Eplalweni yethu kunezinkulungwane zezilimi ezihlukile ngenani labo bobabili abathwali futhi bamane bazikhulume. Ulimi oluvame kakhulu emhlabeni isihloko sokuhlelwa kwalo-24CMI sizodingida kulesi sihloko, futhi ngasikhathi sinye sizoya ngesilinganiso saso esithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni ngo-2020.
I-Punjabi
Endaweni eyi-10 yohlu, uPopjabi utholakala ohlwini lwezilimi ezisemthethweni ze-India. By the way, nabo bakhuluma ePakistan, kepha azibonwa njengezigaba zombuso, ngokungafani nomakhelwane wasempumalanga. Ikakhulu phakathi kwezilimi zase-Indo-yaseYurophu, uPanjabi uhlukile kokunye okubhekisele ekukhishweni kweTonal - kuya ngokuphakama komthelela wokuvumelanisa umthelela, ushintsho lwegama legama.
Kulolu limi, kudluliselwa kubantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-112 emhlabeni, futhi iningi lezikhulumi ePanjabi zihlala ePakistan naseNdiya - 105 million. Abathwali abasele "basatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke, kepha iningi labo eCanada , ENgilandi, kanye ne-United Arab Emirates nase-USA.
IsiJapan
Umugqa wesishiyagalolunye wesilinganiso "Ulimi oluvame kakhulu emhlabeni" luhlala isiJapanese. Kukhulunywa izakhamuzi ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-127 zezwe lelanga eliphumayo, kepha lezi zinombolo zikude kakhulu. Lolu limi, olubhekwa njengolunzima kakhulu ukuze lukwazi ukwenza kahle lolimi nezinkulungwane zama-hieroglyphs asetshenziswa kule ncwadi, aqala ukufunda abantu abaningi abaningana bakwamanye amazwe.Izizathu zale nzalo zisobala. IJapan yizwe elinomnotho othuthukile, futhi isifiso sokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi ngalesi sikhungo sesiqhingi siphonsela abantu bebhizinisi ukuthi bafundele ulimi lwabalingani baseMpumalanga. Futhi, isikhathi eside, izwe lihlukaniswa ngamagugu ezwe ahlukile wezwe, asevele ekwazile ukuheha izigidi zabantu ngaphandle kwazo, futhi abafuna ukwazi amasiko nolimi oluthandwa nguJapan.
Isikhali sase-Russian
Eminye iminyaka engu-2-3 edlule, isiRussia sabamba ngokuqinile 6 sithungatha phakathi kwezilimi zokwandulela emhlabeni. Futhi lokhu kunengqondo, ngoba ngaphandle kwamaRussia ngqo, izakhamuzi cishe zawo wonke amaRiphabhuleki ayekade engxenye yeSoviet Union zazikhulunywa ngokukhululekile. Kodwa-ke, inqubomgomo enolaka elwa nolaka lwaseRussia lwamanani angaphambili "e-toraternal" ajoyina leli cala. Lapho, ngaphansi komzabalazo wokulondolozwa kwamanani kazwelonke, izinqubo zenziwa ekusetshenzisweni "kolimi lwabahlaseli", lapho kulokho bakhuluma khona ngamaphesenti angama-50 (futhi ngezinye izikhathi) abahlali.
Manje ulimi lwesiRussia luthatha inani lezikhundla eziyi-8 ezisezingeni. Ngosizo lwayo, cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-260 emhlabeni baxhumana ngokusemthethweni, okuyi-145 million kuphela abahlala eRussia. Uma ungasebenzi ngokusemthethweni, kanye nemininingwane yangempela, isiRussia sasala endaweni yesi-6 phakathi kokusetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni.
