonke labahamba ngezinyawo eRussia, okuqinisekiswe yisitifiketi sencwadi yesiRussia yamarekhodi.
Ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwebhuloho le-typographic, okwabizwa, ngenxa yabaxhasi abaphambili bokwakhiwa kwakhe, indlu yokuphrinta yasendaweni, indawo yomnikazi werekhodi lasekhaya ngobude phakathi kwezakhiwo zabahamba ngezinyawo ezenziwe esihlahleni Isungulwe eBeloretsk, yadalwa ngo-1935. Ubude beBloretsky Bridge kwakukhona amamitha angama-552, ukuvumela kancane "umnikazi wesihloko" esisha, kodwa ngo-2019 kwaba nokuwohloka kwengxenye ye-spans, futhi njengamanje isimo sesakhiwo esimele ungaqinisekile.
I-Skybridge
Kungaba isikhathi esingenhla phezulu kwamabhuloho amade kakhulu eRussia ngaphandle kokukhuluma okwakhiwe ngo-2014 eSychi Sheeter Pedestrian "Skybridge". Idizayini yobude obungamamitha angama-439, ixhuma imiphetho ephambene ye-Akhyty Gorge, itholakala endaweni enamamitha angama-207 ngaphezulu kwamanzi - isigodi soMfula uMzmitt sitholakala ngezansi.Kuze kube ngu-2018, lapho i-Europabrücke 494-Move Europabrücke yelule ngaphezulu kwe-graumbafer break eSwitzerland, lokhu kwakhiwa kwathathwa kahle indawo yokumiswa okude kakhulu kwebhuloho, kodwa nakumhlaba. Kuliqiniso, kufanelekile ukuthi kuqaphele ukuthi ibhuloho eligcwele ezikhundleni zokuqala, ezaziwa ngokuthi "European", lisendaweni ephakeme ngo-85 m. Yebo, kanye nendawo yesithathu i-AUSTIAN I-406-Metere179 evela emhlabathini iyasuswa kuphela ngo-110 m.
"I-Main Cast"
Njengoba sebejwayelane namabhuloho abahamba ngezinyawo bezwe, bakwazi ukumangaza ubude babo, yisikhathi sokuya kwabanye, osayizi bakhe bahlaba umxhwele kakhulu.
I-Big ObuKovsky iningi
Ivula phezulu okude kakhulu eRussia ekhishwe eSt. Petersburg futhi kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi abahlali bendawo ukuthola izici ezinhle kakhulu "amathanga" amamitha angama-2884. I-OveraPass ixhumanisa i-EvatAnkment ka-Okthoba nge-Olukuhavsky Defense Avenue. Akukona eqinisweni, kepha amabhuloho amabili anokuphambene nokuhamba kwezimoto ezakhiwe eduze komunye nomunye.
Ngenxa yokuthi ibhuloho elikhulu elikhulu le-ObuKhovsky, i-Towerring phezu kwamanzi amamitha we-NEVA 30, ngokungafani namanye amabhuloho aseSt. Ukubekezelela. Kusukela ngo-2003, "imnyuziyamu yebhuloho levolovo" elisebenza endaweni yokwakha, ngemuva kokuphela komsebenzi ngo-2008, kudluliselwe eRed Selo.
Iningi laseRussia
Yakhelwe ngqo ibhuloho laseRussia elibanjwe ngo-2012, ibanjwe ngo-2012, yawelulwa nge-Bosphorus Vescent, yaba ngumnikazi wama-rerteors ngasikhathi sinye:- I-VladivoStok eyedlule - ibhuloho elide kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ubude bawo bungamakhilomitha amathathu amamitha ayi-100.
- Ibhuloho elixhuma isiqhingi saseRussia nge-peninsula yeNazimov, amaPylons aphezulu kakhulu - amamitha angama-324.
- Idizayini ihlukaniswa yi-span enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yamabhuloho weGuy - amamitha ayi-1104.
Yize umbuzo wokwakhiwa kwendlela nge-strait waphakanyiswa kaninginingi, kusukela kuma-30s ekhulu leminyaka elidlule, umsebenzi wokudalwa kwebhuloho waqalwa ngo-2007 kuphela ngo-Agasti 2012. Ngesikhathi sokwakha, ukwakhiwa bekuhlukile zombili ngokuya ngezincazelo zobuchwepheshe kanye nento eyinkimbinkimbi yezakhiwo zebhuloho laseRussia.
Khabarovsky iningi
Ngisho nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ngo-1916, edolobheni laseKhabarovsk, leli bhuloho lelulele ngaphesheya koMfula i-Amur futhi laphela ukuphela kokwakhiwa kwe-Trans-Siberian Railway May. Waqanjwa ngokuthi "Alekseevsky" - ukuhlonipha indlalifa esihlalweni sobukhosi saseRussia. Manje lolu daba lwaziwa njengebhuloho laseKhabarovsky noma, endaweni ezungezile, "Amur Minacle".
Kuze kube yi-90s yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, leli bhuloho lalingukugcina ujantshi kajantshi - ngo-1992 kuphela kwaqala ukwakhiwa kabusha kwaqala ngemuva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa ukuba ivule ithrafikhi edlula nemoto. Ubude besakhiwo obujwayele bonke amaRussia esithombeni embhalweni wezinkulungwane ezinhlanu zeBhange laseRussia, - 3891 amamitha.
