I-Biograge
I-Epicthet yayiyizeluleko zasendulo, ithuthukisa imibono yesitofu eGreece futhi iqhubeke nemisebenzi yalolu cala njengoDiogen Babylonia ne-Athenodor. Waphikisana ngesimo somuntu, uNkulunkulu nempilo enhle, futhi wakhuluma ngenkululeko, ngoba yena uqobo wayeyisigqila.Ukhanda
Abaphenyi baphakamisa ukuthi i-biography yama-epictics yaqala ngo-55 N. Ns. Edolobheni lasendulo lamaGrikhi laseHierapol. Leli gama elitholwe lapho ngizalwa emithonjeni etholakalayo lalingagcinwanga, nesidlaliso, ababemazi ngaphansi kwethu kwisazi sefilosofi, yasho ukuthi "yathengwa."
Futhi, kwatholakala ukuthi usosayensi waqhuba iminyaka emincane eRoma eRoma futhi wathengwa emakethe yokuzithandela ngonobhala wombumbi, ogama lakhe kwakunguNero. Umnikazi we-epiffer wawela kabi impahla yakhe waphule umlenze we-epicthette yakhe, lokhu kufakazelwa yisithombe semicrosoft, lapho ifezeli liboniswa nge-crutch.
Leli cala lithonya isiphetho sesiGreek, esaqala ukuthola ukuphumula, okuvunyelwe ukufunda emnyuziyamu we-ruf, naphezu kwesikhundla sesigqila. Futhi cishe ama-94, akaziwa njengenkululeko futhi, kanye nabameleli befilosofi yeStososoph, baxoshwa eRoma ngokuhleleka kwe-domitian.
Ngaphandle kwe-Italy, i-epicthet yahlala edolobheni osogwini lwe-Ambiag Bay futhi yasungula isikole sayo edolobheni elibizwa ngeNikopol. Ubuqiniso bezintshumayelo nekhono lesikhulumi baletha impumelelo kwimisebenzi yakhe, futhi kungekudala kubafundi baseGrisi waqala ukuba nendima eholayo.
Embusweni, owaziwa njengoMarku, ulping uNerving Trajan, ifilosofi yabuyela esifundeni saseRoma nalaphaya, ikhuluma ezihlahleni ezivulekile, yaduma njengendawo evulekile. Ngokubhalwa kombusi, waba nethuba lokuphila ubukhona obunokuthula, kodwa wakhetha ukuhlala ebuphofini obuhle futhi wasebenzisa ezinkulumweni zolimi olucacile.
Lesi sikhundla sososayensi wefilosofi sabangela ukuba sihloniphe abafundi nabalandeli, omunye wawo kwakunguSenator waseRoma kanye nomcebisi beFlavius. Esikhathini esidala, wachitha ubusuku bonke, wasebenzisa isibani esishibhile samafutha, lezi zimo zichaze incwadi kaSatir's Satir, eyaziwa ngokuthi uLucian.
Ekupheleni kokuphila, ngokusho kwabaphenyi, i-Epicthet yamukela ingane yengane, eyayikhulisa ngosizo lowesifazane okungenzeka ukuthi wayengumfazi oweza kuye. Ngonyaka we-135, wafa ngesizathu esingaziwa, futhi lokhu kwenzeka, emininingwaneni ende, ngolwandle lwase-Ionia edolobheni laseNikopol.
Ifilosofi
Ngokusekelwe ezimfundisweni ze-Stoosofi sekwephuzile, i-Epicthet yathuthukisa ifilosofi yayo, lapho isimilo senkolo sasisekelwe khona esikhundleni sohlelo lwe-eclecticism. Ngokusho kwakhe, lo mbono wehluka kubanduleli bayo, bonke abantu babengabafowabo, nasekumiseni kwabo, kuhlanjululwa ekujuleni ngokweqile, usosayensi wahlala egcizelela le nto.Ukusuka esimweni esinjalo, umdabuko we-hierarp wabheka yonke imiqondo yefilosofi futhi, ephikisana ngokungemthetho wendawo yonke, wammelela ngesimo sababili. Owokuqala wawunobuhlakani, noma uphawu lwesibili - imvelo yokudala - futhi leyo mithombo elinganayo yakhiqiza izimiso futhi yasabela.
Ekhuluma ngezwe eladalwa uNkulunkulu, i-Epicthet yamyalela owesilisa owadalwa ukuba angcole isidumbu futhi wagcwala ngomqondo nomphefumulo. Le thesis yathatha imicabango yenkululeko ephathelene nezwe langaphakathi nangaphandle, lisho ilungelo lokukhetha kanye nekhono lokulahla isiphetho sabo.
Omunye umqondo wezimfundiso zefilosofi kwakuyisimiso sempilo enhle, lapho izinto kwakufanele zilunge futhi zibumbele ngokokuqala kokuqala. Futhi kulokhu, umbono oqondile wokuthi abaphathi bama-celers balawulwa kanjani yindawo yonke, futhi bahlanganisa nomhlaba wangaphandle, kulandela ukugcwala okuqondile kwemithetho.
Amathuba womhlaba onjalo we-oda eliphakeme asekelwe imicabango ngesimo somuntu, ngokusho komuntu ngamunye aqhamuka konkulunkulu. Lokhu kuchaze ubukhona bekhono lokuthanda nokuveza imizwa yabo, kanye nokuqwashisa ngesikweletu sombango kanye nokugcwaliseka kwezikweletu zokuziphatha.
Izahlulelo ze-STOIC zithonya uMbusi WaseRoma uMark Aureliya, owasebenzisa izingcaphuno zakhe 'ekuzindlebeni' okubhalwe ngesikhathi sezimpi ezi-parary. Futhi usosayensi we-neoplatonic uSilmport Kiliyki waqamba amazwana kuma-Prunes ambalwa futhi aveze umbono wokuthi basiza ekubekezeleleni nezinhlekelele nase-Handrea.
Ngeshwa, imfundiso yezefilosofikazi yayingabhalwanga emithonjeni yasekuqaleni futhi yagcinwa kuphela 'ezingxoxweni' ze-arrian kanye nokuqoqwa kwamabhukwana okubizwa ngokuthi "Enchiridion". Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifa lesiGreki elidumile lathola indawo emisebenzini yanamuhla, lapho ayenabacabangi abanjalo njengoSeneca, uGemin no-Ariston.
I-Bibliography
- "Izingxoxo" (ngesi-Arrian Hrian)
- "I-Enchiridion" (ngokuhleleka kwe-arrian)