Isiphepheli
Ngolimi lwesiPutukezi phezulu kwendawo ethandwa kakhulu yesi-7, okucacile, ngoba akukhulunywanga ePortugal kuphela, lapho izakhamuzi ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-10. Leli qembu lezilimi zaseRomania lisemthethweni ngokusemthethweni okungenani emazweni ayi-8. Isibonelo, phakathi kwaso, kwakwa yiPortuguese engxenyeni yokuqala ye-XVI Celi nge-Brazil enabantu abayizigidi ezingama-210. Kanye ne-Angola neMozambiki, ngalinye lihlala abantu abayizigidi ezingama-30.Yize emazweni amaningi, njengeBrazil esevele eshilo, ngolimi futhi kukhona izinkambiso zezingcweti nezinto zolimi, ezihlukile emthonjeni womthombo, zisezinhliziyweni zalezi zilimi zishintshe kahle isiPutukezi. Lokhu kuvumela owokugcina ukuba afake izandiso eziyi-10 eziphezulu kakhulu zembulunga yonke.
IBangal
I-Bangladesh kanye nenqwaba yamazwe amaNdiya eRiphabhulikhi yeRiphabhulikhi yeRiphabhulikhi, phakathi kwayo eNtshonalanga Bengal ne-Assam, ulimi lwe-Bengali ngenxa yokwanda emhlabeni, eshintsha inani lezikhulumi zaseRussia, eminyakeni embalwa edlule, le ndawo.
Kusuka ezicini ezinelukuluku zalolimi olungaphakathi, olususelwa ku-Sanskrit yasendulo, cishe ukuhambisana ngokuphelele nokubiza amagama nokubhala. Yize emashumini eminyaka amuva nje we-XIX - Sekuqala ama-XX amakhulu eminyaka, uBengali wayelinganiswe futhi esenziwe lula, esesempumalanga yezingxabano zaseMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga yeBengali. Ngakho-ke indlela yokuphinyiselwa kwamagama athile kungenzeka angahambisani eNdiya naseBangladesh. Ngaphezu kwabathwali ngokuqondile, kunabantu abangaba yizigidi ezingama-250 abasebenzisa i-Bengali ngokuxhumana.
-Arabi
Uma ubheka bonke abasekeli be-Islam, abasebenzisa kakhulu isi-Arabhu ngesikhathi semicikilisho yenkolo, bese kuba yinombolo yezikhulumi kulo, okuyingxenye ye-Semite eyisikhombisa, iyakwazi ukuthatha ngisho nemigqa yokuqala kuhlu oluvame kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, bangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.5 - inkomba ebaluleke kakhulu. Kepha noma ngabe uthatha kuphela labo abaxhumana njalo ngomunye nomunye ngesi-Arabhu, khona-ke izinombolo zizoba umxhwele - izigidi ezingaphezu kuka-360.I-Arabic esetshenziswe emazweni ayi-6 iphakathi kwezilimi ezisemthethweni ezizweni ezingama-26. Kubandakanya i-REMOCCIC yeDemocratic yeDemokhrikhi yeDemocratic yeDemocratic yeDemocratic yeDemocratic yeDemocratic ne-Palestine, kanye neSomaliland ayibonwa. Kusetshenziswa futhi ngenkuthalo ekuxhumaneni kwamazwe omhlaba, ngoba umhlaba wama-Arabhu unesithakazelo esikhulu, ngokwepolitiki kanye nezomnotho. Ukukhuluma nenani lenkimbinkimbi kakhulu emhlabeni kufaka amaqembu angama-5 wezilimi. Ngakho-ke ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene, ukubhala kanye nokuphinyiselwa kwamagama kuyakwazi ukwehluka kakhulu.
IsiHindi
Isikhundla sesine sathathwa ngolunye ulimi kusukela esifundeni sase-Indo-Pakistan - Hindi, esinye sezikhulu eNdiya. Umuntu oneminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane, uhlala enomdabu, kanti omunye waba yizigidi ezingama-200 bayisebenzisa ngokuxhumana. Ngakho-ke, kusobala ukuthi kungani lolu limi lukwazi ukubikezela amalimi amancane, emashumini angama-2 eminyaka alandelayo, emashumini eminyaka angu-2-3 alandelayo, ukucindezela isiNgisi, lapho ngesikhathi samanje kufanelekile ukuthola indawo phezulu Abaholi abathathu besilinganiso sezilimi.
