I-Biograge
Ngekhulu le-19, i-Ambroza Borsa yazwakala iyintatheli enethonya elikhulu kakhulu e-United States, futhi izindaba zakhe ezimbi "zafakwa esinyeni esisodwa nezindaba ezimbi kakhulu zokwesabeka kwesabekayo noHoward Phillips. I-biography yomlobi, kanye nemisebenzi yakhe yemibhalo, igcwalisa izinhlekelele kanye nemfihlakalo. Imfihlakalo Eyinhloko, ayixazululiwe kuze kube manje: Kushone kanjani futhi nini futhi nini futhi nini lapho kufa ama-Ambroza Birsc, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - okwadala ukufa kwakhe.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Ambroza Gwinnet Bins wazalwa ngoJuni 24, 1842 eMaigs, e-Ohio. Uneminyaka eyishumi yabantwana abangu-13 baseBrithani Mark abrailia Bhish kanye noLaura Sherwood Bours. Onke amadodana namadodakazi ayegqoke igama eqala incwadi ethi "A". Ngakho-ke, odade besifo sika-Abbrosis babizwa ngo-Abigail, Amelia, u-Ann (Ann on Latineta), i-Almeria, u-Adelia, u-Avelia, u-Augustus, u-Andrew), u-Albert no-Arthur.
Umndeni waseBirza wawumpofu ngokwezimali, kodwa ocebile ngokwengqondo. Kungabazali abaphonsa uthando lwezincwadi nokubhalela umbhali.
Impi yombango yathola abafana abaneminyaka engu-19 ubudala. Ukuba yi-Infantryman, wahlanganyela ekusebenzeni endaweni yeNtshonalanga yentshonalanga yentshonalanga yanamuhla, wabona impi yeFiliphi waseFiliphi 1861 kanye neMpi yaseShailo ngo-Ephreli 1862. Umcimbi wokugcina wezinyoni ezinikele incwadi ethi "Engikubonile eShailo" (1887).
Ama-Burs angakha umsebenzi wezempi uma bekungeyona ukulimala okungathi sína ekhanda, etholakala ngoJuni 1864 empini eMount Kennesso. Ehlobo lonke, umlobi wesikhathi esizayo uchithe esibhedlela, kwathi ngoJanuwari 1865 Wathatha umhlalaphansi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UGloomy wafinyelela eBirça Ambroza impilo yomuntu siqu. Unkosikazi wakhe okuwukuphela kwakhe uMaria Ellen dy ngonyaka we-1872 wabeletha okokuqala, ngo-1874, kwathi ngo-1875 Helen. Womabili la madodana ashonile ngaphambili kunoyise: UDI ngo-1889 wazibulala ngenxa yothando olungafaneleki, nokuthi, noma ngabe ubhekene nokuncika kotshwala, ngo-1901 wachitha i-pneumonia. UHelen waphila kuze kube ngu-1940.Ngo-1888, ukuthola incwadi evela kumkakhe wayo esithandana naye, uBirshe wathutha. Abalingani abahlukaniswe ngo-1904.
Izincwadi
Indlela yokudala yeBirra Ambroz yaqala ngobuntatheli. Unikele kuleli cala elinzima iminyaka engama-37, kusukela ngo-1872 kuya ku-1909. I-BIRSC ngokulinganayo nangokulinganayo nangokugqekeza ibingatshela umhlaba mayelana namasiko nezenhlalo kanye nokuwohloka kwezimali kanye nokubulawa kwezimali kanye nokubulawa kwabantu.
Naphezu kwamakhulu ezinto zobuntatheli zenkinga, i-Birsz yaduma ngokuyinhloko njengombhali. Izindaba zakhe ezidumile kakhulu 'zazalelwa' phakathi kuka-1888 no-1891. Cishe ukucasula okucashile ukucaphuna ubunzima empilweni yomuntu siqu.
Kuqhuma ngobuchule uchaze izingozi ezibonwe empini. Izindaba "zecala elisebhulohweni phezu kweSovic Creek" (1890), "I-Horseman esibhakabhakeni" (1891), "Okokunye okungekho" (1891). Bona phakathi kwezindaba ezingama-25 bangene eqoqweni "lezinganekwane mayelana namasosha nezakhamizi" (1892), okuyi-Club Gyol efake "izincwadi ezingama-100 ezinethonya kakhulu zaseMelika ezinyatheliswe ngaphambi kuka-1900".
