I-Biograge
IHarriet Bilethekh Stowo ngumbhali womthengisi omkhulu wekhulu le-19 - inoveli "Huts of Manle Tom". Incwadi le yenza umlobi embhalweni ecebile futhi yenza izingxoxo ezinolaka emphakathini waseMelika. Abaphenyi abaningi bathi u-Abraham Lincoln obize uBilethethethether-samisa umfazi oseshintshe umlando we-United States.Ubuntwana nentsha
Umlobi wazalwa ehlobo lika-1811 edolobheni laseLichfield State of Conntectikut. Ababelethi bayibiza le ntombazane, ingane yabo yesikhombisa, uHarriet elizabeth, phambilini babenendodakazi uHarriet, eshonile ebuntwaneni.
Eminyakeni engu-5, isilonda sesikhathi esizayo esiyindilinga esinesikhathi esizayo: Umama we-Roxan unyawo ushonele. Ubaba uLyman Beker washada kaningi futhi ngaphezu kwezingane eziyisishiyagalombili, ezaqhubeka nonkosikazi wokuqala, zithole izindlalifa ezine eziningi.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoUHarriet ufunde emhlanganweni wabesifazane wedolobha laseHartford, owayeholwa udadewabo omdala - umhlakazeli waseMelika Reformer Catarina Esther. Isikhungo semfundo sanikeza abafundi bolwazi olujulile lwezibalo kanye nePhilology. Umuntu ofunda naye ofunda naye kwakunguSara uWillis, owabe esengumlobi kanye nomklami wabantu osolwa nguFapny Fern.
Ngemuva kokukhululwa, uHarriet wafundisa emfundweni. Ngo-1832, le ntombazane yathuthela eCincinnati futhi yajoyina i-salon ye-lalon ye- "Chipcolon Club".
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Lapho eneminyaka engu-24 ubudala, uHarriet wayeshade nothisha wezeminande, owaholwa nguYise, - IsAm. Calvina Elvis Stau. Umngane womshado wahlukanisa imibono yenkululeko kaJehova unkosikazi, okuthi, ukwahlulela isithombe, wayemuhle kakhulu, futhi wakhuthaza ubuqambi bokubhalwa komlingani womshado.Umlobi waxoshwa ngenxa yenhlekelele empilweni yomuntu siqu. Kusukela ezinganeni eziyisikhombisa ezelwe Harriet, umama wasinda kuphela kwabathathu. Phakathi kwezimbangela zokufa kwamanoveli - ikholera ne-sepsis, izingozi. USdodana Frederick wanyamalala.
Kuma-70s ekhulu le-19, iMelika yanyakazisa ihlazo elihambisana nomfowabo wombhali uHenry Ward Beker. Isihlobo sodokotela wesifasi, ukuba ngumshumayeli odumile, sashintsha umkakhe nentombi yakhe. Mayelana neScandal Bekuzobhala Umuntu osebenza naye wase-Novel European George Sand, kepha inhloso yavinjelwa ukufa komlobi waseFrance. Umndeni wacwaswa wahlukaniswa, kepha umlobi wawusekela uHenry futhi wakholwa ekubumsulwa umfowabo.
Izincwadi
I-Bibliography Bilethethetheshetheshetheshesher-Stow ibanzi futhi ifaka izinkondlo, izindatshana, izindaba, amaculo futhi isebenza ngohlobo lwe-non-fickshen. Owesifazane wanyathelisa incwadi ye-geography kanye neqoqo le-Novo "kusuka ngempilo ye-Novoatalian, kwinoveli" Hijina Malume Tom ".
Ngokubhala incwadi enkulu yempilo yakhe, uHarriet wacindezela umthetho wenqabela izigqila ezibunjiwe. Futhi uBaba, kanye nendoda yombhali basiza kaningiyizi. Maphakathi ne- "Malume Tom Hut" - i-biography of the admerican emnyama emnyama, ephikisana nezimo zomuntu onomusa osele osiza abalingani bezinhlekelele. Inhloso yale ncwadi ukukhombisa abakhileyo e-United States okwethusayo okwenzeka eSouthern Perve Worker, futhi babize umphakathi ukuba abe nguMeriarier.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoNgokokuqala ngqa, umsebenzi wanyatheliswa ngochungechunge lwezincwadi ephephandabeni likazwelonke lase-Era. Uhlobo lokuqala lwencwadi lwahlukaniswa ukusakazwa kwamakhophi ayizinkulungwane ezingama-300. AmaRoma adale igagasi lokugxekwa. Abaphikisi basola uHarriet ekuhlekeni nasekungazini ngamaqiniso aseningizimu. Uchungechunge lwe- "Antitime Sovels" lwalandelwa - imisebenzi echaza abaplamers abasiza abasiza ekuguqulweni kwabasebenzi abamnyama baphila eMelika. Ephendula izinsolo, umbhali wakhipha incwadi ethi "Isihluthulelo 'kuMalume Tom" Hut ", etshela ngezibonakaliso zamaqhawe.
Kunelukuluku lokuthi ngekhulu lama-20 "i-Hut" selivele ligxekile baseMelika baseMelika. Ama-Fighners anombala omnyama wokulingana agxeka ukuthobeka komlingiswa ophambili, "ukungavikeli kodlame lwayo olubi." Igama likaTom phakathi kwabantu baseMelika baseMelika seliqoqe futhi bathola umbala ongemuhle.
Izingxoxo ezinesivunguvungu zabangela enye incwadi iBilethethethethethethethethethethethethethethethethethethethethethethethethethethethethethethethekhi-stowe "esungula i-Lady Byron". Umsebenzi wasola imbongi yesiNgisi ngokuziphatha okubi nokungathembeki emshadweni.
Ukushona
Ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, umbhali wahlushwa isifo sase-Alzheimer's. Eminyakeni engu-77, uHarriet waphinda wabhala futhi "uMalume Tom" Hut, enkolelweni, ethuthukisa umbhalo wesandla. Eqinisweni, isazi se-Novesist sakhiqiza kabusha indinyana yomsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko ephepheni ephepheni.Ngokwemilomo yomakhelwane, uCher-Sterow Mark Twain, intokazi esekhulile yayithanda ukwethusa izakhamuzi ezizungezile, yajaha amakhaya abo ngokungabonakali futhi yenza ukukhala kwezilwane. Lapho imizwa kaHarriet yashintsha, lona wesifazane wadlala imiculo edabukisayo yepiyano.
Umlobi ushone eminyakeni engama-85. UBher-Stow ungcwatshwe edolobheni elikhulu laseMassachusetts yase-Andover elandelayo eduze nomyeni wakhe nendodana yakhe uHenry Ellis, waminza ngo-1857.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1834 - "I-Essay evela empilweni yeNovangalian"
- Ngo-1852 - "Umalume uTom Hut"
- 1853 - "Ukhiye 'UMalume UTom" Hut ""
- Ngo-1856 - "Ukwesaba, noma indaba ekhuluma ngexhapho elibi"
- Ngo-1859 - "Umakoti Wompristi"
- Ngo-1862 - "Pearl of Orr Island"
- Ngo-1869 - "Oldtown Old-Timers"
- Ngo-1870 - "Ukucaciswa kweLady Byron"
- 1871 - "I-White-Pink Tyranny"
- Ngo-1871 - "Mina nomkami nami"
- Ngo-1872 - "Izindaba zakudala zaseKamelki, ezaziphatha noSam Louuson"
- Ngo-1881 - umsebenzi wenja