Bridge phezu kweJurieuri
Kepha ibhuloho ngaphesheya koMfula iYuriuri, oqhubeka kwi-Yamalo-Nenets esifundeni esizimele, evulwa ngoJuni 2009, lihlinzeka ngokuhamba kokuthuthwa kwezitimela kuphela. Kusekuqaleni emhlabeni ngobude phakathi kwezinguquko zebhuloho ezakhelwe umbuthano we-polar - ubude be-Overpass ngamamitha ayi-3893. Idizayini yephrojekthi ayijwayelekile kulokhu ngenxa yobuntu obuhlukile benhlabathi ngokuba khona kwenhlabathi ethambile yobumba kanye ne-permafrost endaweni yokwakhiwa kwalolokwakha, kwasetshenziswa amapayipi ensimbi.Abakhi bahlangana ngezinsuku ezingama-349, okubhekwa njengenkomba yerekhodi kulezi zinhlaka.
De Friz - cedanka
Kuvulwe ngo-2012 eVladivostok Bridge kulo lonke elase-Amur Bay nakho kufakiwe esiqongweni eside kunazo zonke eRussia. Ukwedlula okuphezulu okungamakhilomitha angama-4,3, kuvumela ukunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zesikhathi somgwaqo esikhumulweni sezindiza, kuxhuma i-peninsula ezimbili - iMuravyov-Amur noDe Fris - futhi isebenzisa ama-spans angama-80. Ekwakhiweni komklamo, ukuKhanyisa amalambu amasha aholwa yi-LED aqinisile, kwathatha iminyaka emithathu - Imisebenzi yaqhubeka kusukela ngoNovemba 2009 kuya ku-Agasti 2012.
Njengebhuloho ngaphezulu kweBosphorus, lo odlulayo owakhiwe eVladivostok wakhiwa engqungqutheleni ye-APEC-2012 yakhelwe, ngokwesivumelwano esivela ngo-2007, esiqhingini saseRussia.
Ibhuloho likaMongameli
Ibhuloho elinganakwa ngoMfula iVolga e-Ulyanovsk, yize linobude obungu-5.8 km, kepha hhayi kuphela ngalesi sipharamitha. Kunelukuluku ngokwengeziwe ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwakhiwa eminyakeni engama-23 esikhundleni salokho okuhleliwe, umsebenzi owaqalwa ngo-1986 waphela ngo-2009 kuphela. Ngesikhathi sokwakha le phrojekthi, ebizwa ngokuthi "iBhuloho likaMongameli", ikwazile ukwenza inhloko eyodwa yombuso: ifakwe kuNobhala Wokugcina, iguqulwe yaba nguMongameli wokuqala we-USSR, i-Gorbachev, edlula ngeqile nge-Kuibyshev Reservoir " Yakhelwe "Futhi kuMongameli wokuqala weRussian Federation Yeltin, kodwa waqandiselwa iqhwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezimali. Eqinisweni, umsebenzi uqale ngo-2002 kuphela, ngoPutin, kanye ne-viaduct medvedev kanye noMongameli waseAzerbaijan Ilham Aliyev bavulwa.
Ukubambezeleka okungakaze kube khona ngesikhathi sokwakha kwaholela ekukhuphukeni kwezindleko zephrojekthi ngama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-14, futhi izindleko zokugcina zebhuloho likaMongameli zazingama-38.5 billion.
I-North kanye neSouth Owls yaseSt. Petersburg
Amamitha angama-8795 namamitha angama-9378 ubude beNyakatho neseNingizimu edlula entshonalanga yentshonalanga yejubane eliphezulu ledolobha laseSt. Petersburg, ngokulandelana. I-ZSD ingumgwaqo omkhulu wemoto okhokhelwayo enhlokodolobha yaseNyakatho yezwe, ukwakhiwa kwawo kwaqala ngo-2005 - Disemba 4, 2016, ukuvulwa komugqa wokugcina kwenzeka.Zombili izingxenye ze-Overpass, ngaphezu kwe-viaduct yomhlaba, zifaka phakathi ibhuloho eli-2 ngaphezulu kwamanzi: eningizimu - nge-carvater yomkhumbi kanye nesiteshi solwandle, enyakatho - ngeFetrovsky Farvasers.
Crimean iningi
Ngenxa yokukhanyisa okusebenzayo kokwakhiwa kwebhuloho ngaphezulu kweKerch Strait kwabezindaba, impendulo yombuzo wokuthi iBridge ende kunazo zonke itholakala eRussia kusobala kunoma yimuphi umuntu wezwe. Ukuhleleka okuphathelene nokwakhiwa kweyokwakhiwa okuhle kufanele kuhambisane nesimo sezwe laseCrimean, kudlula insimu yase-Ukraine, kwanikezwa ngo-2014. Isigaba sokuqala sebhuloho laseCrimea, okuyimoto ende engu-16,9 km, egijima kumanzi angama-35 ngaphezulu kwamanzi, aqedwe ngoMeyi 2018. Ukunyakaza okugcwele kokuqala kolayini wesitimela obune-18.1 km okutholwe ngoDisemba 2019 ukuthola izitimela zabagibeli - amakhompiyutha ezithwala amanzi azothola imvume yokuhamba ebhulohweni kusukela ngoJulayi 2020.
Ngokusho kwabadali, ngenxa yezixazululo zakamuva zezobuchwepheshe, ibhuloho laseCrimea ngeke lidinge ukulungiswa eminyakeni engamakhulu aseduze. I-talisman yesakhiwo sobunjiniyela ikati eliqanjwe yileli bhuloho, elivele endaweni ngo-2015, futhi ukwakheka kwesakhiwo kuphinda imibala yefulegi laseRussia.