"Icala ebhulohweni leSovic Creek" yindaba echazwe kakhulu yeBirra. Ifilimu lokuqala, eliyisimungulu futhi limnyama futhi limhlophe, laphuma ngo-1929 futhi labizwa ngokuthi yi- "Bridge". Ngo-1962, i-Premiere yamafilimu amafushane eSovic Creek, eyathatha u-Oscar neGolden Palm Branch. U-Alfred Hhichkok wathathwa ngenxa yesimemezelo somjikelezo wakhe "u-Alfred Hitchcock."
Umsebenzi odume kakhulu eBirz Bibliography ungoSathane Isichazamazwi (1911). Ekuqaleni, umsebenzi wabizwa ngokuthi igama elithi "Lexicon Cynic", zombili izinguqulo zichaza ngqo okuqukethwe.
I- "Satan Dictionary" iqukethe izincazelo zesiNgisi zamagama esiNgisi. Isibonelo, ikusasa, ngokusho kweBIRA, "yilokho okuthembela ku-vikeli, futhi isiwula - ukwehluleka," futhi ummeli ungumuntu odlula ngempumelelo imithetho. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, "isichazamazwi sikaSathane" sahlakazeka izingcaphuno, amanye ama-aphorisms asathandwa.
Etholakala ezivela ezinkampanini nakulali ezindlekweni. Ngakho-ke, umbhali wasolwa ngokuthambekela 'ekuphelweni' kobuqili '. Abaphila ngesikhathi babhala ukuthi ezindabeni zabo kamuva, izinyoni zazinenhloso yokushaqeka umfundi, "ahlasele ukuphepha kwengqondo." Kepha i-Lovevkkraft yomsebenzi weBirsa ithande. Ubhale ukuthi ezinye izindaba zaseMelika ziyizibonelo ezinhle zenganekwane eyimfihlakalo.
Ukushona
Ngo-Okthoba 1913, u-Ambroze Birsa oneminyaka engu-71 wahamba evakashele izinkambu zempi yombango. Bathi, wahamba nebutho lePancho Villa.Ukugcina okukhulunywa ngezinsuku zokubopha emuva emuva ngoDisemba 26, 1913. Wabe esebhala incwadi yomngani: "Kepha mina, ngiphuma kusasa ngandlela engaziwa." Le ncwadi ayigcinwanga ezindabeni zomhlaba wonke, ezijabulisa iqiniso lobukhona bayo. Noma kunjalo, kusukela lapho umbhali wanyamalala.
Ekufeni kweBirca, abantu basePancho Willia Vinyl, kepha umlobi womlando kanye nomlobi womngane uWalter Nile bathi iBirsc igxeka inguquko yakhe futhi ayikaze ijoyine iqembu lakhe.
Imfihlakalo yokunyamalala kweBirra ihlala ibukelwa phansi, naphezu kobuningi bezinguqulo (kufaka nokuzibulala).
Amacaphuna
"Igundane - Isilwane, indlela yokuphila eyayenziwa ngabesifazane abadidiyelwe." "Umlando - Incazelo, ikakhulukazi amabutho, amaqhawe, ubuwula kakhulu." "Cynic - a I-Villain ebona ukucabanga. Izinto zinjengokuthi zinjalo, hhayi njengoba kufanele zibe njalo. "" Unyaka yisikhathi esinezifo ezingama-365. "I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1872 - "Demon Desion"
- Ngo-1874 - "Web kusuka ku-skull engenalutho"
- Ngo-1877 - "ukudansa kokufa"
- Ngo-1892 - "Izinganekwane mayelana namasosha nezakhamizi" ("ngobukhulu bokuphila")
- Ngo-1892 - "Amabhungane amnyama e-Amber"
- Ngo-1892 - "IMonki nendodakazi kaPalacha"
- 1893 - "Kungenzeka yini?"
- Ngo-1899 - "I-Fantastic Basinie"
- Ngo-1909 - "Isithunzi ku-Dial"
- 1911 - "USathane Dictionary"