Izizathu zesidingo solimi, ngokwemigomo yomsindo ehlukile kolunye ulimi olusemthethweni lwe-India, i-Urdu, lapho, esikhundleni sezinhlamvu zendabuko zaseNdiya, kusetshenziswa i-alfabhethi yama-Arabhu, ekuthuthukisweni okusheshayo kwe isifunda emihlanganweni yezimboni neyezomnotho. Futhi eqinisweni lokuthi isiNgisi lapha kancane kancane sinikeza isikhundla, yize futhi sihlala sisemthethweni.
IsiNgisi
Cishe umbuzo wokuthi luyini ulimi oluvame kakhulu emhlabeni, inqwaba yabantu izophendula ukuthi lesi isiNgisi. Noma kunjalo, ulimi oluhlonishwayo lokuxhumana kwamazwe omhlaba, ulwazi oluthathwa njengephoyinti lomgunyathi losomabhizinisi noma kwezepolitiki. Futhi nje ungafika. Kodwa-ke, umbono onjalo usuvele uphelelwe yisikhathi - IsiNgisi ngo-2020 sithatha umugqa wesithathu kuphela esingeni lomhlaba wonke futhi asisakwazi ukuncintisana ngesihloko esithi "Ulimi Olujwayelekile Emhlabeni."Yize esezingeni elifanelekile, isiNgisi singumnikazi wabantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezi-1 emhlabeni, kunabantu abambalwa kakhulu ekuxhumaneni kwansuku zonke. Futhi inani labathwali lingama-380 wezigidi ezingama-380. Naphezu kokuncishiswa ngenzalo ekufundweni kwalolu limi kanye nokuxoshwa kwezindawo zezomnotho nezepolitiki ezifundeni zaseLatin nase-Asia, isiNgisi njengamanje siyaqhubeka nokuba yindlela yokuxhumana yamazwe aphesheya, okuyinto idlalwa kalula ukutadisha kanye nokwenza umkhuba wama-epochsoch asele asele.
ISpanishi
Inani lezikhulumi zaseSpain lifaka phakathi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-500, kungabikwanga labo abaveza ngokukhululekile. Uhlu lwezifundazwe ezinesikhandla sase-Hispanic luhlanganisa amazwe angaphezu kwama-50 emhlabeni jikelele, kufaka phakathi i-Asia neLatin America. Kodwa-ke, iningi labantu abasebenzisa iSpain nsuku zonke ngenkulumo yabo, bahlala entshonalanga ye-hemisphere.
Ukungabali izimiso ezisungulwe emazweni amaningi kuye, ulimi luhlanganisa inqwaba yezilimi, umyalo wayo kwakunguCastilian, owayenguQembu LaseRomance. Kuyakhanga ukutadisha kwenza lula futhi ubuhle - akusizi ngalutho ukuthi iSpanishi lalala phansi isisekelo se-Esperanto eyakhiwe nguRephoff (Isilulumagama sihlangana ngo-60-70%). Lesi sakamuva saba nethuba lokuba yindlela yokuxhumana kwamazwe omhlaba, kodwa wanikela ngalesi siNgisi.
-SiShayina
Akukho okumangazayo ukuthi ulimi oluvame kakhulu emhlabeni luyisiShayina. Abathwali bawo kuphela emhlabeni abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,3 - ngaphezu kweChina, ulimi lwendabuko lwenzelwe izakhamizi zaseSingapore naseTaiwan. Yebo, emazweni amaningi ahlala ngesiShayina. Futhi inani lalokhu liyaqhubeka likhula, ngoba abantu abaningi bakhetha ukufunda isiShayina ukwenza lula ukuxhumana nabangane base-Asia kanye nabalingani bebhizinisi.
Ukukhula kokuthandwa kwesiShayina, okubandakanya amaqembu ayi-10 ezilimi futhi kufakwe ohlwini olunzima kakhulu ukutadisha emhlabeni, lusiza ukuqinisa i-PRC ngemigomo yezomnotho nezepolitiki. Lesi simo eminyakeni engama-20 edlule sakhiwe yizinyathelo zomhlaba eziyisikhombisa. Futhi ekwazile ukungena esiqongweni sabaholi bezimboni nabanezomnotho abanethonya elikhulu emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwebhizinisi, kudlulela esifundweni seChinese nakho kuyintshisekelo emasikweni asendulo, kugcinwe ngokucophelela izinkulungwane zeminyaka.